University of Szeged
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Semisynthesis from α,β-unsaturated oxo-terpenes: studies on monoterpene aminodiol catalysts and bioactive ecdysteroid derivatives
No full textAssessment of Students’ Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills and the Factors Influencing Them
Full text linkMathematical problem-solving is crucial to contextualizing mathematics education, but students often perform poorly in this area. While previous studies have explored strategies to enhance these skills, they focus primarily on a single influencing factor, neglect students’ background variables, and employ monodisciplinary tasks, which fail to meet the 21st century demands for realistic interdisciplinary Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-based problem-solving. This study addressed these gaps by evaluating Indonesian middle school students’ mathematical problem-solving skills using a STEM-based context task and examining the impact of cognitive and socioeconomic status (SES) factors on these skills.
A systematic review and four empirical studies were conducted. The systematic review addressed the question of what the trends in STEM problem-solving assessments are and identified a complex problem scenario essay test as the most effective instrument, but lacking psychometric evidence, to assess mathematical problem-solving within an interdisciplinary STEM context. Hence, two tests were developed and validated using Rasch analysis in the second and third studies to address these gaps: an integrated STEM-based mathematical problem-solving test and a mathematics domain-specific prior knowledge (DSPK) test. The tests were suitable and robust for comprehensive, interdisciplinary process-based assessments.
The fourth and fifth studies were administered to 1,067 students in grades 7 to 9. The fourth study addressed the question of what the profiles, development, and differences in students’ mathematical problem-solving skills are based on grades, gender, and school locations. The findings highlighted that the best period of mathematical problem-solving development is from grades 7 to 8, suggesting that this period should be maximized, specifically among students in urban areas, both male and female, and in the knowledge acquisition phase. Additionally, it revealed that male and rural students underperformed compared to their counterparts and require targeted interventions.
The fifth study used structural equation modeling to examine how cognitive (i.e., mathematics DSPK, science knowledge, and text comprehension skills) and SES (i.e., parents’ education and family income) factors influence students’ mathematical problem-solving skills. The findings highlighted the significant contributions of these factors, particularly mathematics DSPK, in directly shaping mathematical problem-solving skills, while excluding the direct impact of parents’ education. However, parents’ education indirectly influenced mathematical problem-solving skills through family income. Additionally, improving text comprehension could influence science knowledge, further influencing mathematical problem-solving skills
Toward Climate-Resilient Agriculture in Northern Kazakhstan: Integrating Snowmelt-Based Drought Mitigation, Crop Modeling, and Yield Impact Assessment
Full text linkMotiváció a zenei nevelésben: a tanulói döntések, a műfaji preferenciák és a külső ösztönzők szerepe az öndeterminációs elmélet alapján
Full text linkMusic education plays a key role in personality development and the formation of social relationships. It is both a means of self-expression and a community-building force, closely linked to the cultural environment and individual motivation. The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive picture of the factors influencing students' motivation to learn musical instruments and to explore students' attitudes and opinions towards different musical genres. Our research is the first national empirical study to investigate complex relationships: how parents, teachers and peers influence students' interest in learning musical instruments; and the genres they prefer; and how this can be interpreted within the framework of self-determination theory. A better understanding of motivational factors can help to make music education more effective and enjoyable for students.
In our quantitative research, we adapted the Motivation for Music Learning questionnaire (Comeau et al., 2019) in a pilot study, which was found reliable for the Hungarian sample. We supplemented the instrument with background questions, including whether students started learning an instrument on their own initiative or on the initiative of their parents. In our second quantitative measurement, we applied the MLM questionnaire to a larger sample. In addition, we used a self-developed questionnaire to compare the opinions of students (N=1159), both instrumental learners and non-learners, which helped reveal motivational differences. A novel feature of our questionnaire was the inclusion of pre-defined videos to explore students' attitudes towards musical genres. The qualitative phase of the study consisted of interviews with teachers, student teachers, parents and instrumental music students. The aim of the interviews was to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing motivation, such as teaching methods, family background and personal experiences. Interviews with experienced teachers and student teachers also covered career motivation.
