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Pasture : a design proposal for a new burial ground in Krematorielunden in Norrköping.
Get PDFExamensarbetet och gestaltningsförslaget »Hage« är ett utforskande av mitt personliga skapande. Gestaltningen är lika mycket arkitektur som landskapsarkitektur i en strävan att nå en helhet.
Med 1700-talets landskapsträdgårdar som inspiration är tanken att lyfta och utveckla platsens karaktär genom en stilisering av dess naturliga uttryck. Före kyrkogårdens expansion låg här en hagmark som i förslaget nytolkas genom högvuxet gräs och grupper av enebuskar. På åsryggen placeras en smyckningsplats med
utsikt över omgivningen och en siktlinje bort över Motala ström.
Smyckningsplatsens tydligt arkitektoniska gestalt ger en ny hållpunkt till vad som idag anses vara kyrkogårdens baksida. Med inspiration från mellankrigstidens Swedish Grace knyter den an denna del av kyrkogården med Kurt von Schmalensees krematorium från 1938.
Användandet av min egna metod gav både gestaltningsprocessen och förslaget en personlig prägel. Gestaltningen och mina ställningstaganden under processens gång är vad som utgör arbetet. Detta väckte i mig en känsla av att vara blottad och jag kunde känna en avsaknad av en tradition att falla tillbaka på.The degree project and design proposal »Pasture« is an exploration of my personal designing. The design spans across both architecture and landscaping in an attempt to reach a sense of wholeness.
Inspired by the landscape gardens of the 18th century, the aim is to highlight and develop the natural characteristics of the place through a stylisation of its natural expression. Before the expansion of the cemetery, the site consisted of a pasture, now reinterpreted by tall grass and groups of junipers. A folly is positioned on
the ridge with a view of the surroundings and a vista to and from the other side of Motala River.
The clear architectonic figure of the folly creates a new focalpoint to what is today considered the back-side of the cemetery ; inspired by the Swedish Grace epoch, it connects this part with the main building from 1938, designed by the Swedish architect Kurt von Schmalensee.
The use of my own method gave both the design process and
the the proposal a personal character. The work consists of my design and my personal desicions during the process. This evoked a feeling of being exposed and a lack of tradition to fall back to became appearent
Stocking eel or restoring routes?
Get PDFEvidence-based management is a term introduced to the field of conservation in the 1990s. As research and scientific thinking evolve, terminology and methodology of an evidence-based approach should also progress. Evaluating the evidence-base behind conservation and management methods is crucial to ensure they are effective and not based on potentially misleading factors such as tradition, personal experience, or accepted dogmas. In this thesis, a literature search was performed to investigate the scientific support behind two common management methods of the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla): restocking and restoring migration routes. The 39 articles reviewed demonstrate the diversity of parameters investigated within restocking and restoring migration routes and highlight the difficulties posed by the knowledge gaps in the European eel's lifecycle. Installed fish passages, one type of management measure to restore migration routes, are seldom evaluated for efficiency once operating and restocking has yet to show a net benefit for the population as a whole. While the scientific foundation of the management methods on a local scale may work as intended, it will take many years before results can be validated for the whole European eel population
Industrihampa som odlingssubstrat vid produktion av skogsplantor
Get PDFVarje år levereras över 400 miljoner skogsplantor till det svenska skogsbruket. Antalet levererade skogsplantor har succesivt ökat under de senaste decennierna, vilket även medför ett ökat behov av odlingssubstrat. Torvens fördelaktiga egenskaper har gjort att den i stor utsträckning används vid produktion av täckrotsplantor. Dess vattenhållande förmåga, porighet och höga katjonskapacitet är exempel på några av de egenskaper som gör torv så fördelaktigt som odlingssubstrat.
Den stora användningen av torv har på senare tid ifrågasatts på grund av den påverkan torvskörd har på frigörandet av växthusgaser. Torvmarker utgör en kolsänka som både lagrar och tar upp ytterligare kol från atmosfären. För att minska nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till följd av torvskörd är det därför önskvärt att hitta ett substitut till torv, för att helt eller delvis ersätta den.
