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New tools for old habits: how whistleblowing works in organizations
No full textWhistleblowing in private and public sector organizations has gained momentum in the last decade. Most theories seeking to explain why some employees report wrongdoings largely disregard the interaction between the cognitive and emotional components of this decision. Our article addresses this gap in the literature and proposes a theoretical model that was initially developed in cognitive psychology and accounts for such an interaction. We explore empirically its relevance in the case of private and public sector employees in Romania, which is the least likely case for the use of whistleblowing. We use data from semi-structured interviews conducted with employees from the private and public sector. The key findings contribute to the debates on whistleblowing as a specific regulator in organizations: emotions and cognition have high explanatory power; the irrational beliefs matter in developing emotional and behavioral consequences for potential whistleblowers; and the organizational support is crucial in disputing these irrational beliefs
Are We Doing Enough to Support Our First-year Undergraduate Students in ITE? Reflections from Two New Course Leaders
No full textNo abstract available
Noncontact respiratory abnormality monitoring: a hybrid empirical mode and variational mode decomposition approach with software-defined radio and deep learning
No full textRespiratory signals are essential vital signs for monitoring conditions, where interrupted respiration can greatly affect health. Software-defined radio (SDR) offers a nonintrusive method for detecting respiratory patterns by observing minor chest wall movements. However, impediments such as disruption, dc components, and respiratory harmonics impede the precise identification of abnormal respiratory patterns like sleep apnea events. The proposed respiratory monitoring system employs SDR technology while utilizing empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) signal processing methods for effective signal separation and better mode decompositions with Kalman filtering for dc component management. Signal separation becomes better while mode mixing reduction and dc component handling improve efficiently through the integration of a Kalman filter. The proposed system performs real-time respiratory signal extraction while maintaining sub-second processing latency while it achieves high accuracy for recognizing normal, slow, and fast breathing patterns with sleep apnea event detection capabilities. Performance evaluation using Bland-Altman analysis indicates strong agreement with reference respiratory rates (RRs). The convolutional neural network (CNN)-bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model—employed for identifying respiratory patterns—achieved an exceptional performance with an accuracy of 99.4%. This contactless approach demonstrates the feasibility of continuous respiratory pattern detection and presents a feasible application in clinical diagnosis and health monitoring systems
Advances in the critical care management for patients with hematological malignancies
No full textHematological malignancies (HMs) are increasingly associated with life-threatening complications requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management. Recent advancements in therapies, diagnostics, and critical care protocols have improved outcomes for these patients, yet significant challenges persist. This manuscript explores the evolving landscape of critical care in hematology, emphasizing the unique complications, management strategies, and future directions in the field. Patients with HMs are particularly vulnerable to infections, sepsis, organ dysfunction, and treatment-related toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and coagulopathies. Innovations in the management of acute respiratory failure, septic shock, and invasive fungal infections have contributed to better survival rates, yet outcomes remain suboptimal for certain high-risk groups. Furthermore, new therapies, including CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, present both opportunities and challenges in the ICU setting due to their potential toxicities. Emerging trends emphasize the importance of early ICU admission, multidisciplinary collaboration, and precision medicine in improving patient care. The integration of biomarker-driven strategies, advanced diagnostics, and artificial intelligence holds promise for optimizing therapeutic interventions and enhancing antimicrobial stewardship. Additionally, patient-centered approaches, including time-limited trials and goal-oriented discussions, aim to balance aggressive care with quality-of-life considerations. This review underscores the need for continued research to address disparities in access to care, improve long-term outcomes, and develop standardized protocols for managing critically ill hematology patients. By advancing the integration of oncology and critical care, clinicians can better navigate the complexities of modern therapies and provide holistic, evidence-based care that aligns with patient values and priorities
Multimodal Analysis of Disagreement in Dyadic Conversations: an Approach Based on Emotion Recognition
Get PDFThis article proposes a multimodal approach for the detection of disagreement in dyadic conversations, where disagreement means that people express different opinions about a topic under discussion. The key-assumption underlying the work is that people tend to manifest different emotions depending on whether they are disagreeing or not. Therefore, emotions can provide evidence that disagreement is taking place. The experiments were performed over a corpus of 684 clips involving 60 dyads (120 persons and roughly 8 hours of speech). Each clip revolves around a decision-making task and it is annotated in terms of the percentage of time people spend in disagreement. For the sake of reproducibility, the Glasgow Disagreement Corpus, the data used in the experiments, has been made accessible through a link available in the paper. The results show that a multimodal approach based on language and paralanguage can predict such a percentage with Mean Absolute Error 9.7 and correlation 0.52 between actual and predicted percentage of time spent in disagreement
Compassionate cites and compassionate communities: a critical interpretative review
