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Performance of homozygosity by descent in two mice lines divergently selected for birth weight environmental variability
No full textContributions:
C.O-M. and I.C. and J.P.G. conceptualized the analysis. C.O-M. developed the formal analysis. C.O-M.; C.O-M., J.P.G., and I.C. investigated; N.F., J.P.G. and I.C. provided the resources. C.O-M. curated the data; C.O-M. wrote the original draft. C.O-M., N.F., J.P.G. and I.C. wrote, revised and edited the manuscript. J.P.G. and I.C. supervised all the development of the research. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Inbreeding can have negative effects, such as increasing the expression of deleterious alleles or reducing fitness. A method based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) was developed to determine the probability of an individual genome in a homozygous-by-descent state (HBD). As a result of an experiment of divergent selection for birth weight environmental variability two lines were created: high variability line (H-Line) and low variability line (L-Line). The L-Line demonstrated a better performance in traits related with robustness than the H-Line. From a selection period of 20 generations, a total of 655 individuals from the H-Line and 675 individuals from the L-Line were genotyped with a high-density SNP array. We used a predefined multiclass HMM with a total of 9 age related HBD classes and 1 non HBD class. The sum of the probabilities of each HBD class was defined as the total HBD inbreeding (FHBD). In addition, FHBD was divided into age related groups as recent and ancient. Moreover, recent pedigree inbreeding (FPEDR) was defined using different generation thresholds (4 to 14). The evolution of FHBD across generations was similar in both selected lines. However, the distribution in each age-related class was different between lines in more recent generations. The H-Line presented twice as much FHBD by ancestors from 8 generations ago than the L-Line. Moreover, the correlations between recent FHBD and FPEDR obtained with different generation thresholds were greater in the H-Line when very recent FHBD was calculated from classes related with ancestors from 1 to 8 generations ago. However, in the L-Line, considering more than 4 generations ago to define very recent inbreeding did not affect the correlations with FPEDR. The HBD was the first methodology that could detect differences in the inbreeding pattern between the selected lines that could be related with the divergent selection, despite being under the identical mating policy and similar intensity of selection.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Depto. de Producción AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu
Comparative anatomy of the subclavius muscle and clavicle: a histological study using human, swine and mouse fetuses
No full textEn el momento de subida: Online ahead of print.Background: Some mammals including the swine carry a fibrous vestigial clavicle, but a subclavius muscle (SBM) extends between the first rib and the supraspinatus muscle surface fascia. We aimed to examine development of the SBM and clavicle for finding a specific factor to provide the curious morphology.
Materials and methods: Histological sections of early- and midterm fetuses of the swine, human and mouse were observed and compared at the almost same morphological stage.
Results: In all three species, the initial SBM was seen extending between the cartilaginous first rib and a mesenchymal clavicle. At the early stage, the human and mouse fetuses carried the mesenchymal manubrium sterni above the heart bulbus as well as the acromion above the humeral head. However, in the swine fetus, the manubrium remained far caudal to the first rib, while the acromion was in the laterocaudal side of the glenohumeral joint. In place of the acromion, the swine supraspinatus muscle was large and covered the humeral head. At midterm, the human and mouse SBM attached to the membranous bone of the clavicle. Endochondral ossification occurred at the lateral and medial ends of the human clavicle, while it was seen in the medial half of the mouse clavicle anlage with a homogenous eosinophilic matrix.
