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Antibiotic use in a co-infection of respiratory syncytial virus and pathogenic bacteria in children in a resource-limited setting in northeast Peninsular Malaysia
Get PDFTo investigate co-infection of bacterial isolates associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children aged less than two years who were admitted to hospital with confirmed lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Kelantan, Malaysia. The demographic data, clinical history, case management, haematological as well as infectious parameters (white blood cell differential and count, plus C-reactive protein, CRP) of the patients were systematically recorded. Less than one-third of cases were RSV-positive (21.03% and 26.23% were diagnosed as acute bronchiolitis or pneumonia, respectively). Blood cultures from approximately 10% of patients demonstrated growth of Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas stutzeri, haemolytic Streptococcus group A, and Bacillus subtilis. Further analysis indicated that children with positive bacterial growth had an insignificant predictive value of CRP (2.32–7.16 mg/dl). The total white cell counts were 2.97-7.33 x 109/L despite increased lymphocyte values in the bacteria-positive blood culture. Platelet counts were also within normal limits except for a single case of H. influenzae infection (685.50 x 109/L). Interestingly, 95.01% of patients were treated with antibiotics; 66.23% of RSV infection cases were administered with a combination of antibiotics and 33.77% with only a single antibiotic. The data indicate that the use of antibiotics, either singly or in combination, is not always effective in treating LRTI in infants. Alternative therapeutic regimens should be considered, especially in Asian countries that may have limited resources
Identifying the original source of megalithic stones in Tambunan using spectral signature technique
Get PDFMegalithic stones are a remnant of the ancient people. An intriguing megalithic stone legacy ought to emphasize the context in which it fits. Consequently, it is necessary to ascertain each megalithic stone’s historical context. This is significant for the archaeologist to obtain true and valid information. In Tambunan, there are numerous myths about megalithic stones. As a result, it is impossible to verify the story’s validity. These days, remote sensing has emerged as a crucial technical instrument for archaeologists to gather spatial data in both broad and localized locations. Prior research has demonstrated the efficacy of remote sensing in identifying archaeological site remnants. Nevertheless, there have never been any investigations utilizing remote sensing in relation to smallsized megalithic stones. Thus, this study employs spectral signature techniques and remote sensing to identify the original source of the megalithic stones discovered in Tambunan. This study carries out the spectral signature of megalithic stones in Tambunan using Sentinel-2A satellite image data with a 5-meter resolution using the SNAP application. Before that, the coordinates and measurements for each megalithic stone were obtained from the ground. The spectral signature of all the megalithic stones was then compared with the spectral signature of the stones near the river or near the hill. The study’s findings demonstrate that the spectral signature of the megalithic stones in question is identical to the stone found in the river near its location. As a result, this study was successful in providing scientific evidence that the river is the source of the megalithic stones in Tambunan, despite the stones’ considerable distance from their site
Kertas konsep kepimpinan distributif pengetua, komuniti pembelajaran profesional virtual, motivasi, dan kepimpinan guru sekolah menengah di Negeri Sabah
Get PDFKertas konsep ini membincangkan empat variabel iaitu kepimpinan distributif pengetua, komuniti pembelajaran profesional virtual, motivasi dan kepimpinan guru sekolah menengah di negeri Sabah. Pendekatan yang akan digunakan dalam kajian ini merupakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan reka bentuk kajian bukan eksperimen. Kaedah kajian yang akan digunakan pula adalah kaedah tinjauan. Seramai 375 orang guru sekolah menengah di seluruh negeri Sabah akan terlibat sebagai sampel kajian yang dipilih menggunakan teknik pensampelan rawak mudah. Data mentah yang diperolehi dengan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik akan dianalisis menggunakan ujian Korelasi Pearson dan Regresi Berganda menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) serta Analisis Laluan menggunakan perisian AMOS (Analysis Moment of Structure). Kajian ini sangat penting untuk dijalankan kerana dapatan yang akan diperolehi nanti akan menjelaskan aspek-aspek yang akan mempengaruhi kepimpinan guru sekolah menengah di negeri Sabah dan langkah-langkah yang sepatutnya bolehlah diambil untuk memperkasa profesion keguruan dan meningkatkan keberkesanan sistem pendidikan negara khususnya daripada aspek kepimpinan guru
Diversity of Diptera in mixed-used agroforestry area of Tun Razak Agricultural Research Centre, Pahang, Malaysia
