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Survival in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer Compared with Children and Adults in Europe: a EUROCARE6 Study
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Takotsubo syndrome: cognitive behavioural therapy, physical training, and brain function recovery in the BREAKOUT trial
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Climate policy costs, regional politics, and backlash against international cooperation
Get PDFThis paper investigates the conditions under which subnational concerns shape public assessments of international climate governance. In line with existing literature, we maintain that costly policy adjustments fuel negative views of international co-operation in policy-exposed regions. At the same time, we argue that the more resentful relations are with the national center of politics, the more sympathetic these regions are to international institutions and global governance. Based on geographically targeted survey data from the United Kingdom, we find that fossil fuel-intensive regions with strong, institutionalized regional politics have more positive assessments of international climate co-operation than structurally similar regions where regional political institutions are less pronounced. The findings show that regional politics characteristics are key for understanding climate policy beliefs among citizens that bear the brunt of adjustments to international climate agreements
Recurrent somatic mutation and progerin expression in early vascular aging of chronic kidney disease
Get PDFEarly vascular aging plays a central role in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its molecular causes remain unclear. Somatic mutations accumulate in various cells with age, yet their functional contribution to aging tissues is not well understood. Here we found progerin, the protein responsible for the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, steadily recurring in vascular smooth muscle cells of patients with CKD. Notably, the most common progeria-causing mutation, LMNA c.1824C>T, was identified as a somatic mutation in CKD arteries. Clusters of proliferative progerin-expressing cells in CKD arteries and in vivo lineage-tracing in mice revealed clonal expansion capacity of mutant cells. Mosaic progerin expression contributed to genomic damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress and senescence in CKD arteries and resulted in vascular aging phenotypes in vivo. These findings suggest that certain somatic mutations may be clonally expanded in the arterial wall, contributing to the disease-related functional decline of the tissue
Mobility and intrinsic performance of silicon-based nanosheet FETs at 3 nm CMOS and beyond
Get PDFNanosheet Field-Effect Transistors (NSFETs) have been introduced in the 3 nm CMOS technology due to their advantages over the FinFET technology. In this paper, using our in-house Nano Electronics Simulation Software (NESS), we explore the carrier mobility and the intrinsic performance of NSFETs for different channel orientations. The effective masses for different cross-sections and channel orientations are extracted from the first principal simulations. The mobility and the intrinsic performance are evaluated using the effective mass approximation based non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) simulation module of NESS. The proposed work provides insight into the optimized NSFET design considerations suitable for 3 nm and further technology nodes
Loss of colonic fidelity enables multilineage plasticity and metastasis
Get PDFCancer cell plasticity enables the acquisition of new phenotypic features and is implicated as a major driver of metastatic progression 1,2 . Metastasis occurs mostly in the absence of additional genetic alterations 3–5 , which suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are important 6 . However, they remain poorly defined. Here we identify the chromatin-remodelling enzyme ATRX as a key regulator of colonic lineage fidelity and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Atrx loss promotes tumour invasion and metastasis, concomitant with a loss of colonic epithelial identity and the emergence of highly plastic mesenchymal and squamous-like cell states. Combined analysis of chromatin accessibility and enhancer mapping identified impairment of activity of the colonic lineage-specifying transcription factor HNF4A as a key mediator of these observed phenotypes. We identify squamous-like cells in human patient samples and a squamous-like expression signature that correlates with aggressive disease and poor patient prognosis. Collectively, our study defines the epigenetic maintenance of colonic epithelial identity by ATRX and HNF4A as suppressors of lineage plasticity and metastasis in colorectal cancer
Flexible and twistable ZnMn2O4-electrodeposited yarn supercapacitors for wearable electronics
Get PDFThe growing demand for wearable electronics has driven interest in flexible fiber-based supercapacitors (F-SCs) as power sources, offering tunable sizes, adaptable shapes, and versatile design possibilities. This study presents the fabrication of a highly flexible and twistable fiber-shaped yarn supercapacitor (F-SC) via direct electrodeposition of ternary metal-oxide nanostructures (ZnMn2O4) onto flexible and conductive carbon yarn substrates. The uniform growth of ZnMn2O4 nanostructures on the carbon yarn not only enhances the capacitive performance of the fabricated devices but also significantly enhances the mechanical integrity of the electrodes, ensuring excellent bending and electrochemical stability for the F-SC device. The device exhibits a high areal capacitance of 87.6 mF/cm2 at a scan rate of 10 mV/s and 35.4 mF/cm2 at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2. Furthermore, it retains 92% of its capacitance after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles, achieving energy and power densities of 11 μWh/cm2 and 385 μW/cm2, and maintaining consistent performance under varying bending and twisting conditions. This work offers a simple, cost-effective, and efficient strategy for developing flexible and twistable fiber electrodes using a straightforward electrodeposition process. The fabricated electrodes hold great potential in developing flexible energy storage technologies and enabling seamless integration into next-generation portable and wearable electronics
Evaluation of health-related quality of life in cats with chronic kidney disease
Get PDFObjectives:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and integrate these results with clinical data to identify factors associated with decreased HRQoL.