Get PDFThe emergence of ‘compassionate cities’ and ‘compassionate communities’ (CCC) as social movements has become a pronounced development in public health approaches to the end-of-life. Drawing on the World Health Organisations’ Ottawa Charter, it contends that end-of-life care has become individualised and medicalised and promotes the ‘rediscovery’ of community approaches. Drawing on a range of sociological theory insights, it deploys a ‘critical interpretative’ analytic approach to literature identified in a narrative review. The paper aims to question the affirmative consensus that exists around CCC by building on the emergence of critical themes have recently emerged in various meta-reviews. This analysis identifies tensions and inconsistencies between the ideals of The Ottawa Charter, CCC practice and a relatively superficial and uncritical deployment of theory, particularly in relation to its status as a conservative or radical movement. The paper concludes by suggesting constructive ways forward
Epigenetic regulation of inflammation in post-operative organ dysfunction: a scoping review protocol
Get PDFIntroduction:
The inflammatory response to surgery is complex, dynamic and exhibits variability in magnitude and duration among patients undergoing similar operations. Dysregulated inflammation is associated with post-operative complications such as organ dysfunction, particularly after major surgery. Epigenetic modifications enhance (or suppress) selective gene transcription without altering DNA sequences, effectively regulating
gene expression. Several studies have investigated epigenetic regulation of the immune system in the context of surgery, often studying organ-specific dysfunction.
Objectives:
We propose a novel scoping review protocol to collate and synthesise existing studies investigating epigenetic regulation of post-operative inflammation, as a key mechanism of post-operative organ dysfunction and complications. We will map knowledge gaps to inform future research in this emerging field.
Methods and analysis:
This scoping review protocol has been created following the Joanna Brigg’s Institute (JBI) updated guidelines for conducting scoping reviews. The protocol has been further examined alongside the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and is registered on Open Science Framework (doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CE8FB).
Published human studies from 1946 to the present will be considered. Studies will include patients undergoing surgery, where epigenetic regulation of the immune system is investigated alongside assessment of organ dysfunction or complications. Searches will be conducted using Medline (via OVID) and Embase. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts of studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Following study screening, a customised data extraction form will collect
study information related to the review questions and inclusion criteria (population, concept, context). Results will be presented by diagrammatic mapping of studies and tabular representation of findings
What postcolonial sociology forgets: recovering the materialist tradition of anti-colonial critique
Get PDFIn this essay I call for the re-engagement of a tradition of black radical and anticolonial writing which sought to develop a specifically materialist account of colonial ideologies. For the writers in that tradition, such as C.L.R. James, Walter Rodney, Frantz Fanon and the early Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, the crucial de-reifying move was to show that particular forms of knowledge, particular ways of making sense of the world, were a determinate consequence of the racialised structures of exploitation which capitalist imperialism established and sustained. In doing so those writers moved in a direction that was radically different from that which has tended to characterize post- and decolonial approaches as these have been taken up in sociology. In those more recent approaches our ways of knowing, naming and describing the social world have tended to be framed as centrally constitutive features of that world, and capitalism has been accorded at most a heavily caveated, at worst a non-existent, analytical significance. Through a contrapuntal reading of representative voices from these intellectual traditions I seek to demonstrate why that earlier approach remains salient and why, in many cases, it is more persuasive than that commonly adopted in post- and decolonial sociologies
A common serial structure causes offline excitability changes linked to generalization between different memory types
Get PDFDifferent human memories are predominantly processed within different systems.1,2 Overcoming this segregation can allow common information to be shared, performance to generalize, and learning to be enhanced.2,3,4 Yet, how complex serial information is shared between different memories (actions vs. words) is not well understood. Action and word sequences have a common structure when the serial relationship between categories—either of actions or words—is preserved between the sequences. Network excitability increases may link together these different memories, allowing the sharing of information.5,6,7,8,9 We tested for changes caused by serial structure in motor network excitability following learning of a motor skill during subsequent word-list learning. When the tasks had different structures, there was no excitability change and no enhancement of word-list learning. By contrast, we found that a common structure caused a substantial motor network excitability increase (∼20% from baseline), which was correlated with an enhancement in word-list learning. Excitability within the motor network created a framework for the rapid learning of the word list. It increased specifically when there was sufficient information to form a mapping between motor elements and words. An associative mapping explains how the learned motor sequence was translated into word recall, the magnitude of word-list learning enhancement, when the greatest improvements develop during learning, and how motor excitability became correlated to word-list learning. Thus, serial information generalizes by creating an associative mapping between the different memory types, which enables a sequence of actions to be rapidly translated into and so enhance word-list learning
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