Get PDFSahrir PRM, Mustaffa MB, Izam NAM, Nasir DM, Hatta SKM, Abdullah NA. 2024. Diversity of Diptera in mixed-used agroforestry area of Tun Razak Agricultural Research Centre, Pahang, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3576-3584. The order Diptera, comprising flies, mosquitoes, midges, and gnats, plays a significant role in the agricultural ecosystem as pests and pollinators. With agricultural activities posing a threat to insect populations globally, there is a need for studies on the potential of managed agroecosystems as habitats for this order. This study provides preliminary information on Diptera diversity in a mixed-used agroforestry area at the Tun Razak Agricultural Research Centre (Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak/PPPTR), Pahang, Malaysia. The diversity assessment was conducted using malaise traps in various areas within the PPPTR, including a small forest fragment, a rubber plantation, an oil palm plantation, and an orchard, over two weeks in February and March 2023 yielded promising results. A total of 1,077 individuals representing 17 families, 36 genera, and 82 morphospecies of Diptera were collected during the research. The most abundant family recorded was Dolichopodidae, with 429 individuals, followed by Phoridae (140 individuals) and Calliphoridae (130 individuals). Notably, rubber plantations exhibited the highest diversity of Diptera (H'=3.228), while forest fragments showed the lowest diversity (H'=2.745), as indicated by the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index. These findings highlight the potential of managed agroforestry areas as crucial Diptera conservation habitats, instilling hope and optimism in the scientific community
The prediction of form four science achievement with online learning and student’s self-efficacy
Get PDFStudent’s self-efficacy and online learning is believed to reflect the confidence to master the learning of science. Proportional stratified random sampling technique was applied to 300 respondents. Quantitative survey was conducted through data collection using a set of 57-item research questions and a 30-item Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) science test. The data was analysed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 26.0. The value of alpha Cronbach reliability in online learning research questions a=0.890, self-efficacy a=0.917, and science achievement test a=0.774. Stepwise multiple regression test results indicated that online learning and student’s self-efficacy contributed 14 percent of the student science achievement, [F (2,297) = 24.246, p<.05]. The regression coefficient showed that both the variables of online learning (β=0.343), and self-efficacy (β=0.315), made a positive contribution to the science achievement of Form Four students. These findings explain that students who are at a high level of online learning and have a high level of self-efficacy also have a higher level of science achievement. It is found in this study that the main predictors of student science achievement are online learning followed by self-efficacy
Keberkesanan pembelajaran berasaskan alam semula jadi terhadap pencapaian matematik awal kanak-kanak prasekolah
Get PDFKajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perbezaan skor min markah antara ujian pra dan pasca terhadap pencapaian matematik awal kanak-kanak prasekolah selepas pelaksanaan pembelajaran berasaskan alam semula jadi. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah berbentuk kajian eksperimen dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang melibatkan seramai 25 orang kanak-kanak prasekolah. Kanak-kanak prasekolah menduduki ujian pra, diikuti dengan intervensi selama 8 minggu dan kemudiannya ujian pasca. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ujian statistik iaitu ujian-T Sampel Berulangan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan skor min markah bagi ujian pra adalah 70.8% dan 94% bagi ujian pasca. Skor min markah meningkat sebanyak 23.2% selepas intervensi pembelajaran berasaskan alam semula jadi dijalankan. Ujian-T Sampel Berulangan juga menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan dalam skor min markah antara ujian pra dan ujian pasca iaitu t (24) = -6.920, k < 0.05. Hasil kajian ini telah membuktikan keberkesanan pembelajaran berasaskan alam semula jadi terhadap pencapaian matematik awal kanak-kanak prasekolah. Implikasinya, intervensi dalam kajian ini dapat menjadi panduan dalam pelaksanaan kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemahiran matematik awal kanak-kanak prasekolah
Socialization of aquaponics techniques for business efficiency at Aling Hydroponic Farm, Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