Conclusions: The swine clavicle seemed to lose the endochondral parts due to the caudally-shifted manubrium sterni and acromion. The medial or clavicular attachment of the swine SBM might migrate to a nearby fascia of the supraspinatus muscle in the later development.Depto. de Anatomía y EmbriologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Activational and Organizational Effects of Sex Hormones on Hippocampal Inhibitory Neurons
No full textFunding: This work was supported by a Whitehall Foundation grant, NARSAD Young Investigator Fellowship, Outstanding Early Investigator Award, Charles H. Hood Foundation Award, and the NINDS of the NIH under award number 1R01NS104917 to G.D. and a Gruber Science Fellowship to U.F. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Author contributions: G.D. conceived and designed the study. U.F. and G.D. collected and analyzed the data. G.D. and U.F. wrote the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Data and materials availability: All data are available in the manuscript or the supplementary material. The reported data are archived on file servers at Yale Medical SchoolPeripheral and brain-produced sex hormones exert sex-specific regulation of hippocampal cognitive function. Estrogens produced by neuronal aromatase regulate inhibitory neurons (INs) and hippocampal-dependent memory in adult female mice, but not in males. How and when this sex effect is established and how peripheral and brain sources of estrogens interact in the control of hippocampal INs is currently unknown. Using ex vivo electrophysiology, fiber photometry, molecular analysis, estrous cycle monitoring, and neonatal hormonal manipulations, we unveil estrous cycle-dependent and estrous cycle-independent features of CA1 parvalbumin (PV) INs and hippocampal inhibition in adult female mice. Before puberty, aromatase is expressed in PV INs and regulates synaptic inhibition in female but not in male mice. Neonatal testosterone administration altered prepubertal female mouse hippocampus-dependent memory, PV IN function and estrogenic regulation of adult female synaptic inhibition and PV IN perineuronal nets. Our results suggest that sex differences in brain-derived estrogen regulation of CA1 inhibition are established by organizational effects of neonatal gonadal hormones and highlight the role of INs as mediators of the sexual differentiation of the hippocampusWhitehall FoundationBrain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD)Charles H. Hood FoundationNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS, NIH)Gruber FoundationDepto. de Biología CelularFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
De novo transcriptome assembly of the plant Helianthemum marifolium for the study of adaptive mechanisms
No full textWe are grateful to Encarnación Rubio and the personnel of the CITIUS Greenhouse Service at the Universidad de Sevilla for their assistance during the cultivation of plants and to the staff of the CICA supercomputer for their guidance in using the High-Performance Computing (HPC) facility. This work was supported by grant PID2020-116355GB-I00 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación to R.G.A.The genus Helianthemum, commonly known as rockroses, encompasses 140 species primarily distributed in the Palearctic region, with notable diversification driven by climatic and geological changes. These plants are valuable for studying speciation processes and ecological divergence. The chemical properties of the leaves have also been investigated for containing valuable bioactive compounds with several therapeutic properties. However, the availability of genomic resources for species in this genus are almost entirely lacking. Here, we assembled and annotated the first reference transcriptome of Helianthemum marifolium, a species with wide morphological variability and infraspecific diversity. Illumina paired-end RNA sequences were generated using leaves from 16 individuals, representing the four recognized subspecies, all cultivated in a greenhouse. RNA reads were assembled with Trinity and Oases, and EvidentialGene produced a transcriptome with 122,002 transcripts. The transcriptome showed 59524 hits on the UniProtBK database through BLASTx. This transcriptome will be an invaluable resource for transcriptome-level population studies, conservation genetics of the many endangered species within the genus, and for deepen into the metabolic pathways of leaf-derived compounds.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Delayed post-juvenile moult in malaria-infected Eurasian blackcaps
No full textParasites have their strongest impact on fitness when host defences deplete resources needed for other critical life-history stages, such as development, breeding or migration. Among birds, one greatly neglected stage that could be altered by parasites is post-juvenile moult (PJM), through which yearling juvenile birds replace their fast-generated, low-quality juvenile feathers with adult-like feathers after leaving the nest. The earlier the birds complete PJM, the earlier they will be prepared to withstand forthcoming challenges, such as adverse winter conditions or migration. We used data from 435 juvenile Eurasian blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) sampled during three years in 26 localities spanning the wide range of environmental conditions across Iberian Spain to test whether haemosporidian infections (presence and abundance in blood of parasites of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon) were related to the progress of PJM. Controlling for body condition, sex, year and date of capture, infected blackcaps (single-infected or co-infected) had lower moult scores indicative of delayed moult, especially when birds had Plasmodium infections or high intensities of Haemoproteus parasites. Our results broaden the range of fitness costs that haemosporidian parasites may have on birds, as delayed post-juvenile plumage acquisition can impact subsequent key life-history stages.Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Las exposiciones universales decimonónicas (1851-1900) y el debate librecambismo-proteccionismo en España
