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Impact of induction of anaesthesia simulation training on veterinary students' perceived preparedness and confidence in anaesthesia
Get PDFObjective:
To assess the impact of a simulation-based workshop on veterinary students' perceived preparedness and confidence in performing anaesthesia-related tasks.
Study Design:
A pre- and post-survey study was conducted among 106 final-year veterinary students to evaluate their self-reported preparedness and confidence before and after a simulation-based workshop.
Methods:
Students completed a survey before and after participating in a simulation-based workshop that involved two different scenarios, where they practiced induction of anaesthesia. The survey included questions assessing students' perceived preparedness for induction of anaesthesia, confidence in assisting with anaesthetic procedures, and perceived value of the simulation. Responses were assessed on a Likert scale from strongly agree (4) to strongly disagree (1) and are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Independent t-test was used to compare pre- and post-survey responses, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results:
Improvements were observed across multiple areas following the simulation. The mean score for ‘the ability of the workshop to enhance my understanding and preparation for anaesthesia rotation’ (Q1) increased from 3.48 ± 0.55 to 3.87 ± 0.34 (p < 0.001). Student’s perceived preparedness for anaesthesia induction (Q2) improved from 2.56 ± 0.57 to 3.67 ± 0.49 (p < 0.001). Students' confidence in assisting with critical incidents (Q3) increased from 2.09 ± 0.59 to 3.36 ± 0.61 (p < 0.001). Confidence in assisting with anaesthetic procedures (Q4) rose from 2.74 ± 0.52 to 3.57 ± 0.49 (p < 0.001).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:
Simulation-based training improved veterinary students’ perceived preparedness and confidence for induction of anaesthesia. While these findings highlight the value of simulation exercises in building students’ confidence and serving as a preparatory tool within the veterinary curriculum, further research is needed to assess their impact on hands-on skills and objective performance during live animal procedures
Young people affected by drug use: implications for teacher education
Get PDFAcross the world, young people whose parents use drugs are present in many classrooms, but their lived experiences are largely hidden. This paper reports on a small-scale study of young people impacted by long-term dependent parental drug use and class teachers’ recognition and responses to pupils so affected. Young people living with parents who use drugs may experience a range of challenges and are at increased likelihood of statutory intervention, including removal from parental care. This paper examines accounts of semi-structured interviews, with seven young people aged 8–15 years, and discussion groups with ten classroom teachers. The study found that young people have complex relationships with school and are attempting to cope with multiple problems, including parental drug use. Several strategies used by young people to manage school were identified centred around their management of stigma(s) highlighting the tensions between young people wanting to be ‘under the radar’ and have their needs recognised and responded to in school. There is no easy or ‘quick fix’ to resolve this tension. This paper argues for the need for teachers and teacher educators to develop a deep understanding and professional curiosity about the lives of young people affected by parental drug use
Elevated lipoprotein(a) is common in people with familial hypercholesterolemia and negative genetic screening
Get PDFNo abstract available
The Norcroft Compiler at Arm
No full textIn the mid 1980 s, a ‘couple of academics wearing startupcompany hats’ were developing a retargetable C compiler. The most prolific target for this compiler was the ARM processor, a novel RISC architecture initially designed by Acorn and subsequently developed by Arm with input from its partners. In this paper, we will review 1980 s compiler technology and see how the Norcroft compiler significantly a dvanced the state of the art, particularly highlighting the friendly error messages, f lexible intermediate representation and graph-colouring register allocation. We will review the reach and legacy of the Norcroft compiler over the past four decades
Identifying and understanding how critical landscapes for carbon sequestration respond to development for low carbon energy production: insight to inform optimal land planning and management strategies
Get PDFWind farms can mitigate increasing CO₂ emissions by fossil-fuel free energy generation. However, landscape disturbance during development must not have lasting impacts on C sequestration, an ecosystem service. To understand how a critical carbon landscape responds to wind farm development, we monitored for 10 years dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export in five catchments draining Europe's second largest onshore wind farm, Whitelee, UK. The DOC flux trend and seasonality were modelled using Generalised Additive and Mixed Models, novelly using first derivatives of trends to identify responses to wind farm development. Unlike a nearby, minimally-disturbed catchment, Whitelee catchment DOC fluxes increased over the decade, tracking successive phases of wind farm development, particularly forest felling to enable turbine location. Inter-catchment differences in the rate of DOC flux, where slowing suggests recovery (not always evident), reflect differing intensity (timing and spatial reach) of catchment disturbance. However, increased DOC flux approximated 3.5 % maximum of C likely sequestered and therefore soil C sequestration is unlikely to be compromised unless the soils are highly degraded and close to not being a C sink. For the greenest energy transition, responsible planning should minimise C losses, even when small, and in a critical landscape may require consideration of impact on other ecosystem services. For example, deterioration in quality of potable water supply occurred within the observation period. Ongoing provisioning of multiple ecosystem services from critical carbon landscapes requires planning. We demonstrate an example of such an approach for wind farm development considering in priority order carbon storage, forest products, potable water supply. Our findings are relevant to integrated landscape planning and management in temperate and high latitude/altitude peatlands globally that are subject to wind energy development and/or forest felling
On Precomputation and Caching in Information Retrieval Experiments with Pipeline Architectures
