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Microbiota impact Drosophila ageing via Acetobacter, Tachykinin, and TkR99D
Get PDFThis important study demonstrates that in Drosophila melanogaster, tachykinin (Tk) expression is regulated by the microbiota. The authors present convincing evidence that axenic flies raised with no microbiota are longer-lived than conventionally reared animals, and that Tk expression and Tk receptors in the nervous system are required for this effect. They further test individual bacterial strains for their role in these effects and connect the effect to loss of lipid stores and suggest that FOXO may be involved in the phenotype, results that are of interest to the fields of environmental perception, host microbiome interactions, and geroscience
The effect of particle–substrate adsorption on the deposition of particles from a thin evaporating sessile droplet
Get PDFA mathematical model for the evaporation of, the flow within, and the deposition from, a thin, pinned sessile droplet undergoing either spatially uniform or diffusion-limited evaporation is formulated and analysed. Specifically, we obtain explicit expressions for the concentration of particles within the bulk of the droplet, and describe the behaviour of the concentration of particles adsorbed onto the substrate as well as the evolution of the masses within the bulk of the droplet, adsorbed onto the substrate, and in the ring deposit that can form at the contact line. In particular, we show that the presence of particle–substrate adsorption suppresses the formation of a ring deposit at the contact line for spatially uniform, but not for diffusion-limited, evaporation. However, in both scenarios, the final adsorbed deposit is more concentrated near to the contact line of the droplet when radial advection due to evaporation dominates particle–substrate adsorption, but is more concentrated near to the centre of the droplet when particle–substrate adsorption dominates radial advection due to evaporation. In addition, in an appendix, we investigate the formation of a ring deposit at the contact line for a rather general form of the local evaporative flux, and show that the presence of particle–substrate adsorption suppresses the formation of the ring deposit that can otherwise occur when the local evaporative flux is non-singular at the contact line
Fraser, Mr John (Mgr Iain Friseal), Dean of the Isles and minister of Tiree, Coll and Iona, born, c. 1647. Died c.1702
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Re-examining the ancient roots of the concept of intellectual virtue
No full textContemporary scholars working in virtue epistemology profess to take inspiration and build on the ancient Greek conception of intellectual virtues. In this paper, I show that, despite their claim, contemporary models of intellectual virtue differ in notable ways from the ancient Greek account of the concept. I pinpoint two major differences between the ancient Greek conception of intellectual virtues and the contemporary understandings of the term. These amount to (a) what the term of intellectual virtues includes and (b) the location of the value of intellectual virtues. I argue that re-examining the philosophical history of the concept of intellectual virtue can have significant positive implications for contemporary virtue epistemology. Indicatively, I show that it could lead to the development of theories that maintain that intellectual excellences are conducive to leading a good life because their activity is constitutive of the human good—instead of locating their value, as contemporary virtue epistemologists currently do, in the epistemic goods that they enable the agent to acquire and/or in the agent's epistemic motivations
Testbeam analysis of biasing structures for irradiated hybrid pixel detectors
Get PDFJournal of Instrumentation
The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), find out more.
paper • The following article isOpen access
Testbeam analysis of biasing structures for irradiated hybrid pixel detectors
A.G. Rennie, C.M. Buttar, Y. Gao, R. González López, D. Maneuski, E. Pender, Q. Qin, M. Sullivan, J.T. Taylor and K. Wraight
Published 31 January 2025 • © 2025 The Author(s)
Journal of Instrumentation, Volume 20, January 2025
Citation A.G. Rennie et al 2025 JINST 20 P01029
DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/20/01/P01029
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Abstract
Following the Phase-II upgrade during Long Shutdown (LS3), the LHC aims to reach a peak instantaneous luminosity of 7.5× 1034 cm-2 s-1, which corresponds to an average of around 200 inelastic proton-proton collisions per beam-crossing (every 25 ns). To cope with these conditions, the ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by a new all-silicon system — the Inner Tracker (ITk). The ITk will be operational for more than ten years, during which time ATLAS is expected to record approximately 4000 fb-1 of data. The ITk's pixel sub-system is based on hybrid pixel modules with new silicon sensors and readout chips. These studies focus on testbeam campaigns undertaken to study the spatial resolution and efficiencies of hybrid pixel detector modules based on the first large-structure prototype front-end readout chip — the RD53A — using planar silicon sensors. These devices have been irradiated to replicate the effect of the high radiation environment present during operation in the ATLAS detector. Results for devices using sensors with different punch-through bias structures and using different readout modes are summarised. Those with sensors incorporating a punch-through bias structure are found to exhibit systematically lower efficiency than those without, as a result of local areas of relative inefficiency around the punch-through dots. Despite this, all devices measured are found to satisfy the requirement of 97% efficiency at Vbias = 400 V after being irradiated to end-of-life fluence
Building a Sustainable Future: how to Redesign and Reduce Waste in the Microbiology Curriculum
