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Study of b- and c-jets identification for Higgs coupling measurements at the Muon Collider
Get PDFThe Muon Collider is a possible option for the next generation of high-energy collider machines. It would permit to achieve very high center-ofmass energy using leptons without occurring in significative synchrotron radiation
losses as in positron-electron rings. Due to the muon decay, the detector has to sustain a high level of background: beam decay products and subsequent particles from secondary interactions with the machine elements can reach the interaction point, thus jeopardizing the physical performance of the detector. Nevertheless, this machine offers the possibility of producing huge Higgs boson samples with respect to the backgrounds, allowing the precise determination of the b- and cquark couplings. In this contribution, a study of the identification of b- and c-jets
in the Muon Collider environment is presented, and an estimation of the statistical precision on the H → b¯b cross-section is evaluated, accounting for the presence of
the beam and the physical backgrounds. A preliminary study on the use of machine learning techniques to improve the result and to study the H → cc¯ will also be reported
“ArchaeoloGIS” a QGIS plugin for archaeological spatial analysis
Get PDFThe purpose of the paper is to introduce a QGIS plugin named ArcheoloGIS. It is developed in PYQGIS and tested by the community of Una Quantum Inc. (Italy). It consists of a decorator algorithm named Tabula Peutingeriana, that outputs points at a regular distance, every one Roman mile, along a given path. The article shows its use, the construction of a possible dataset and its evolution, as well as a case study of its application
Spatial analysis as a tool for field research. Case-studies in progress for urban and landscape contexts
Get PDFThis paper concerns spatial analysis applied to urban and landscape scale; main aims are the reconstruction of the evolution in a specific settlement and the detecting of potential location for archaeological sites. Spatial analysis takes advantage of a GIS dataset containing different systems of sources (excavations, historical maps, toponymy, medieval documents, geomorphological data). Case studies at urban scale concern Monselice (Veneto) and Salpi (Northern Apulia). A retrogressive analysis aims to reconstruct the medieval urban fabric starting from the late morphology of these cities, using the modern cadastre or a magnetic survey. The Kernel Density Estimation and the evaluation of parcels orientation have been applied for a comprehension of the urban structure. At territorial scale, case studies regard two sectors of Northern Apulia. First step of these ongoing researches concerns the detection of landform (by TPI-Topographical Index, Geomorphons) and Wetness Index (TWI). This work helps us detect potential areas for settlements which are not preserved (dependencies of the city of Montecorvino and of the monastery of S. Egidio) and validate the outcomes of TWI (S. Marco in Lamis); moreover, it provides new hints about the relationship between settlement pattern, geomorphological elements, territorial/hydrological arrangement related to centuration
La Convenzione sul patrimonio mondiale compie 50 anni (1972-2022) La tutela, la conservazione e la valorizzazione del patrimonio dell’umanità e le prospettive future per la gestione dei siti UNESCO
Get PDFIn occasione del 50° anniversario della Convenzione UNESCO sul patrimonio mondiale (1972 - 2022), il Dipartimento Scienze Umane e Sociali, Patrimonio Culturale (DSU) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) ha organizzato la Giornata di Studio: La CONVENZIONE SUL PATRIMONIO MONDIALE COMPIE 50 ANNI (1972-2022) - La tutela, la conservazione e la valorizzazione del patrimonio dell’umanità e le prospettive future per la gestione dei siti UNESCO in Italia. L’evento ha proposto una riflessione condivisa sul ruolo delle istituzioni, della ricerca scientifica e di tutti i più rilevanti attori nel settore della tutela, conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio UNESCO italiano
Weighing antimatter: AEgIS Phase 2, upgrades and first data
Get PDFAEgIS (Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spec
troscopy) is an experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility at CERN whose goal is to study the asymmetry between matter and antimatter and, in particular, the effect of the Earth’s gravitational field on antihydrogen (H). During the 2018 run, H was formed, leading into considerable gain of knowledge on the processes involved. Therefore, in the last two years, during CERN LS2, multiple upgrades to the experiment have been carried out, spanning from new degraders, a new H formation trap scheme, an entirely new control system, a more efficient positronium (Ps) converter, and more efficient sensors. All this work is necessary