No full textModern information retrieval systems often rely on multiple components executed in a pipeline. In a research setting, this can lead to substantial redundant computations (e.g., retrieving the same query multiple times for evaluating different downstream rerankers). To overcome this, researchers take cached “result” files as inputs, which represent the output of another pipeline. However, these result files can be brittle and can cause a disconnect between the conceptual design of the pipeline and its logical implementation. To overcome both the redundancy problem (when executing complete pipelines) and the disconnect problem (when relying on intermediate result files), we describe our recent efforts to improve the caching capabilities in the open-source PyTerrier IR platform. We focus on two main directions: (1) automatic implicit caching of common pipeline prefixes when comparing systems and (2) explicit caching of operations through a new extension package, pyterrier-caching. These approaches allow for the best of both worlds: pipelines can be fully expressed end-to-end, while also avoiding redundant computations between pipelines
Imposing innovation: How ‘innovation speak’ maintains postcolonial exclusion in Peru
Get PDFInnovation is regarded as a central driver of societal progress via its perceived role in enhancing economic growth and competitive advantage. As a result, ideals associated with innovation have long influenced development theory, policy and practice, particularly in relation to how nation-states, industries and communities might overcome structural barriers to poverty, unemployment, and more. In recent decades, development discourse has come to embrace a more individualised perspective that views business models, design-thinking and entrepreneurship as key engines of economic creativity and growth. This trend, known as innovation speak, is today a globally dominant paradigm influencing nearly every aspect of economic and social policy, from education to healthcare. In this paper, we argue that innovation speak reinforces colonial power relations, particularly the socioeconomic exclusion and cultural subordination of racialised communities. Focusing on Peru as an empirical setting, our study employs semi-structured interviews with key informants, analyses policy instruments, and draws insights from research diaries documenting a visit to an Indigenous-led innovation initiative. Through our analysis, we illuminate how innovation speak permeates development discourse, policy and tools, with the effect of reinforcing a globally dominant capitalist imaginary that posits market- and growth-centric forms of innovation as the presumed path to national development, to the exclusion of other approaches practised and prioritised by Indigenous groups. Our study thus contributes to a more nuanced understanding of innovation speak, coloniality, and the discourses that today dominate development policy and practice in many Global South nations
Recombination and genetic diversity analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 1 nonstructural protein 2 genes in China
Get PDFBackground: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been present in China for about 30 years, and because of the high mutability of PRRSV, it causes huge economic losses to pig enterprises every year. PRRSV-2 is widely prevalent in China, and the detection rate of PRRSV-1 is also on the rise. Nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) is a highly variable protein with multiple biological functions, such as PRRSV replication, which plays an important role in understanding PRRSV variation and epidemic alerts. Objectives: The epidemic characteristics and recombination of PRRSV-1 NSP2 are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to study the epidemic characteristics of PRRSV-1 NSP2 and lay a foundation for the prevention and control of PRRSV-1. Methods: In this study, we collected several PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 NSP2 gene sequences for gene sequence and recombination analyses, aiming to analyze the recombination pattern and genetic variation in the PRRSV-1 NSP2 genes in China. Results: The genetic similarity results showed that the 69 PRRSV-1 NSP2 gene sequences collected in this study showed nucleotide similarity ranging from 67.3% to 100.0% and amino acid similarity ranging from 64.3% to 100.0%. Amino acid sequence comparison showed that PRRSV-1 had more amino acid deletion or substitution sites than PRRSV-2. NSP2 also contains special amino acid regions such as the highly immunogenic region. PRRSV-1 can be categorized into four strains, NMEU09-1-like, BJEU06-1-like, HKEU-16-like and Amervac-like isolates, and are at different positions in the ML and NJ phylogenetic trees. In the ninety selected PRRSVs, six recombination events were detected using recombination analysis, two of which occurred in Chinese PRRSV-1 strains. Therefore, sequence analysis of NSP2 helps us to understand the prevalence and variation in PRRSV-1 in China over the past two decades and provides a theoretical basis for studying the epidemiology and evolution of NSP2
The petrology of the Ozerki meteorite constrained by electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray computed tomography
Get PDFCombining electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) with X-ray computed tomography (XCT) offers a comprehensive approach to investigate shock deformation and rock texture in meteorites, yet such integration remains uncommon. In this study, we demonstrate the synergistic potential of XCT and EBSD in revealing deformation metrics, thereby enhancing our understanding of petrofabric strength and shock-induced deformation. Our analysis focuses on the Ozerki (L6, S4/5, W0) meteorite fall, which was instrumentally observed on June 21, 2018, and subsequently recovered by the Ural's branch of the Russian Fireball Network (UrFU) recovery expedition a few days later. The trajectory analysis conducted by the Finnish Fireball Network facilitated the prompt retrieval of the meteorite. We show that Ozerki is deformed, with a moderate strength foliation fabric defined by metal and sulfide grain shapes. Microstructural analysis using EBSD shows that the parent body was likely still thermally active during this impact event. Our data suggest that these microstructures were likely produced during an impact while the Ozerki's parent body was still warm
Business cycle asynchrony in European countries: a nonlinear panel data analysis
No full textThis study employs a Nonlinear Asynchronous Multilevel Smooth Transition Panel (NAML-STP) model to investigate the asynchrony of economic cycles among European Union countries. Utilizing GDP data from 27 EU nations, the research reveals significant nonlinear characteristics and sequential differences in the timing of exiting economic contraction phases. The findings highlight the importance of understanding economic cycle asynchrony for global economic governance, risk prevention, and policy formulation
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