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka möjligheterna att använda industrihampa som odlingssubstrat. Dessutom studerades eventuella skillnader i tillväxt för trädslagen björk, gran och tall vid odling i industrihampa eller i en blandning av industrihampa och torv.
Odlingsförsök genomfördes både på SLU Skogsmästarskolan och på Stakhedens plantskola i samarbete med Svenska Skogsplantor. För försöket på Skogsmästarskolan samlades data in gällande plantornas höjdtillväxt, pressvattnets ledningstal och pH-värde. Vid slutet av odlingsperioden analyserades även balansen mellan rot- och skottillväxt. Utvärdering av höjdtillväxt genomfördes även för odlingsförsöket på Stakhedens plantskola. Hypotesen var att odling i industrihampa eller en blandning bestående av 50 procent industrihampa och 50 procent torv skulle ge en bättre höjdtillväxt än vid odling i torv.
Odlingsförsöken visar att det är möjligt att delvis använda hampa som substitut till torv, dock med en sämre tillväxt som följd. Av rot-skottkvoten kan urskiljas att rot-skottkvoten var högre för plantor odlade i industrihampa jämfört med torv. Det tyder på att biomassan av rötterna utgör en större andel av plantan. Rot-skottkvoten för tall odlad i industrihampa var 51 procent, för tall odlad i 50 procent industrihampa och 50 procent torv var rott-skottkvoten 44 procent och i torv 28 procent.
Slutsatser från detta odlingsförsök är att tall hade bäst höjdutveckling vid odling i industrihampa vid jämförelse med björk och gran. Efter 75 dagars odlingstid var tall odlad i industrihampa 21 mm och i torv 50 mm. Gran odlad i industrihampa var 14 mm och i torv 46 mm. Björk odlad i industrihampa var tio mm och i torv 208 mm. Resultaten pekade tydligt på att industrihampa i den form som användes inte var optimal för odling av skogsplantor, speciellt inte för björk. För framtida odlingsförsök med industrihampa rekommenderas ett mer finmalt substrat.More than 400 million forest tree seedlings are delivered to Swedish forestry annually. Because of further increases in seedling production over recent decades, there has also been an increase in demand for growing media. Favorable properties of peat such as good water-holding capacity, porosity and high cation capacity makes it beneficial as a growing medium for forest tree seedlings.
The widespread use of peat has recently been questioned due to the potential negative impact of peat harvesting on the release of greenhouse gases. Peatlands serve as a carbon sink that stores and absorbs additional carbon from the atmosphere. To reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from peat harvesting, it is therefore desirable to find a substitute for peat, to partially or fully replace it.
The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of using industrial hemp as a growing medium. Possible differences between tree species in terms of growth were also explored by comparing birch, spruce and pine grown in industrial hemp or in a mixture of industrial hemp and peat.
Two cultivation trials were conducted, one at SLU Skogsmästarskolan in Skinnskatteberg and one at Stakhedens forest tree seedling nursery operated by Svenska Skogsplantor. Data on plant height growth, press water conductivity and pH were collected during the trial at Skogsmästarskolan. At the end of the growing period, the root/shoot ratio of the plants is determined to give a picture of the seedlings’ balance between root and shoot growth. Collection of height growth data was carried out for the trial at Stakhedens nursery. The hypothesis was that cultivation in industrial hemp or in a mixture of 50 percent industrial hemp and 50 percent peat would give better results in terms of growth when compared to the control seedlings grown in peat.
The cultivation trials show that it is possible to partially use hemp as a substrate for peat, but with a lower growth rate as a result. The results show that the root-shoot ratio was higher for plants grown in industrial hemp compared to peat. This indicates that the biomass of the roots constitutes a larger proportion of the plant. The root-shoot ratio for pine grown in industrial hemp was 51 percent, for pine grown in 50 percent industrial hemp and 50 percent peat the root-shoot ratio was 44 percent and in peat 28 percent.