In summary, our results show that parents, teachers and peers play a crucial role in maintaining motivation, but the proportion of incentives varies with age. Students who start to learn an instrument on their own initiative have stronger intrinsic motivation. However, intrinsic and extrinsic incentives interact. It is worth noting that intrinsic commitment to learning an instrument is not related to favoring the subject of vocal music, and no significant differences were found between boys' and girls' motivation. Pupils significantly preferred popular genres to classical or folk music, regardless of age group and gender. The interviews suggest that autonomy is achieved through choice. Competence is the second basic need where positive feedback is crucial. The final basic need is related to bonding and belonging, with communication being an essential element. Dropout can be attributed to a lack of support for these basic psychological needs. There are many factors behind the choice of teaching, instrumental learning and instrument choice, but one of the most important, apart from internal incentives, is the influence of family and parents. There is a difference between the career preferences of current teachers and those of future teachers.
Our complementary research approach enabled a complex investigation of the motivational background of instrumental learning, thereby yielding novel insights into the field of music learning motivation. Our findings may contribute to supporting music teachers and parents in motivating students, thus promoting long-term commitment to instrumental learning
Ageing-related microinfarct-induced alterations in contractile protein expression in brain pericytes
Full text linkComputational Paralinguistics: The Importance of Audio Analysis and Feature Extraction Methodologies
Full text linkThis PhD thesis presents comprehensive research in the field of computational paralinguistics, especially for the three main categories of machine learning approaches (traditional, deep learning-based, and hybrid methodologies). Despite the growing number of studies in this area, there is still no consensus on a set of architectural design patterns that can be applied universally. Some approaches may work well for specific datasets, yet fail to generalise across multiple use-cases. This gap in the literature motivated my study.
This thesis established global guidelines in speech-based classification and regression tasks.
The following fundamental challenges were encountered through a systematic investigation of feature extraction methodologies.
First of all, most paralinguistic corpora remain small (less than 100 hours), making it more challenging to observe and draw conclusions about global trends. The extremely low amount of data is also limiting the training of Deep Neural Networks. Moreover, cross-cultural generalisation is also a huge challenge. For example, models trained on Western speech underperform on tonal languages.
Lastly, computational costs play a crucial role in real-life applications. DNNs require more resources than traditional methods, making low-resource deployment more difficult. Comprehensive research in this field is crucial for the everyday development of paralinguistic systems.
This thesis enhances the understanding of features within paralinguistic analysis and identifies methods that could improve the overall effectiveness of computational models
Prevention related to reproductive health. Selected neuropsychiatric diseases, childbearing, breastfeeding and choice of contraception
Full text linkA paradicsom glutation transzferáz enzimek szerepe a gyökerek abiotikus stresszválaszában és a Théta osztályú GST enzimek funkciójának bioinformatikai vizsgálata
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Rethinking Citizenship in Turkey: Transformation, Religious Pluralism, And the Case of Alevism
Full text linkIn this dissertation, I argue the transformation of citizenship and secularism in Turkey, in terms of religious pluralism by utilising Alevism as a case study. I adapt the perspective from the governance of religious diversity and treat religious institutions from a social-structuralist approach. Although I benefitted from my former field research, my thesis is an outcome of a non-empirical study. Therefore, first, I have gathered data from published scholarly works and internet documents (news and press releases), and second, I have analysed them in a hermeneutic cycle. I have contextualised the topics I discuss in each chapter and connected them to each other to establish a new context. This approach has helped me to found my thesis on four main pillars: In Chapter 2, I define Alevism in comparison with the historical context and dimensions of Alevism itself. In Chapter 3, I describe the modernisation of Turkey regarding secularism, which contributes to a better understanding of both the historical context of the definition of Alevism and the following chapter’s citizenship structures. In Chapter 4, I elevate the descriptive and historical contexts to a political one by focusing on minority and majority issues in Turkey and their effects on the comprehensiveness of citizenship. In Chapter 5, I use the contexts of Alevism, secularisation, and citizenship for the critique of secularism and the application of the two pluralisms thesis to Turkey via Alevism