Methods:
Caregivers completed a validated HRQoL tool (VetMetrica) and clinical data (history, laboratory work, physical examination findings, etc) were collected. Vitality, comfort and emotional wellbeing (EWB) scores were compared between groups using non-parametric analyses as appropriate.
Results:
Data from 24 healthy cats and 68 cats with CKD were collected. Cats with CKD had significantly lower median vitality, comfort and EWB scores (vitality: 41.7, range 4.3–64; comfort: 36.1, range 21.2–59.6; EWB: 44.6, range 1.6–58.8) than healthy cats (vitality: 56.5, range 40.7–64; comfort: 59.6, range 34.2–59.6; EWB: 58.7, range 45.1–58.8) (P <0.0001 for all analyses). Cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 3 and 4 CKD had lower median EWB scores (30.8, range 1.6–54.4) than IRIS stage 1 and 2 CKD (47.3, range 11.2–58.8) (P = 0.04) and lower vitality scores (38.2, range 4.3–54.0) in comparison with IRIS stage 1 and 2 CKD (43.1, range 12.8–64.0) (P = 0.04). Cats with anaemia had lower median EWB scores (25.9, range 10.4–54.4) than those without (46.6, range 1.6–58.8) (P = 0.005), and haematocrit was positively correlated with EWB (P = 0.005, r = 0.33). Cats with abnormal appetite had lower median EWB scores (29.1, range 1.6–56.7) than cats with normal appetite (48.1, range 11.2–58.8) (P = 0.001). Cats with constipation had lower median comfort scores 29.5 (range 21.2–59.5) (P = 0.0003) and lower median EWB scores (22, range 1.6–58.8) (P = 0.008) than those without (comfort: 37.1, range 25.3–59.6; EWB: 47.9, range 11.2–58.8).
Conclusions and relevance:
Cats with CKD have decreased HRQoL. Several modifiable clinical factors are associated with this decreased HRQoL
Not only for REF: open research indicators enable institutions support good research practice
Get PDFIt is hard to monitor any aspect of research in a way that is simultaneously valid, reliable,
ethical and practical. The challenges are compounded if monitoring may lead to actions,
such as resource allocation, that benefit some more than others. The challenges are further
compounded if the required data are distributed across the research system, fragmented,
incomplete, unreliable, and of uncertain provenance. This workshop explores findings and
lessons from six UK Reproducibility Network pilots that explored how best to monitor trends
and patterns in diverse aspects of open research. These pilots were novel partnerships
between 15 research organisations and five service providers. They covered open data,
FAIR data, data availability statements, the effects of sharing data, the use of pre-registration
and of the CRediT taxonomy for author contributions. Despite facing significant challenges,
they revealed the monitoring requirements of institutions, the availability and reliability of
data to underpin indicators meeting those requirements, and the changes that would need to
be made to improve that situation. The pilots show a clear need for all stakeholders to
cooperate to agree standards and improve the maturity of indicators for open research
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