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Relationship between Antioxidants and the Human Diet:Do you know the antioxidants you eat?
No full textIntroducción: El aumento de enfermedades crónicas ha impulsado el interés por los antioxidantes y su relación con la salud. Sin embargo, persisten dudas sobre el conocimiento que las personas poseen al respecto.
Objetivo: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal con el objetivo de evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre antioxidantes en adultos residentes en España.
Materiales y métodos: La población objetivo fueron residentes en España y el tamaño de la muestra se calculó mediante una fórmula para poblaciones infinitas, resultando en 153 participantes.
Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el 73,2% de los participantes tuvo un nivel alto de conocimiento sobre antioxidantes, mientras que el 26,8% fue clasificado como bajo. Por otro lado, el 84,31% mostró un estilo de vida poco saludable, el 7,19% una tendencia hacia la salud y solo el 8,50% presentó un estilo nada saludable. Ningún participante fue clasificado como saludable. Se observaron asociaciones significativas entre el nivel de conocimiento y variables sociodemográficas como el estado civil (p=0,0002) y el ingreso mensual (p<0,0001). La prueba de chicuadrado confirmó la relación entre el estado civil y el conocimiento (p=0,0016). En contraste, no se hallaron asociaciones significativas entre el estilo de vida saludable y variables como sexo, nivel educativo u ocupación.
Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de intervenciones educativas centradas en los factores sociodemográficos para mejorar tanto el conocimiento sobre antioxidantes como los hábitos saludables.Introduction: The rise of chronic diseases has increased interest in antioxidants found in food and their relationship to health. However, questions remain about people's knowledge of this topic. Objective: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and its relationship with lifestyle and sociodemographic factors in adults residing in Spain. Material and methods: The target population consisted of Spanish residents, and the sample size was calculated using a formula for infinite populations, resulting in 153 participants, which were selected for convenience online. The Reliability and Validity Scale of the Acquired Healthy Lifestyle Assessment Scale (E-VEVSA) was used. Results: Results showed that 73.2% of participants had a high level of knowledge about antioxidants, while 26.8% were classified as having low knowledge. Additionally, 84.31% reported an unhealthy lifestyle, 7.19% showed a tendency towards health, and only 8.50% had a completely unhealthy lifestyle, taking into account aspects such as nutrition, physical and mental health, hours of sleep and participation in sports, among others. Significant associations were observed between the level of knowledge and sociodemographic variables such as marital status and monthly income. A chisquare test confirmed the relationship between marital status and knowledge. In contrast, no significant associations were found between lifestyle and variables such as sex, educational level, or occupation. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for educational interventions focused on sociodemographic factors to improve both antioxidant knowledge and healthy habitsDepto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología AlimentariaFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu
Diagnostic work-up of lipomatous tumors: a decision-making analysis among European sarcoma centers
No full textObjectives: Lipomatous soft-tissue tumors present a diagnostic burden. The aim of this work was to compare standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the diagnostic management of lipomatous soft-tissue tumors among European academic centers.
Methods: Experts of the Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer were asked for their SOPs in the diagnosis of adipocytic soft-tissue tumors in an otherwise healthy patient. The answers were converted to decision trees and subsequently compared using the objective consensus methodology. Mediastinal and retroperitoneal lipomatous tumors were excluded from the analysis.
Results: The highest consensus (93%) among fourteen institutions was noted for evaluation with core needle biopsy (CNB) as SOP for lipomatous tumors located deep in tissue exceeding 7 cm and tumor-associated symptoms. Evaluation of heterogeneous features on imaging by CNB usually showed a consensus rate of at least 75%. Consensus was less likely for lipomatous tumors without symptoms or heterogeneous features. In these settings, CNB and follow-up were almost equally recommended. For lipomatous tumors smaller than 3 cm, without growth or symptoms, no localization in the trunk, and homogeneous imaging features, a consensus rate of 71% was achieved for follow-up.
Conclusions: SOPs for diagnostic work-up of lipomatous tumors varied despite their geographical proximity. The highest consensus for biopsy was for deep large tumors with associated symptoms. For follow-up, consensus was shown for small homogenous tumors outside the trunk, without growth or symptoms. Consensus on resection involved homogeneous deeply located small tumors outside the trunk with growth and symptoms.
Critical relevance statement: This study identifies the decision-making criteria with the highest consensus rate among participating academic sarcoma centers in diagnosing lipomatous tumors: tumors located deep in the tissue, a tumor size exceeding 7 cm, and associated symptoms emerge as pivotal criteria.