Conclusions from this cultivation trial are that pine had the best height development when grown in industrial hemp compared to birch and spruce. After 75 days of cultivation, pine grown in industrial hemp was 21 mm and in peat 50 mm. Spruce grown in industrial hemp was 14 mm and in peat 46 mm. Birch grown in industrial hemp was 10 mm and in peat 208 mm. The results clearly indicated that industrial hemp in the form used was not optimal for growing forest plants, especially birch. A more finely ground substrate is recommended for future cultivation trials with industrial hemp
The importance of the Leader method for local sustainable development : a qualitative study of Österby fishing association’s project with Leader Upplandsbygd
Get PDFDenna uppsats undersöker hur lokalt ledd utveckling kan understödja ideella föreningar till att genomföra insatser i den lokala vattenmiljön samt vilken inverkan ideella verksamheter har i den lokala hållbara utvecklingen och om de kan uppmuntra till lokal utveckling. Studien har sin utgångspunkt i det projekt Österby fiskeriförening driver tillsammans med Leader Upplandsbygd. Uppsatsen baseras på två semi-strukturerade intervjuer med en representant för leaderkontoret i Uppland och styrelsemedlemmar från en ideell fiskeriförening. Uppsatsen är geografiskt avgränsad till sjön stordammen vilken är belägen i anslutning till tätorten Österbybruk. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats med hjälp av det styrningsrelaterade begreppet governance och det nätverksbetonande socialt kapital för att identifiera på vilket sätt en ideell förening kan inkluderas och influera samhället till ett engagemang i hållbar utveckling. Uppsatsen identifierar hur en ideell förening kan styras till att utföra miljöåtgärder och föreningens samspel med lokalsamhällets aktörer. Föreningens medlemmar berättar om hur finansieringen av ett vassaggregat har haft en betydande roll för bibehållandet av den lokala vattenmiljön samt till att förbättra tillgängligheten till området. Uppsatsen visar på att investeringen har gett mervärden i egenskap av ökat intresse för förvaltning inom föreningen samt intresse för lokala samarbeten. Därmed har det sociala kapitalet haft en betydande roll för föreningens möjligheter att producera samarbeten mellan lokalsamhällets aktörer samt för att uträtta handlingar.This work examines how community-led development can support non-profit organizations to implement interventions in the local aquatic environment and what impact non-profit activities have in local sustainable development and whether they can encourage local development. The study has its starting point in the project that is run together between Österby fiskeriförening and Leader Upplandsbygd. The work is based on two semi-structured interviews with a representative of the local Leader office in Uppland and board members from a non-profit fishing association. The study is geographically limited to Lake Stordammen, which is located adjacent to the rural society of Österbybruk. The empirical material has been analyzed with the help of the administration related concept of governance and the network-emphasizing social capital to identify how a non-profit association can be involved and influence society to a commitment to sustainable development. The work identifies how a non-profit organization can be guided to perform environmental actions and its interaction with local community actors. The members of the association describe how the funding of a reed bed unit has played a significant role in maintaining the local aquatic environment and improving access to the area. The thesis shows that the investment has yielded added value in the form of increased interest in management within the association as well as interest in local collaborations. Therefore, the social capital has been shown to have played a major role in enabling the association to produce collaborations between community actors and to carry out actions
Can precision seeding improve winter wheat establishment?
