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Bias in data-driven replicability analysis of univariate brain-wide association studies
Get PDFRecent studies have used big neuroimaging datasets to answer an important question: how many subjects are required for reproducible brain-wide association studies? These data-driven approaches could be considered a framework for testing the reproducibility of several neuroimaging models and measures. Here we test part of this framework, namely estimates of statistical errors of univariate brain-behaviour associations obtained from resampling large datasets with replacement. We demonstrate that reported estimates of statistical errors are largely a consequence of bias introduced by random effects when sampling with replacement close to the full sample size. We show that future meta-analyses can largely avoid these biases by only resampling up to 10% of the full sample size. We discuss implications that reproducing mass-univariate association studies requires tens-of-thousands of participants, urging researchers to adopt other methodological approaches
Exploring the potential of cross-border energy trade in SAARC countries for achieving sustainable development goals (SGDs)
Get PDFSouth Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) aims to develop a ring for sustainable generation of energy that caters for the needs of the member nations. Being a primarily underdeveloped region, the union of SAARC countries is facing a serious energy crisis, owing to rapid increase in population and industrialization. All the member countries predominantly rely upon imported fossil fuels for power generation. In line with the vision of SAARC, this research explores the potential of renewable energy and provides a quantitative cross-border electricity trade assessment and its social-economical-technical (SET) impact on the SAARC region. The research presented in this article signifies the need for cross-border electricity trade to fulfill the ever-increasing demand-supply gap in the region by providing a rudimentary framework. This approach has the viable potential for alleviating the substandard quality of life in the region. The paper highlights near-border cities of SAARC countries that can potentially perform cross-border electricity trade in the SAARC region. In the first phase, near-border cities of the SAARC countries are highlighted. Moreover, as a part of social impact, this study analyzes the social needs of energy suppliers and receiving regions and maps it with the United Nations' sustainable development goals. The SDG mapping process is based on the societal needs of the supplier and receiver countries. The societal needs are assessed and mapped with the corresponding SDGs. Results reveal that India can potentially provide power to the neighboring countries through wind and solar power generating 125.9 million US dollars and providing 2485 GWh of energy which is 85% of the total generation in the SAARC region which is 2896.51 GWh. A total of 2.2 Ton/GWh of CO2 mitigation can be achieved through green generation whereas 13 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be achieved through social impacts between the energy trading countries
Interweaving and intervening: walking-with “hidden” histories of empire in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow
Get PDFThis article is informed by and contributes to the recent groundswell of research on the affordances and limitations, opportunities and challenges of walking. Crucially, it brings these concerns into dialogue with critical heritage studies, establishing a discursive field at the intersection of scholarship on walking, memory, heritage, and public history. It does so by discussing an ongoing practice-led research project that centers on creating, leading, and evaluating historical walking tours and self-guided trails of a large public park in Glasgow, Scotland, using this site as a way to interrogate the city’s connections to empire. The author argues that walking can be a tool for interweaving under-represented histories—here, histories of slavery, colonialism and imperialism—into dominant heritage discourses, and through such an intervention lay bare the dissonance between presence and absence that underpins constructions and expressions of heritage. This leads to the theorization of walking as a critical heritage practice—a means of actively scrutinizing the politics of remembrance and forgetting. Therefore, this article presents a case study that can inform similar efforts to increase public knowledge of so-called hidden and forgotten histories and, by extension, promote critical engagement with sites of civic memory and critical understanding of heritage as a social and cultural process that harnesses the past in order to construct a sense of place, belonging, and identity in the present
Discipline-specific employability skills and awareness via the virtual learning environment: an innovative and transferable approach
No full textNo abstract available
Visual impact damage monitoring enhancement of curved composite panels using thin-ply hybrid composite sensors