Key points: Standard operating procedures for diagnostic work-up of lipomatous tumors among fourteen sarcoma centers were analyzed. Identified diagnostic criteria are: imaging features, size, growth, symptoms, superficial and trunk location. The highest consensus concerned recommending biopsies for deep tumors > 7 cm with associated symptoms.Depto. de CirugíaFac. de MedicinaFALSEpu
Systematic Review of the Ovitrap Surveillance of Aedes Mosquitoes in Brazil (2012–2022)
No full textAuthor Contributions:
Conceptualization, R.F.S.C.d.N. and N.A.H.; methodology, R.F.S.C.d.N. and N.A.H.; formal analysis, R.F.S.C.d.N., A.d.S.X., T.A.S., D.C.P.C., I.C.d.R., E.O.D. and N.A.H.; investigation, R.F.S.C.d.N., T.A.S., I.C.d.R. and N.A.H.; data curation, R.F.S.C.d.N., A.d.S.X., T.A.S., D.C.P.C., I.C.d.R., E.O.D. and N.A.H.; writing—original draft preparation, R.F.S.C.d.N., A.d.S.X., T.A.S., D.C.P.C., I.C.d.R., E.O.D., P.C.d.S., V.H.F.-d.-L., T.N.L.-C. and N.A.H.; writing—review and editing, R.F.S.C.d.N., A.d.S.X., T.A.S., D.C.P.C., I.C.d.R., E.O.D., P.C.d.S., V.H.F.-d.-L., T.N.L.-C. and N.A.H., visualization, T.A.S. and N.A.H.; supervision, N.A.H.; project administration, N.A.H.; funding acquisition, N.A.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscriptBackground: Arthropod-borne diseases primarily affect tropical and subtropical regions, exhibiting seasonal patterns that peak during hot and rainy months when conditions favor mosquito vector proliferation. Factors such as high temperatures, elevated humidity, rainfall, urbanization, and the abundance of natural and artificial breeding sites influence Aedes vector dynamics. In this context, arboviruses pose significant public health challenges, likely worsened by global warming. In Brazil, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the primary vector for yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is an important global arbovirus vector and is considered a potential vector in Brazil. Entomological surveillance of these species often uses oviposition traps targeting immature stages. Evaluating studies that use ovitraps to collect Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus egg is essential for improving mosquito surveillance strategies. This study systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles on ovitrap-based surveillance of Aedes mosquitoes in Brazil, published in Portuguese and English from 2012 to 2022. The findings suggest that ovitraps are an effective method for detecting the presence or absence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, serving as a reliable proxy for estimating mosquito abundance in Brazilian contexts.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Depto. de Sanidad AnimalCentro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET)TRUEpu
Resting state functional connectivity and working memory in healthy older adults: a comparative analysis between PLV and ciPLV
No full textEl envejecimiento, incluso en personas cognitivamente sanas, está irremediablemente asociado a un progresivo deterioro de las funciones cognitivas. Desde la electrofisiología, la integridad de las conexiones cerebrales en estado de reposo se ha demostrado como un marcador asociado a la salud cerebral. Este trabajo explora la existencia de marcadores funcionales relacionados con el rendimiento en una tarea neuropsicológica asociada a la memoria de trabajo: el Span de Dígitos directos e inversos. Para ello, se han empleado matrices de conectividad funcional, calculadas con los métodos PLV y ciPLV, obtenidas de 289 registros de magnetoencefalografía de actividad cerebral en reposo. Para las bandas theta, alfa, beta y gamma, se han buscado subredes, dentro de la Red Neuronal por Defecto (DMN), la Red Ejecutiva Central (ECN) y la Red de Saliencia (SAL), cuya conectividad estuviera asociada al rendimiento en la tarea cognitiva. Los resultados solo muestran correlaciones significativas para el Span de Dígitos directo, obteniendo subredes en todas las redes para las bandas theta, beta y gamma mediante PLV, y únicamente para beta mediante ciPLV. En todos los casos, una mayor conectividad correlaciona positivamente con el rendimiento en la tarea. Los resultados sugieren que ciPLV presenta un balance más fiable entre sensibilidad y resistencia a interferencias, funcionando como un método más realista y útil desde la Neuropsicología. A pesar de ello, se destaca la importancia de la selección del método de estimación de acuerdo con los objetivos de estudio, considerando su sensibilidad y especificidad.Aging, even in cognitively healthy individuals, is inevitably associated with a progressive decline in cognitive function. From an electrophysiological perspective, the integrity of resting-state brain connectivity has been shown to be a marker associated with brain health. This work explores the existence of functional markers related to performance in a neuropsychological task associated with working memory: the forward and reverse digit span. To this end, functional connectivity matrices were used, calculated