No full textAquaponics is the application of integrated agricultural techniques between the cultivation of fish and vegetables that are environmentally friendly with efficient use of inputs and optimizing production. Aling Hydroponics Farm has long applied hydroponic techniques for cultivating vegetables, apart from also cultivating fish using fiber ponds. However, the application of these two techniques has not been integrated so that it is not efficient in using production inputs. This international collaborative community service activity aims to socialize aquaponic techniques to Aling Hidroponik Farm partners as an effort to increase the efficiency of resource use in farming. The method of implementing activities uses visits and discussions at hydroponic cultivation and fish cultivation locations. This activity was attended by lecturers from the Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar and lecturers from the Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, students and the community. The results of the activity showed that the participants were very enthusiastic about taking part in the activity, the participants actively asked questions and expressed opinions regarding the opportunities and obstacles to implementing the aquaponic system from economic and social aspect
Synthesis, characterization, and liquid crystalline behavior of ester-Schiff base derivatives attached to nonyl and tetradecyl terminal chains
No full textIn this study, a series of ester and Schiff base derivatives, (E)-4-((4-n)benzylidene)amino) phenyl-4-nitrobenzoate, was successfully synthesized and characterized. These derivatives consist of nonyl and tetradecyl groups at the end of their chains. The research was done with three reaction schemes: alkylation, condensation, and esterification. All the synthesized compounds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and CHN elemental analysis. Observation under POM showed that the final compounds with nonyl and tetradecyl terminal chains exhibited a smectic A (SmA) phase in both cycles. These results were further verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to confirm the mesophase’s transition temperature. The structure-property relationship investigations showed the mesogenic compounds to exhibit liquid crystal properties due to the linearity of the molecules, which maintain the rigidity of the core system. In addition, a high number of electronegativity atoms attached resulted in the compound having a high polarizability that induced the liquid crystal behavior
Issues, challenges and future of female employees at the hotel industry in sabah: a post covid-19 investigation
No full textThe hotel industry is one of the industries that was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic due to the global shut down of travel and tourism throughout the pandemic. This inevitably affected the hotel industry and the numerous employees in the female-dominated industry. The impact of COVID-19 on the hotel industry and female employment in the industry is likewise observed in Sabah, a touristic state in Malaysia. This study aimed to investigate the issues and challenges faced by female employes to remain in the hotel industry in Sabah during the pandemic. In addition, the study also revealed the future prospects for women in the hotel industry following the pandemic. In order to uncover the insights of female employees in the hotel industry, a qualitative research design was employed. Purposive sampling was used to recruit respondents who worked in the hotel industry when the COVID-19 pandemic hit the nation and when the hotel industry started to re-open in Malaysia. A total of 12 female employees in the hotel industry in Sabah were interviewed to investigate their experiences as hotel employees. The data were then transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed the issues and challenges faces by female employees included the bleak outlook for the industry, having to achieve work targets, and managing team members. The findings of this study contributed to gender studies of the hotel especially in the midst of crisis and provide ideas for elevating women in the hostel industry
Esscom dan penculikan untuk tebusan di pantai timur Sabah, Malaysia
No full textSabah merupakan sebuah negeri di Malaysia yang berhadapan dengan ancaman keselamatan terutama dari negara jiran. Salah satu ancaman tersebut adalah insiden jenayah rentas sempadan seperti penculikan bertujuan mendapatkan wang tebusan atau lebih dikenali sebagai Kidnap for Ransom (KFR). Kekerapan KFR terjadi menimbulkan kekhuatiran dalam kalangan masyarakat setempat mengenai keselamatan sehari-sehari. Bukan itu sahaja, ia turut membelenggu para pelancong yang datang melawat negeri ini khususnya di kawasan yang terlibat. Bagi menangani hal ini, kerajaan telah mengambil pendekatan yang proaktif dengan menubuhkan Eastern Sabah Security Command bagi mengawal jenayah KFR daripada semakin berleluasa. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa salah satu sebab penubuhan ESSCOM adalah untuk menangani KFR. Berdasarkan kenyataan ini, makalah ini cuba untuk mengulas, membincangkan, dan menjelaskan jenayah KFR, faktor yang menyebabkan berlakunya KFR di perairan pantai timur Sabah (kebanjiran pendatang tanpa izin; kurangnya pengawasan anggota keselamatan di kawasan terbabit, jenayah rentas sempadan tradisional seperti penyeludupan barang bersubsidi dan lain-lain), keberkesanan ESSCOM dalam membendungnya. Selain itu, makalah ini berusaha mengenal pasti keterlibatan agensi-agensi lain, suntikan dana kerajaan, peralatan, kerjasama diplomatik, peranan masyarakat setempat dan lain-lain yang berkaitan dalam membendung jenayah KFR ini di kawasan ini