192815 research outputs found
Sort by
Short- and long-term outcomes in oliguric and non-oliguric acute kidney injury in intensive care: a retrospective, post hoc, bicentric study
Get PDFBackground:
Patients admitted to intensive care units frequently develop acute kidney injury. There is limited research comparing outcomes between oliguric and non-oliguric acute kidney injury in this population. This study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes in oliguric and non-oliguric acute kidney injury in intensive care patients; the specific outcomes assessed were mortality and major adverse kidney events. We hypothesised that short- and long-term outcomes would be poorer in oliguric compared to non-oliguric acute kidney injury in intensive care patients.
Methods:
This retrospective observational cohort study utilised prospectively collected data routinely gathered during patients’ admission. All adult patients over 16 admitted to two large Scottish general adult intensive care units were included. Patients with long-term kidney replacement therapy, prior transplantation and ICU readmission were excluded. Oliguria was defined as urine output < 0.3 ml.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ for 24 hours. Outcomes were assessed using cox-proportional hazards analyses; should its assumptions be violated, odds ratios at prespecified timepoints were undertaken.
Results:
Of the 2147 patients identified with de-novo acute kidney injury, 1666 had sufficient urine output data for analysis. 528 (31.7%) subjects had oliguric acute kidney injury lasting at least 24 hours. 1-year mortality was higher in oliguric patients (adjusted Hazard Ratio 1.45 [95% confidence intervals 1.02–2.12], E-value 1.93). Our data violated the proportional hazards assumption for major adverse kidney events; 1-year odds ratio for major adverse renal events was non-significant: 1.25 (95% confidence intervals 0.92–1.69).
Conclusion:
Our study has demonstrated that one third of patients with acute kidney injury in intensive care developed oliguria using a standardised definition of oliguria. Oliguric acute kidney injury was found to be significantly associated with higher rates of mortality from in-critical care through to 1-year post-discharge
First Adventure to Final Flight: The Theatre of Tristan Tzara
No full textTristan Tzara, co-founder of the Dada movement. This volume provides the first comprehensive account of Tzara’s works for the stage. It addresses his distinct approach to theatre across his career and examines to what extent his dadaist and, latterly, surrealist principles are embodied in his stagecraft, both during and after his relations with these groups. This book uncovers the implications for subsequent theatre and performance practices in light of Tzara’s innovations and shows how he anticipates certain tendencies that would become markers of invention in theatre history. Addressing the linguistic, dramaturgical, and philosophical aspects of his theatre, this study positions Tristan Tzara as a pioneering playwright
Agile coaching research: a systematic mapping study
Get PDFAgile coaching has emerged as a key enabler of agile adoption and organisational transformation. Despite its growing prevalence, there has not been much research into agile coaching, and there is a need for a better understanding of the current state of research and where the gaps lie. To fill this gap, we present a systematic mapping study (SMS) of agile coaching to identify and categorise existing research. An initial search identified 497 studies, of which 22 primary studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We provide a thematic analysis of the included papers and a summary of challenges and benefits associated with agile coaching. Key findings indicate a steady rate of research studies since 2013, predominantly from Europe. The most extensively researched areas are coaches’ skills, roles, and responsibilities. However, there is a noticeable lack of research depth in other areas and an absence of theory in all papers. Finally, we propose a roadmap for further research, highlighting unexplored aspects of agile coaching, including its impact across diverse organisational contexts. These findings provide a foundation for future research and offer practical insights for practitioners and researchers in the agile domain
Freeing constitutional identity from unamendability: Solange I as a constitutional identity judgment
Get PDFDespite prominently featuring the concept of constitutional identity
throughout its reasoning, the relevance of Solange I to the German Federal
Constitutional Court’s doctrine of constitutional identity has been all but
eclipsed by the Court’s judgment on the Lisbon Treaty 35 years later. This
article makes the case for recovering Solange I’s relevance as a constitutional
identity judgment. The conception of constitutional identity in Solange I is
fundamentally distinguished from that in Lisbon by a near lack of references
to the eternity clause of Article 79(3) Basic Law. Solange I bases itself on a
notion of constitutional identity that seems explicitly susceptible to constitutional amendment. This article will use the window that Solange I offers to a
conception of constitutional identity untethered from unamendability in
order to challenge both the plausibility and normative desirability of linking
the two. Constitutional identity, especially where it is used to set limits to the
primacy of EU law, does not need to be linked to unamendability. Understanding the former as intrinsically linked to the latter gives rise to three
problems: First, the problem of the hollow legitimacy of constitutional identity claims ostensibly grounded in the ‘higher legitimacy’ of acts of
constituent power; second the problem of the democratic costs imposed by
