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Image quality evaluation of ACR (RMI 156) phantom using machine learning in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)
No full textQuality assurance (QA) typically relies on the RMI 156 Phantom to evaluate parameters like resolution, contrast, and noise, but current manual assessments are subjective, vary among evaluators, and are time-consuming, leading to inconsistencies. These limitations compromise the reliability of QA processes, potentially affecting diagnostic accuracy. This study explores the application of ML in automating image quality assessment for DBT using the ACR (RMI 156) phantom. The main objective was to develop an ML-based framework capable of evaluating image quality with improved accuracy, consistency, and efficiency compared to conventional manual methods. DBT images acquired from phantom exposures were processed using MATLAB, including preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and data augmentation. Three classification models which are Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) were trained and evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. Results showed that all models achieved high accuracy, with RF slightly outperforming others. SVM demonstrated superior recall and F1 score, particularly in detecting minority class instances. Both KNN (0.10 Precision, 0.10 Recall, 0.1 F1 Score) and Rf (0 Precision, Recall, 0 F1 Score) achieved the high accuracy of 93.89%, followed by SVM (0.033 Precision, 0.10 Recall, 0.05 F1 Score), achieved the accuracy of 87.04%. In terms of training time, SVM (0.0149s) and KNN (0.0216s) were faster, while the RF model required more time (0.9198s) due to its ensemble structure. Despite achieving promising results, the study faced limitations such as dataset imbalance and the exclusion of clinical data. The findings suggest that ML offers a solution for DBT image quality control and recommend further research incorporating larger datasets and deep learning techniques to enhance generalisability and real-world applicabilit
Optimising inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) parameters for brachytherapy planning dose calculation in oral tongue cancer patients
No full textBrachytherapy plays an essential role in the treatment of oral tongue cancer, providing a high radiation dose directly to the tumor while limiting the exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Inverse Planning Simulated Annealing (IPSA) is an automated optimization algorithm commonly used in brachytherapy, but its performance can be influenced by parameter settings. This study aimed to compare the dosimetric outcomes between Graphical Optimization (GrO) and three different IPSA parameter sets in brachytherapy planning for oral tongue cancer. A retrospective analysis was conducted, where the dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters, specifically GTV (D90) and D2cc for the mandible, pharyngeal constrictor muscle (PCM), and submandibular glands (SMG), were evaluated across different plans. The findings showed that GrO achieved the highest mean GTV D90 of 6.10 Gy, while IPSA 1, IPSA 2, and IPSA 3 recorded mean D90 values of 4.14 Gy, 4.68 Gy, and 5.37 Gy, respectively. A statistically significant differences were found in GTV D90 and D2cc mandible between GrO and IPSA plans. However, for the pharyngeal constrictor muscle, left and right submandibular glands, IPSA 2 and IPSA 3, there are no significance D2cc doses compared to GrO. Although IPSA optimization provided acceptable dose conformity, none of the IPSA parameter sets outperformed GrO in target coverage. IPSA 2 showed a favorable balance between target coverage and normal tissue sparing. As a limitation, this study only analyzed data from a single treatment fraction for each patient due to unavailable multi-fraction data, which may affect the overall interpretation. Future studies should consider collecting and analyzing data for multiple fractions to enhance accuracy and allow for more comprehensive evaluation of IPSA optimization performance in oral tongue cancer brachytherapy. Among the IPSA plans, IPSA 2 is identified as the optimal parameter configuration, offering the best overall balance between tumour coverage and OAR protection. IPSA 3, while achieving higher tumour dose coverage, resulted in increased doses to the OARs, particularly the right and left submandibular glands, highlighting the need for careful trade-off management between target coverage and normal tissue sparing in inverse planning
The effects of psychosocial factors in physical activity promotion among overweight and obese adolescent in Yunnan Province, China using youth physical activity promotion model
No full textAdolescent obesity is a growing public health issue in China, with insufficient physical activity (PA) as a major contributor. Psychosocial factors play a crucial role in shaping children's PA behaviors, but research focusing on overweight and obese adolescents in this region is limited. This study employs the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model (YPAP) to explore the influence of psychosocial factors on PA among overweight and obese adolescent in China. An intervention program combining family and school-based PA strategies was designed to assess its effect on PA levels in adolescent in Zhaotong, Yunnan. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 was a cross-sectional study involving 1,500 adolescents aged 12 to 15 who completed several questionnaires on PA and psychosocial factors. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the relationships between the variables. The final model fit the data well (χ²/df = 2.22, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.03, SRMR = 0.07, NFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.98). The results revealed significant positive relationships between family influence (FI), peer influence (PI), perceived competence (PC), enjoyment, self-efficacy, and PA levels （p 0.05), and mediation analysis showed that the pathway from FI to PA through PC was also non-significant (effect = 0.002, p = 0.566). Additionally, psychosocial factors in the YPAP model displayed variations across different BMI and grade-level groups. Phase 2 involved a randomized controlled trial with 96 participants, who were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with three sessions per week. The interaction effects were significant for FI, PI, enjoyment, self-efficacy, and PA (p< 0.05), with the intervention group showing significantly higher scores than the control group. However, the interaction effect on PC was not significant (p = 0.077). This study highlights significant associations between psychosocial factors and PA among overweight and obese adolescent in China. Self-efficacy, FI, PI, and enjoyment are crucial factors in promoting PA. The YPAP-based intervention is effective in increasing PA levels. Future research should explore mediating or moderating variables and adjust intervention strategies based on BMI and grade-level differences to enhance effectivenes
Effects of mindfulness training on rumination disposition, repetitive thinking, and regulatory anxiety among chinese university tennis players in Jiangxi Province, China
No full textThe present study aims to investigate the impact of mindfulness training (MT)
on the rumination disposition (RD), repetitive thinking (RT), and regulatory anxiety
(RA) among Chinese university tennis players in Jiangxi Province, China. Given the
increasing adoption of MT in sports for performance enhancement, this research
aims to evaluate its effectiveness in this specific population. A two-phase study was
conducted. In Study 1, 460 participants from four universities in Ganzhou City
completed an online questionnaire assessing RD, RT, and RA. Following the
conclusion of the data collection phase, the subsequent analysis were conducted.