Get PDFThe wide application of curved composite profiles across various industries raises questions about transferring findings from standardised tests to curved structures. Particularly for low-velocity impacts, understanding the deformation and damage behaviour of curved structures is crucial to achieve their lightweight potential. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites often show no surface visible damage after low-energy impacts, but barely visible impact damage (BVID) can compromise load-bearing capacity under continuous loads. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of self-reporting thin-ply hybrid composites as coating layers for structural health monitoring in curved panels, focusing specifically on enhancing the visual detection of BVID. Quasi-isotropic curved composite panels made from IM7 carbon/8552 epoxy were first manufactured, and their mechanical response under quasi-static indentation was analysed and compared to flat panels. Next, a hybrid composite—comprising a layer of unidirectional S-glass/epoxy and thin-ply YS-90A carbon/epoxy—was applied to the outer surfaces of the curved panels. To simulate a real-world application, the curved panels were designed with dimensions similar to those of composite hydrogen storage tanks. The results indicate that the hybrid composite sensors functioned satisfactorily and provided direct correlations between visible surface damage on the surface and BVID. The visual inspection results are connected to data obtained from the load-displacement graphs, enabling a thorough analysis of sensor performance in visualising different stages of BVID
Measurement of the branching fraction ratios R(D+) and R(D*+) using muonic τ decays
Get PDFThe branching fraction ratios of B¯ 0 → D+τ−ν¯ τ and B¯ 0 → D+τ−ν¯ τ decays are measured with
respect to their muonic counterparts, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
2.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV. The reconstructed
final states are formed by combining D+ mesons with τ− → μ−ν¯μντ candidates, where the D+ is
reconstructed via the D+ → K−π+π+ decay. The results are R(D+) = 0.249 ± 0.043 ± 0.047,
R(D*+) = 0.402 ± 0.081 ± 0.085, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
The two measurements have a correlation coefficient of −0.39 and are compatible with the standard model
Search for triple Higgs boson production in the 6b final state using pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Get PDFA search for the production of three Higgs bosons (HHH) in the bbb¯ bb¯ b¯ final state is presented. The
search uses 126 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at
the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis targets both nonresonant and resonant production of HHH. The
resonant interpretations primarily consider a cascade decay topology of X → SH → HHH with masses of
the new scalars X and S up to 1.5 and 1 TeV, respectively. In addition to scenarios where S is off-shell, the
nonresonant interpretation includes a search for Standard Model HHH production, with limits on the
trilinear and quartic Higgs self-coupling set. No evidence for HHH production is observed. An upper limit
of 59 fb is set, at the 95% confidence level, on the cross section for Standard Model HHH productio
Assessing the concentration, distribution and characteristics of suspended microplastics in the Malaysian indoor environment
Get PDFThis study examines the concentration, distribution, and characteristics of suspended microplastics (MPs) across various indoor environments in Malaysia, including offices, classrooms, landed homes, and apartments. Over a six-week period, MPs were collected using a vacuum pump and analyzed through gravimetric analysis, stereomicroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed significant variability in MPs concentrations among different locations, with fibers identified as the predominant morphological type. The average counts of MPs in the respective environments were found to be 599 ± 182 in offices, 399 ± 52 in classrooms, 505.17 ± 203.78 in apartments, and 515 ± 134 in landed homes. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in MPs counts across the sampled locations. Fibers were consistently the most prevalent shape, followed by films and foams. The MPs were predominantly transparent, with sizes ranging from 101 to 500 μm. Notably, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of MPs was significantly higher in residential settings compared to offices and classrooms, raising potential health concerns regarding prolonged exposure. These findings underscore the pervasive presence of MPs in the Malaysian indoor environment and emphasize the urgent need for further research to identify their sources, assess health impacts, and develop effective mitigation strategies
Large-scale environmental drivers of kelp biofouling based on literature data
Get PDFMacroalgae are increasingly studied for their critical contributions to coastal ecosystems, their potential to mitigate climate change, and their promise as a sustainable food source. While wild macroalgae host diverse epiphytic and invertebrate epibiont communities that enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, biofouling epibionts on farmed macroalgae can negatively impact growth, physiology, and product quality. Although an increasing number of longitudinal studies are trying to establish the drivers of macroalgae biofouling, localized approaches lack sufficient contrasts in environmental conditions to reveal macroecological patterns in epibiont occurrence. To gain these contrasts, we analyze data on macroalgae and epibiont taxonomy, study location, and environmental conditions that we have compiled from a systematic literature review and from Marine Copernicus and NASA-OBPG databases of marine data. Our results show that 58.18% of macroalgae epibiont studies focus on the North-East Atlantic coast, which is particularly useful in understanding the potential for the expansion of seaweed aquaculture in this region. Bryozoan fouling depends on sea surface temperature (SST) and an increased biofouling risk was predicted for latitudes greater than 58° in the NE Atlantic coast and around coastal areas in Scotland with cold freshwater inflows. Hydrozoans and gastropods showed a higher probability of occurring on farmed or planted as opposed to wild kelp, whereas gastropods tended to be absent at salinities lower than 30 psu. Our findings provide a first basis for understanding seaweed biofouling risks in the North-East Atlantic and can serve for the spatial planning of the positioning of new seaweed farms
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