an increased mobilisation of amendment limits against the power of other
constitutional orders, and finally, the problem of the normative mismatch
between the normative considerations informing constitutional amendment
limits and those informing limits to the reach of EU law. Taking Solange I
seriously as a constitutional identity judgment opens a door to an understanding of constitutional identity that is freed of its problematic association
with unamendability
Greening in Northern Europe: offshore wind power
No full textThis chapter assesses Scottish renewables’ ambitions in light of their Nordic inspirations: the success of Norwegian and Danish public enterprises in oil and gas and wind respectively, along with benefits in manufacturing sectors. Wind has been championed by devolved administrations following the establishment of a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom in 1999. Renewables would end dependency on fossil fuels and address the legacy of deindustrialization by creating skilled manufacturing jobs. By the early 2020s, wind was the largest source of Scottish electricity generation, but this world-leading infrastructural achievement was not matched in fulfilling hopes of investment and manufacturing employment. Scottish windfarms resemble earlier British government failings in North Sea oil and gas through the dominance of externally controlled multinationals. The absence of consistent policy to support the infant industry at UK level, lack of supportive customers partnering manufacturers and competitors embedded in international supply chains have contributed to a scenario of high levels of wind generation with only minimal levels of new manufacturing capacity
Rational Verification in Repeated Security Games
No full textCyber attackers often engage in repeated adaptive attacks, while many existing defensive models are static and lack mechanisms for long-term strategy validation. We introduce a rational verification framework for Repeated Stackelberg Security Games that evaluates the ongoing optimality of defender strategies under rational attacker behaviour. Our framework incorporates discounted payoffs to emphasise early-stage threats and dynamically adjusts strategies in response to evolving conditions. Experimental results show that our approach improves the utility of the defender and supports an effective resource allocation
International postgraduate taught students’ perspectives on resources to support learning transitions: a preliminary case study
Get PDFThe importance of universities understanding the induction needs of international students to enable them to succeed is well documented in literature. This article focuses on a small-scale, exploratory study into an Induction Resource developed for international students to support them with the academic aspects of transition into Postgraduate Taught (PGT) programmes. The article gives some insights into the Induction Resource and discusses findings and analysis under three key themes: ‘A matter of timing and clarity’, ‘Great expectations – active and engaged learning’, and ‘Beyond classroom walls’. The article concludes with some recommendations for next steps in supporting the academic transitions of international PGT students that may be of interest to any higher education institution with international students on a PGT programme
Politics outside parliament: explaining candidates’ support for citizen-initiated referendums
Get PDFThe role of politicians in referendums has been extensively analyzed from the perspectives of referendum initiation and use, and policy implementation. We know relatively little about what politicians think about referendums, and therefore from understanding how far they are from what citizens believe and being able to predict their propensity to adopt or block referendums when they are in office. The present article addresses this gap in the literature and seeks to identify what drives candidates running in national elections to support citizen-initiated referendums. The multi-level ordinal regression analysis with mixed-effects presented here uses individual-level data from the Comparative Candidate Survey (Wave 2) and country-level data from 18 countries. The results indicate that many candidates support citizen-initiated referendums, and their attitudes are driven by a combination of criticism of representative democracy and willingness to bring citizens into the decision-making process. The majoritarian components of the electoral system and higher polarization in the party system also increase support for referendums
Commensality, ritual and the making of transtopographic communities
No full textNo abstract available
Introducing The Maximum Common Bigraph Problem
Get PDFBigraph reactive systems offer a powerful and flexible mathematical framework for modelling both spatial and non-spatial relationships between agents, with practical applications in domains such as smart technologies, networks, sensor systems, and biology. While bigraphs theoretically support the identification of bisimilar agents, by simulating and comparing their corresponding minimal contextual transition systems, no known algorithm exists for computing the maximum shared structure between two bigraphs, an essential prerequisite for determining the set of possible transitions for a given agent state. In this work, we provide a definition of the maximum common bigraph problem, and present an adaptation of the McSplit maximum common induced subgraph algorithm to compute the maximum common bigraph between two bigraph states. Our approach opens a path toward supporting bisimulation checking in bigraph-based tools, which have been leveraged in other modelling paradigms for simplification, optimisation, and verification of models
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