Study 2 involved a randomised controlled trial (RCT) where participants from Study
1 were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 30) receiving MT
intervention or a control group (n = 30) maintaining their regular routines. MT
sessions lasted 40 minutes, with twice session a week, totalling 12 sessions. Data on
RD, RT, RA, and SP were collected via questionnaires at baseline, mid-intervention
(week 3), and post-intervention (week 6). Mixed ANOVA was used to analyse the
data, examining time effects, group effects, and time-by-group interaction effects.
The findings revealed significant inter-relationships between RD, RT and RA. The
experimental group showed a significant reduction in RD, RT and RA compared to
the control group. The experimental group also demonstrated significant
improvements in SP. The results suggested that MT is an effective intervention for mitigating negative psychological factors and enhancing SP among Chinese
university tennis players. The reduction in RD, RT and RA aligns with previous
research highlighting the benefits of MT in managing negative thought patterns and
promoting emotional regulation. The observed improvements in SP may be attributed
to enhanced focus, reduced anxiety, and improved mental resilience resulting from
MT. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of MT in improving
psychological well-being and SP among Chinese university tennis players. These
findings support the integration of MT into sports training programs to enhance
athletes' mental resilience and optimize performance. Future research should explore
the long-term effects of MT and investigate its applicability to other sports and
population
Formulation and evaluation of nanoemulgel (in situ) nigella sativaloaded carbon dots for potential periodontal treatment: an in vitro study
No full textPeriodontal disease is an inflammatory condition of the gingiva and/or
periodontium resulting in destruction of attachment apparatus and subsequently tooth
loss. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the biological properties of a novel
nanoemulgel in-situ (NEG-IS) drug delivery system incorporating Nigella sativa
essential oil (NSEO) and carbon dots (CDs). Essential oil was extracted from Nigella
sativa (N. sativa) seeds by hydro-distillation method. CDs were green synthesized
from ginger by hydrothermal method. To obtain optimum concentration of NSEO
and CDs for nanoemulgel formulation, optimization was performed using three
different NSEO:CDs ratios; 9:1, 1:1, 1:9 and assessed for antioxidant and antiinflammatory
properties. NEG-IS gelling system was formulated by optimization
using a three level (low, medium and high) with two factors (poloxamer and
carbopol) full factorial design, that included a statistical design with nine runs. The
phytochemical constituents’ analysis for NSEO was performed using Gas
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS/MS) followed by the
analytical characterization using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, FT-IR Spectroscopy
and Zeta Potential (ZP) measurement. CDs characterization included particle size
evaluation, fluorescence profiling, HR-TEM, SEM-EDX, AFM, XRD, UV-Vis
Spectrophotometry, FT-IR Spectroscopy and ZP measurement. Physico-chemical
characterization of NEG-IS was done to assess its pH, viscosity, gelation time,
gelation temperature, spreadability, syringeability and in-vitro gelling capacity. Other characterizations included globule size distribution, in-vitro drug release kinetics,
UV-Vis spectroscopy FTIR and ZP measurement. Further stability studies for NEGIS
were performed for a period of 1.5 months. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and
antimicrobial properties against selected oral, fungal and periodontal pathogens were
assessed for NSEO, CDs and NEG-IS. Cytotoxicity of NSEO, CDs and NEG-IS was
assessed over human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell lines. Presence of 17 bioactive
compounds in NSEO was confirmed by GC-MS/MS. CDs exhibited mean particle
size of 2.9 nm and other characterization results confirm presence of CDs. NEG-IS
exhibited adequate physico-chemical characteristics and sustained release of the drug
for up to 12 hours, which followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas (K-P) model kinetics that
aligns with Fickian tendencies. NEG-IS was stable at elevated temperature and room
temperature with no significant changes in gel appearance. NSEO, CDs and NEG-IS
exhibited significant biological properties and had less cytotoxicity effects over HGF
cell lines. The developed NEG-IS formulation showed biological properties in-vitro
with the potential to be utilized as therapeutic formulation in future clinical studie
EBB113 PPKBSM, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral (2025) EBB113 Engineering Materials
No full textPPKBSM, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral (2025) EBP314 Resin Manufacturing SEM 2 SA 2024.2025. [Teaching Resource] (Submitted)
No full textPPKBSM, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral (2025) EBP105 Introduction To Statics And Dynamics SEM 1 SA 2024.2025.
No full text