Get PDFDespite historical increases in winter wheat yields is the current trend showing signs of yield stagnation. This stagnation is a cause for concern when considering the escalating food demand due to a growing global population. Nonetheless, it is still evident that there remains a greater genetic potential for further increases in winter wheat yields and precision seeding of winter wheat stands out as one possibility to elevate productivity, both through an improved seed singulation and reduced seed depth variability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether a precision seeder adapted for small grains could improve the establishment of a winter wheat crop. In contrast to earlier studies, the emphasis was not only on investigating seed placement, but also on analyzing how seed placement affects emergence and plant development. A field experiment was thus carried out in southern Sweden to compare a precision seeder prototype to a conventional seed drill at three different seeding rates, 188, 281, and 375 seeds/m2. Crop establishment was assessed by investigating seeding depth, seed singulation, emergence, and plant development. The results show that precision seeding has the potential to improve winter wheat establishment, both through improved seed singulation and reduced seed depth variability. However, the improved seed singulation does not appear to be that advantageous at higher seeding rates or wider row spacings, as this results in plants being positioned closer together within the seed row. Furthermore, to fully unlock the potential of a reduced seed depth variability, all seeds must germinate promptly upon seeding to achieve a uniform emergence and plant development. During this field trial, both seeders were configured with different row spacings and fertilizer placements, which implies that further research is required to better understand the sole impact of an improved seed singulation and reduced seed depth variability on emergence and plant development, but also their subsequent contributions to the final yield
Effekt av födoförändring hos selekterade insektspopulationer av hussyrsa
Get PDFDenna rapport var baserad på ett experiment som gjordes på insektsarten Acheta domesticus också kallad hussyrsan. Målet med experimentet var att se hur syrsors tillväxt påverkas om de först ätit en sorts foder under en längre tid och sedan helt plötsligt får äta ett nytt foder. Anledningen till detta var för att se om man kunde anpassa syrsorna att äta ett specifikt foder så att de enklare skulle kunna användas som födokälla för människor. mer specifikt där det kanske finns begränsade foderkällor åt syrsorna. Experimentet genomfördes under en period på 5 veckor där två sorters syrsor fick testa varandras foder som de inte ärtigt förut. Syrsornas vikt jämfördes sedan med syrsor som åt samma foder som tidigare. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns någon korrelation mellan syrsornas foder och deras tillväxt. Det fanns däremot svaga indikationer på att ett av fodren möjligtvis var bättre. Det fanns dessutom en tydligt tillväxt skillnad mellan populationerna. Detta visar bara att det fanns genetiska skillnader mellan populationerna men visar ingenting om påverkan på foder över tid. Slutsatsen var att det inte fanns några tydliga skillnader mellan fodret och tillväxten på hussyrsan.This report is about an experiment on the insect species Acheta domesticus also known as the house cricket. The goal with the experiment was to observe how the growth in these crickets differed between different populations reared on different types of feed. The focus was on two captive-reared populations that had only been eating one type of food for several generations and examine if the crickets had adapted to eating that specific type of feed in a cross-over feeding trial. This experiment would provide results for future studies into how crickets either adapt to specific foodstuffs over time, or are able to continue as feed generalists as part of broader questions into insect farming for human consumption. The experiment examined cricket growth over 5 weeks and compared individual growth in the two populations’ when fed feed they had been adapted to versus a feed that they had not encountered before. The results show that there wasn’t any correlation between growth and whether they had eaten that specific feed beforehand, although there were small indications that one of the feeds was better. There were also significant differences between the different populations when it came to growth. This was most likely only genetic differences between the populations, but this doesn’t show any effect the feed might have had. So, to conclude there was no significant difference in the different feeds that were given to the crickets since the growth didn’t seem to change with the feed
Långtidslagring av energi för småskaligt lantbruk på Mälsta gård
Get PDFThe small-scale Mälsta farm near Knivsta is committed to sustainability, focusing on energy savings and self-sufficiency. The farm spans 4 hectares, including 3 hectares of arable and pasture land, supporting small-scale animal husbandry and household cultivation. Since 1994, energy efficiency measures such as solar and geothermal heating, solar panels, a water-jacketed wood stove, additional insulation, and LED lighting have reduced electricity consumption from 50,000 kWh to 12,500 kWh per year by 2022.
To further enhance self-sufficiency, Mälsta farm aims for 24-hour island operation, prioritized island operation for three weeks, and long-term total self-sufficiency in energy and sewage. Key strategies include expanding ground and roof-mounted monocrystalline solar panels and initially considering a vertical wind turbine. However, due to low wind speeds and high costs, wind turbines were deemed unfeasible. Instead, monocrystalline solar panels were prioritized. Despite their limited energy production period, they can provide a stable energy supply year-round when combined with storage solutions.
