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The 6-week Wikipedia translation sprint: a case study in fast medical knowledge equity
No full textOne of our long-standing partners in Scotland is the IDEA Network at the the University of St Andrews. Based at the School of Computer Science, the Network looks broadly to make knowledge production inclusive, diverse, equitable and accessible. Part of their work has been the development of a range of Wiki-activities in and out of the classroom, including Summer programmes, undergraduate and postgraduate work, as well as outreach events with community partners. At the time of writing, on-wiki material which has been worked on as part of the Network’s activity has gained 3.38 million article views.
I invited Dr Ross (who, along with Dr Ardati, also of the IDEA network, and Dr Bhatti, a co-author of the below blog, have all attended Wikimedia UK Train the Trainer courses) to tell us more about one of this year’s Summer programmes.
/ (Dr Sara Thomas, Programme Manager, Wikimedia UK
Staying Present in Shared Decision-Making: Introducing Emotional Regulation and the Window of Tolerance to Facilitate CARE
No full textNo abstract available
Rethinking Sketching Education Practices
No full textSketching is seen as a fundamental element of a design process which allows ambiguity to be maintained and facilitates the perception of new possibilities, re-interpretation and synthesis. Often it is crucial for exploring human aspects of design. At the same time contemporary engineering design education approaches typically do not include sketching explicitly and there are reports of students’ reluctance to sketch. To explore this contradiction interviews were conducted with three experienced engineering design professionals, focusing on how they used sketching while designing and compared them to student’s sketching practices, identified though sketch output analysis. Results show that sketching is still a part of the design processes of professionals, which is sometimes used in creative ways with computer aided design but is used less habitually in students’ work. This paper discusses potential reasons behind this and potential ways to reintroduce sketching to engineering education
Changing paradigms of studies in kidney diseases
Get PDFRecognizing kidney disease as a major global health issue, the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) convened a two-day international, multi-stakeholder meeting to develop a roadmap for advancing clinical research in nephrology. The meeting focused on promoting the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), moving beyond single biomarker targets, adopting innovative trial designs, and incorporating hierarchical composite endpoints. Participants included clinicians, trialists, regulators, patient partners, and industry experts invited from all ISN regions. Discussions emphasized the importance of inclusive trial design, validation of PROMs, predictive enrichment strategies, and broader trial accessibility across resource settings. Key recommendations included enhancing diversity in trial populations, avoiding overreliance on isolated biomarkers, adopting novel study designs, strengthening public-private partnerships, and validating composite endpoints. A coordinated effort was deemed essential to implement these strategies in both research and practice, ensuring sustainable progress and reducing the global burden of kidney disease
Digital transformation – the panacea for Indonesian railway
Get PDFPurpose:
Public sector accountability inherently lies with the public. This study aims to explore the role of digitalisation during public sector transformation, focusing on its impact in fostering customer orientation and enhancing accountability to the public.
Design/methodology/approach:
This study employed qualitative approach to examine the organisational transformation of the Indonesian railway company, PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (Kereta Api Indonesia), for the period of 2009–2014. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with employees, governance expert and railway passengers. Document review on annual report and publicly available digital database was also incorporated. The analysis revealed distinct critical junctures during KAI's institutional transformation period. The narrative was developed through an iterative process of reflecting on primary and secondary sources, integrating data into the theoretical framework.
Findings:
The findings reveal that digitalisation has been integral to KAI's transformation, beginning with internal efforts to enhance employee productivity and streamline work processes, thereby enabling more efficient governance. It extended to customer-focused innovations, where digital technologies improved service delivery and fostered accountability culture. Its integration also established a cohesive framework of multi-layered accountability, connecting employees, governance systems and customers in a transparent and efficient ecosystem.
Practical implications:
Without opting for privatisation, KAI managed to undergo a tremendous transformation with digitalisation playing a pivotal role during the process.
Originality/value:
Previous literature on public sector transformation mainly focuses on privatisation with a cause for risk handover or efficiency overlooking the customer cause. This paper aims to address the gap by analysing the unique case of the Indonesian railway, which successfully transformed with a customer-oriented working process without opting for privatisation
Quantifying Variability in Silicon Photonics: A Stochastic Study of Sidewall Roughness and Its Impact on Waveguide Performance
Get PDFThis work presents a comprehensive simulationbased study of surface roughness-induced loss and phase
variation in silicon photonic waveguides extended to centimeterscale lengths. Our results indicate that subtle changes in the
surface roughness profile can yield measurable variations in
overall device performance, despite maintaining the same rootmean-square (RMS) roughness amplitude and correlation
length. We compare waveguides' performance as a function of
different roughness parameters and use a variational finitedifference time-domain framework to handle large-scale
computations. The data reveal that even modest increases in
roughness (σRMS) or correlation length can lead to significant
scattering loss and phase uncertainties when segments are
stitched together randomly. These findings underscore the need
for precise control over the sidewall fabrication process and
highlight the value of statistical modeling techniques in
designing robust photonic devices
Remembering the crusades in fifteenth-century England: William Caxton’s Godeffroy of Boloyne, or The Siege and Conqueste of Jerusalem
Get PDFThe crusaders’ capture of Jerusalem in 1099 stands as one of the
most extraordinary events of the Middle Ages. Such was its
importance that it was remembered well into the fifteenth
century, including when William Caxton published his Godeffroy
of Boloyne, or The Siege and Conqueste of Jerusalem (1481). This
paper investigates why Caxton chose to print a story of the First
Crusade as the first printed English book on the subject of the
crusades. Alarmed by the advance of the Ottomans into Christian
Europe, Caxton had printed the book in the hope that the deeds
of past crusaders would inspire the book’s readers for two main
purposes: first, to incite contemporaries to support the crusade
cause; and second, to instil his knightly and noble readers with
chivalric values associated with crusading as a means to better
themselves. In so doing, this paper demonstrates that the
crusades continued to play an important role in the lives and
imagination of many of Caxton’s contemporaries, and that tales
of Jerusalem’s capture in 1099 alongside news of recent Christian
losses were considered persuasive tools for inciting contemporary
support for new crusades and military action
The potential of H5N1 viruses to adapt to bovine cells varies throughout evolution
Get PDFAvian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses caused a global panzootic and, unexpectedly, widespread outbreaks in dairy cattle, therefore representing a pandemic threat. To inform control strategies, it is critical to determine whether the potential to adapt to bovine cells is a general feature of H5N1 viruses, is specific to viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b, or narrowly restricted to some genotypes within this clade. Using a large panel of recombinant viruses representing >60 years of H5N1 history and other IAVs for comparison, we demonstrate replicative fitness in bovine cells is: (i) highly variable across 2.3.4.4b genotypes, (ii) limited in viruses predatingtheglobalexpansionofthis clade, (iii) determined by the internal gene cassette, and (iv) not restricted to udder epithelial cells. Mutations in the PB2 polymerase subunit emerge as key determinants of adaptation, although their phenotypic effects are context dependent. Bovine B3.13 and some avian genotypes exhibit enhanced modulation of bovine interferon-induced antiviral responses, determined by at least PB2, nucleoprotein, and the non-structural protein NS1. Our results highlight the polygenic nature of IAV host range, and reveal that the replication fitness in bovine cells, and likely their potential to adapt to cattle, varies greatly during the evolutionary trajectory of H5N1 viruses
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