No full textLas Exposiciones Universales decimonónicas fueron, entre otras cosas, escaparates privilegiados para la innovación y el avance industrial, donde los países competían por mostrar su poderío económico y la diversidad y calidad de sus producciones. Asimismo, partiendo del reconocimiento de la creciente interrelación y complementariedad de los distintos territorios, estos certámenes pretendieron crear un sentimiento de comunidad a través de los intercambios internacionales, entendidos como fuente generalizada de prosperidad. Este trabajo se centra precisamente en las exposiciones universales como foros que invitaban al libre comercio, y analiza las posturas librecambistas o proteccionistas sobre el fomento de la producción nacional que reflejaron en sus informes los economistas españoles que las visitaron.The 19th-century Universal Exhibitions were, among other things, privileged showcases for innovation and industrial progress, where countries competed to showcase their economic power and the diversity and quality of their productions. Likewise, based on the recognition of the growing interrelation and complementarity of the different territories, these events sought to create a sense of community through international ex-changes, understood as a generalized source of prosperity. This paper focuses precisely on the Universal Exhibitions as forums that invited free trade: it analyzes the free-trade or protectionist positions on the promotion of national production that were reflected in the reports of the Spanish economists who visited them.Depto. de Economía Aplicada, Estructura e HistoriaFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEpu
Gamificación en el aula 2.0: diseño de juegos educativos como estrategia de evaluación formativa en Farmacia (GAMEFAR)
No full textEn el contexto educativo actual, las instituciones enfrentan el reto de formar profesionales con una preparación integral que les permita adaptarse a un entorno cambiante. Más allá del dominio de contenidos, los estudiantes deben desarrollar competencias como el pensamiento crítico, la creatividad, la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo, lo cual exige una transformación en las metodologías de evaluación docente. En esta línea, el informe “Education in times of pandemic COVID-19 (2020)” de la Organización de Naciones Unidas subraya la importancia de adoptar enfoques innovadores en los métodos de evaluación, que favorezcan tanto la retroalimentación del alumnado como la implementación de iniciativas colectivas alineadas con las características de las nuevas generaciones. En este contexto, el presente proyecto tiene como objetivo diseñar y aplicar Trivial educativos en asignaturas de grado y posgrado del área de Tecnología Farmacéutica, como instrumentos de evaluación formativa basados en gamificación. Esta estrategia busca fomentar la participación activa del alumnado, reforzar el aprendizaje significativo y facilitar la asimilación de conceptos clave, a la vez que proporciona retroalimentación inmediata de forma lúdica, aumentando la motivación y el compromiso con el proceso de evaluación.Depto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología AlimentariaFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte
Hyperinvariant subspaces for trace class perturbations of normal operators and decomposability
No full textWe prove that a large class of trace-class perturbations of diagonalizable normal operators on a separable, infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space have non-trivial closed hyperinvariant subspaces. Moreover, a large subclass consists of decomposable operators in the sense of Colojoara and Foias.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónDepto. de Análisis Matemático y Matemática AplicadaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasTRUEpu
El matrimonio religiosos en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
No full textEl objeto de este trabajo es ofrecer una sintética aproximación a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en relación con el matrimonio religioso. Para abordar esta investigación, se establece como perspectiva de análisis los artículos 12 y 9 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos. De ahí se pasará a examinar algunas decisiones del Tribunal relativas al matrimonio religioso, aportando algún comentario acerca de la doctrina del Tribunal de Estrasburgo.Depto. de Derecho Internacional, Eclesiástico y Filosofía del DerechoFac. de DerechoFALSEpu
Data: Flash-PEO of magnesium: phosphate precursor driven functionalization
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4 archivos de video en formato MP4In this study, a phosphate-based conversion coating (PCC) was applied as a precursor before forming silicate-fluoride (SiF) and silicate-phosphate-fluoride (SiPF) based flash-plasma electrolytic oxidation (Flash-PEO) coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy. The main novelty is the successful incorporation of calcium, zinc, manganese and phosphate species into the Flash-PEO coatings via a precursor layer rather than using the electrolyte. The precursor also led to longer lasting and more intense discharges during the PEO process, resulting in increased pore size. Corrosion studies revealed similar short-term performance for all coatings, with impedance modulus at low frequencies above 107 Ωcm2, and slightly better performance for the SiPF-based coating. Nonetheless, the enlarged pores in the PEO coatings functionalized with the PCC precursor compromised the effectiveness of self-healing mechanisms by creating diffusion pathways for corrosive species, leading to earlier failure. These phenomena were effectively monitored by recording the open circuit potential during immersion in 0.5 wt.% NaCl solution. In summary, this study demonstrates that conversion coatings are a viable option for the functionalization of PEO coatings on magnesium alloys, as they allow for the incorporation of cationic and other species. However, it is crucial to maintain a small pore size to facilitate effective blockage through self-healing mechanisms.Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Feder, UEEuropean Union NextGenerationEU/PRTRDepto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias Químicaspu