By collecting wind and solar data, simulations were performed to model energy production and compare it to the farm’s energy consumption. This analysis determined the optimal energy storage solution, which includes an 8000 kWh hydrogen system and a 30 kWh lithium-ion battery. The hydrogen system is intended for longterm energy storage from summer to winter, while the lithium-ion battery provides short-term storage for heating and lighting at night. Batteries are primarily used due to their higher efficiency, with hydrogen production occurring only when the batteries are fully charged
Light dependency of carotenoid- and lipid production in oleaginous red yeast, Rhodotorula toruloides
Get PDFThe rapidly increasing population of earth is straining the planet's capacity to meet human needs, necessitating industrialization and the intensive use of fossil fuels. This has led to climate change and environmental pollution. Addressing these modern issues requires innovative solutions, such as sustainable production methods for food, feed, and energy. One promising avenue involves oleaginous red yeasts, particularly Rhodotorula toruloides, which can produce valuable carotenoids and lipids. These compounds have potential applications in biodiesel, food and feed industries, bioplastics, biochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biocosmetics (Pham et al. 2021).
This study investigates the impact of light on carotenoid and lipid production in three R. toruloides strains: CBS 14, CBS 6016, and CBS 349, understanding these factors can enhance practical applications. The findings reveal differences in carotenoid concentration and lipid content between the strains under light and dark conditions. CBS 14 produced more carotenoids in the dark, while CBS 6016 produced more in the light, indicating a stimulation of carotenoid production in CBS 6016 and a defense mechanism in CBS 14. CBS 349 showed no noteworthy variation between conditions.
Lipid concentration also varied, with higher levels in the dark when analyzed with FT-NIR, but higher levels in the light when analyzed with SFE, although the analyzes was done with different batches. However, the reliability of these results was questioned due to variability between replicates. The study suggests a possible link between lipid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, indicating coordinated regulation to meet cellular metabolic needs. Regulatory mechanisms controlling lipid metabolism may influence carotenoid biosynthesis and the other way round.
In conclusion, CBS 14 exhibited the highest carotenoid production, while CBS 349 showed the lowest, likely due to genetic differences.Den snabba befolkningstillväxten på jorden belastar planetens kapacitet att möta mänskliga behov, vilket kräver ökad industrialisering och intensiv användning av fossila bränslen. Detta har lett till klimatförändringar och miljöföroreningar. För att hantera dessa moderna utmaningar behövs innovativa lösningar, som hållbara produktionsmetoder för mat, foder och energi. En lovande strategi innefattar användning av oljeacumulerande röda jästsvampar, särskilt Rhodotorula toruloides, som kan producera värdefulla karotenoider och lipider. Dessa föreningar har potentiella tillämpningar inom biodiesel, livsmedels- och foderindustrin, bioplaster, biokemikalier, läkemedel och biokosmetik (Pham et al. 2021).
Denna studie undersöker ljusets påverkan på karotenoid- och lipidproduktionen i tre olika R. toruloides stammar: CBS 14, CBS 6016 och CBS 349, att förstå dessa faktorer kan förbättra praktiska tillämpningar. Resultaten visar skillnader i karotenoidkoncentration och lipidkoncentration mellan stammarna under ljusa och mörka förhållanden. CBS 14 producerade mer karotenoider i mörkt förhållande, medan CBS 6016 producerade mer i ljust förhållande. Vilket tyder på en stimulering av karotenoidproduktionen i CBS 6016 och en försvarsmekanism i CBS 14. CBS 349 visade ingen märkbar variation mellan förhållandena.
Lipidkoncentrationen varierade också, med högre koncentration i mörkt förhållande enligt FT-NIR-analys, men högre koncentration i ljus enligt SFE-analys, däremot är det olika prover som analyserades. Tillförlitligheten av dessa resultat ifrågasattes dock på grund av variationer mellan proverna. Studien antyder ett möjligt samband mellan lipid- och karotenoidbiosyntesvägar, vilket indikerar en samordnad reglering för att möta cellens metaboliska behov. Regleringsmekanismer som styr lipidmetabolismen kan påverka karotenoidbiosyntesen och det motsatta.