No full textStaging Class Conflict in the UK
Get PDFThis Element focuses on the frequent staging of the most precarious fraction of the working class in the context of a theatre industry, academy and audiences that are dominated by the cultural fraction of the middle class. It interrogates the staging of an abjectified figure as a means of challenging the stigmatisation of the poor in political discourse, defined here as an ideological imaginary of moral and cultural deficit. The Element argues that in seeking to subvert such an imaginary, theatre that stages the abjectified subject may risk consolidating two further imaginaries of working class deficit that have been confected in political discourse from the 1990s to the 2020s. In conclusion, the Element reflects on the political potential of theatre that rather seeks to eradicate class descriptors, conflicts and hierarchies altogether
Political parties and the use of digitalization in daily politics: introduction to the special issue
Get PDFThis special issue examines how digital tools influence the characteristics and functions of political parties by looking at three specific dimensions: intra-party communication, attitudes towards digitalization, and the use of digital tools in different institutional arenas. It advances our understanding of party digitalization in three significant ways. First, the collection of articles aims to shift the focus of party digitalization to everyday politics, complementing the traditional emphasis on the impact of digital technologies on party competition and election campaigns. Second, it covers the understudied impact of digital tools on political parties' parliamentary activities. Third, this special issue makes a distinctive contribution by examining the demand side of party digitalization with a focus on party members
Early use of targeted blood patch in spontaneous intracranial hypotension presenting with bilateral subdural hematomas and acute infarcts
Get PDFBackground: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a rare but important condition characterized by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, typically presenting with postural headaches. In severe cases, SIH can result in subdural hematomas (SDHs), brain herniation, and acute infarcts. The 2023 SIH guidelines recommend starting with nontargeted epidural blood patches as the initial treatment, with up to two attempts before considering a targeted patch. Nontargeted patches are effective in most cases by distributing blood widely in the epidural space. However, in rapidly deteriorating patients, targeted blood patches may be necessary, especially when a specific leak site has been identified. This report highlights the importance of timely, targeted interventions in severe SIH cases.
Case Description: A 34-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of worsening headaches, impaired mobility, and stupor. On admission, his Glasgow Coma Scale was 12, which rapidly deteriorated to 5. Imaging revealed bilateral chronic SDHs, cerebellar tonsillar herniation, and signs of intracranial hypotension despite no history of trauma or anticoagulant use. Initial surgical evacuation of the hematomas failed to improve the patient’s neurological status. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography myelogram identified a CSF leak at the T12 level. Given the patient’s critical state and rapid neurological decline, we opted for a targeted epidural blood patch at the L1/2 level. This intervention led to significant clinical improvement, with follow-up imaging demonstrating a reduction in the subdural collections and resolution of the leak. The patient fully recovered and remained asymptomatic at a 6-month follow-up.
Conclusion: This case highlights the need for flexibility in SIH management, particularly in severe cases with acute neurological decline. While nontargeted blood patches are typically recommended, early use of a targeted patch when imaging identifies the leak can lead to faster resolution and improved outcomes. Personalized treatment strategies are essential for managing complex SIH presentations and preventing further neurological complications
Photoperiod-driven testicular DNA methylation in gonadotropin and sex steroid receptor promoters in Siberian hamsters
Get PDFSeasonal cycles in breeding, often orchestrated by annual changes in photoperiod, are common in nature. Here, we studied how change in photoperiod affects DNA methylation in the testes of a highly seasonal breeder: the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). We hypothesized that DNA methylation in promoter regions associated with key reproductive genes such as follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in the testes is linked to breeding and non-breeding states. Using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, we identified more than 10 million (10,151,742) differentially methylated cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites in the genome between breeding long photoperiod and non-breeding short photoperiod conditions. ShinyGo enrichment analyses identified biological pathways consisting of reproductive system, hormone-mediated signalling and gonad development. We found that short photoperiod induced DNA methylation in the promoter regions for androgen receptor (Ar), estrogen receptors (Esr1, Esr2), kisspeptin1 receptor (kiss1r) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (Fshr). Long photoperiods were observed to have higher DNA methylation in promoters for basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1), progesterone receptor (Pgr) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (Tshr). Our findings provide insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying seasonal adaptations in timing reproduction in Siberian hamsters and could be informative for understanding male fertility and reproductive disorders in mammals
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