towards the goal of creating the first pulsed beam of neutral ¯ H, which will enable inertial studies on antihydrogen with high degrees of precision. This contribution presents different upgrades, their validation with the antiprotons beam, and the further developments foreseen in the future
Photoinduced charge carrier dynamics in germanium
Get PDFThe light-induced injection of charge carriers from the valence to the conduction band of a solid, and their subsequent thermalization and relaxation, are fundamental physical processes. They allow dynamically altering the conductivity of a semiconductor, controlling its electro-optical properties with light fields. In this paper, we discuss the elusive photoinjection mechanism occurring during light-matter interaction, to then focus on the charge thermalization and relaxation processes in germanium
Deep learning applied to medical image analysis: Epistemology and data
Get PDFDeep learning (DL) is changing the way we analyze medical im
ages. What do these changes consist of? According to some interpretations, AI epistemology is moving towards a new paradigm called the “fourth paradigm”, in which theory, hypothesis and experiment are going to be unified through data. In this context, the famous statement “Correlation is enough” seems to be an effective way to describe this evolution. This change raises several issues related to medical image analysis. One of the most interesting is about data. Data are a main part of DL development especially because DL algorithms are not explainable. Medical images data sets are scarce, underpopulated, and usually do not contain acquisition and reconstruction parameters. It is only by knowing data characteristics that we can define the boundaries in which an algorithm can properly work
SOLUS: A Smart OpticaL and UltraSound device for the diagnostics of breast cancer
Get PDFSOLUS is a H2020 funded project devoted to the design, devel
opment and testing in clinics of a Smart OpticaL and UltraSound device for the diagnostics of breast cancer. The collaboration of all partners allowed the first inte
gration of time domain multi-wavelength diffuse optical tomography and commercial B-mode ultrasound imaging, color doppler and shear wave elastography in a handheld probe. The initial results of the clinical validation of the SOLUS system now ongoing on patients with breast lesions are presented
Cryo-EM undiscloses structural and mechanistic details on iron hijacking by Staphylococcus aureus: An insight into the interaction of IsdB hemophore with human hemoglobin
Get PDFIron is an essential nutrient for almost all organisms. In the human body, it is primarily bound to the heme cofactor of hemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin and other heme-binding proteins. During infection, Staphylococcus aureus exploits
Hb heme pool as its favored iron source, capturing and internalizing it by cell wall hemophores. The first step is performed by IsdB, which intercepts free Hb and extracts heme. IsdB, a proven virulence factor, is an attractive putative target for antimicrobials development but its mechanism of action needs to be further detailed. To this aim, we used cryo-EM single-particle analysis to study IsdB:Hb complex formation and heme extraction. The key complexes before and after heme extraction were solved at 2.9 ˚ Aand5.8˚ A resolution using carboxyHb, resistant to
heme removal, and oxidized Hb, the physiologic IsdB substrate. IsdB first binds to Hb β-chains, enhancing Hb dimerization to favor a second IsdB molecule binding to α-chains before extraction. These results greatly improve our current knowledge of IsdB structural and functional dynamics, thus promoting future studies on new potential antimicrobials aimed at impairing S. aureus iron acquisition
Dual-comb laser enables broadband detection of optical anisotropies
Get PDFThe measurement of optical anisotropies is widely employed in many application fields, such as material and biomedical sciences. Such spectro- scopic method monitors the polarization state alterations after the interaction be- tween matter and different states of polarized light. Here, we use a newly developed single-cavity dual-comb laser to demonstrate proof-of-principle polarization-resolved measurements. We detect the signals resulting from the heterodyne mixing of the two combs. The interferograms encode the information about the polarimetric prop- erties of samples at kHz rate. Our results complement earlier work with similar single-cavity dual-comb lasers demonstrating pump-probe sampling, and pave the way for a new platform for multimodal sensing