Sammanfattningsvis visade CBS 14 den högsta karotenoidproduktionen, medan CBS 349 visade den lägsta, sannolikt på grund av genetiska skillnader
Dog-owner interactions during a staged veterinary consultation
Get PDFThis study investigated the role of dog owners’ adult attachment style and personality on dog-owner interactions during a staged veterinary visit. A total number of 20 healthy, non-aggressive dogs and their owners participated in a standardised, non-invasive, veterinary consultation. Owners’ scores in two questionnaires, Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ, reflecting adult attachment style) and Big Five Inventory (BFI, reflecting personality), were investigated with regards to correlations with their own and their dogs’ behaviour using video recordings. The consultation was divided into four parts, mirroring events in a real veterinary consultation: pre-examination phase (owners were not allowed to interact with their dog), examination phase and post-examination phase which consisted of two parts: one where the owner was available to interact with their dog, and one where they were allowed to interact but given a task that redirected their attention away from the dog.
Owners who scored higher in subscales related to more avoidant adult attachment had dogs who spent less time in their proximity during the pre-examination phase. Moreover, these dogs were more frequently in contact with the door after the examination. These results may be interpreted as these dogs being more independent and less reliant on their owners. This is in line with previous findings in children and dogs of caregivers with a more avoidant attachment style. Owners who scored higher in conscientiousness (BFI) interacted less with their dogs during the examination, which supports previous research indicating that this personality trait affect owners’ caregiving behaviour.
This study suggests that owners’ adult attachment style and personality may influence the beha-viour of the owner and the dog during a staged veterinary visit. This study is limited by a small sample size and the fact that all dogs were healthy. Further research, including e.g. physiological measures, is required to investigate if this can be generalised to a larger population and to a real veterinary setting
Odling av gemenskaper i andelsjordbruk
Get PDFSyftet med den här studien är att bidra med kunskaper om hur gemenskaper uppstår och utvecklas i andelsjordbruk i Sverige. Genom enkäter, intervjuer och observationer undersöker studien vad som karaktäriserar gemenskaper samt hur de organiseras och utvecklas i andelsjordbruk.
Resultaten visar att det i andelsjordbruk framför allt uppstår och utvecklas gemenskaper baserat på olika incitament och värderingar kring medlemskap och arbete. Konsumenter ansluter sig till andelsjordbrukens medlemsgemenskaper för att få ekologiska och lokala grönsaker samtidigt som de vill stötta en lokal producent. Även om de flesta initiativtagare tycks starta sina andelsjordbruk på egen hand utvecklar de efterhand arbetsgemenskaper tillsammans med anställda, volontärer, engagerade medlemmar och/eller praktikanter.
Medlems- och arbetsgemenskaper i andelsjordbruk karaktäriseras av att vara olika stora, och mer eller mindre personliga och formella. I jämförelse med andra alternativa matsystem såsom REKO indikerar resultaten att det kan finnas en högre grad av personlig gemenskap i andelsjordbruk – med fler och djupare sociala och inkluderande inslag för både producenter och konsumenter.
De utmaningar som gemenskaper i andelsjordbruk står inför är på många vis kopplade till hur rörelsen för alternativa matsystem kan växa i Sverige. Troligen kan en väg framåt förstås genom att diskutera frågor om medlems- och arbetsgemenskaper kopplat till modellen för andelsjordbruk.The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about how communities develop in Community Supported Agricultures in Sweden. Through surveys, interviews, and observations, this study analyses how communities in Community Supported Agricultures are characterized, organized, and developed over time.
The result shows how communities in Community Supported Agricultures develop and how they are organized based on different incentives and values linked to membership and work. People take part in Community Supported Agriculture as consumers wanting to receive ecological local vegetables while at the same time supporting a local producer. Even though most initiators of Community Supported Agricultures are “alone” in the beginning, the producers develop work teams with employees, volunteers, engaged members or trainees.
Members’ groups and work teams in Community Supported Agricultures are of different size, both informal and formal character and they are characterized by more of intimate relations compared to other alternative food networks in Sweden.
The challenges that communities in Community Supported Agricultures are facing are in many ways closely connected to how the movement of the alternative food networks can grow in Sweden. How to approach it can probably be understood by discussing questions about member’s groups and working teams linked to the model of the Community Supported Agricultures