using the PLV and ciPLV methods, obtained from 289 magnetoencephalographic recordings of resting-state brain activity. For the theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, subnetworks within the default mode network (DMN), the central executive network (CEN), and the salience network (SAL) whose connectivity was associated with performance on the cognitive task were searched. The results only found significant correlations for the direct Digit Span, obtaining subnetworks in all networks for theta, beta, and gamma bands using PLV, and only for beta using ciPLV. In all cases, greater connectivity correlated positively with task performance. Results suggest that ciPLV offers a more reliable balance between sensitivity and resistance to interference, serving as a more realistic and useful method from a neuropsychological perspective. Despite this, we emphasize the importance of selecting the estimation method based on the study objectives, considering its sensitivity and specificity.Depto. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y FisioterapiaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasFac. de MedicinaTRUEunpu
Validación de los índices del tamaño del efecto clínicamente significativo en los diseños de caso único
No full textBackground: The aim of the study was to examine the validity of clinically significant effect size (CSES) indices proposed by Sanz and García-Vera (2015) for data analysis of single-case designs. The CSES indices bring together nonoverlap effect size (NES) indices with the statistical approach to clinical significance of Jacobson and Truax. Method: A total of 30 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder who had received psychological treatment were assessed using multiple measures of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the association between CSES indices and three NES indices (PND, PEM, and NAP), as well as with two therapeutic success criteria at posttreatment. Results: CSES indices were found to correlate significantly with the NES indices (r = .48-1.00) and with the two posttreatment criteria (r = .37-|.62|). Conclusions: These results support the convergent and criterion validity of the CSES indices for data analysis of single-case designs.Antecedentes: El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la validez de los índices de tamaño del efecto clínicamente significativo (CSES) propuestos por Sanz y García-Vera (2015) para el análisis de datos en diseños de caso único. Estos índices combinan los índices de no superposición (NES) con el enfoque estadístico de significación clínica de Jacobson y Truax. Método: Se evaluó a 30 pacientes con trastorno de estrés postraumático que habían recibido tratamiento psicológico mediante diversas medidas de sintomatología. Se realizaron análisis correlacionales entre los índices CSES y tres índices NES (PND, PEM y NAP), así como con dos criterios de éxito terapéutico tras el tratamiento. Resultados: Los índices CSES mostraron correlaciones significativas con los NES (r = .48-1.00) y con los criterios postratamiento (r = .37-|.62|). Conclusiones: Los resultados respaldan la validez convergente y de criterio de los índices CSES en el análisis de diseños de caso único.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesDepto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología ClínicaFac. de PsicologíaTRUEpu
Detection of Audio Copy-Move and Splicing Forgery using different Deep Learning Models
No full textTrabajo de Fin de Grado en Ingeniería del Software, Facultad Informática UCM, Departamento de Ingeniería de Software e Inteligencia Artificial (ISIA), Curso 2024/2025Actualmente, debido al avance tecnol ́ogico de los ́ultimos a ̃nos y al aumento en el uso de las redes sociales, es cada vez mas común encontrar falsificaciones de archivos multimedia que se comparten y circulan en nuestro entorno. Adem ́as, la creciente sofisticación de las tecnicas utilizadas para estas manipulaciones hace que su detección sea cada vez más complicada. En este trabajo se plantea una solución enfocada en la detección de dichas manipulaciones, centrándonos específicamente en archivos de audio. Para ello, adoptamos el enfoque de algoritmos de aprendizaje profundo, considerados entre las opciones más eficaces dentro del campo de la inteligencia artificial. Como parte del estudio, las muestras originales y alteradas son transformadas en imágenes llamadas espectrogramas. Esta conversión tiene como finalidad realizar un preprocesamiento que facilite la extracción de características relevantes para el posterior aprendizaje del modelo. La arquitectura empleada, basada en redes neuronales, permite identificar y clasificar estas muestras etiquetadas mediante un proceso de entrenamiento y validación. Estos modelos destacan por su resistencia y capacidad de adaptación , lo que posibilita incorporar diferentes tipos de manipulaciones en el análisis. En concreto, en este trabajo se propone una clasificación en tres categorías distintas de alteración. Los resultados experimentales confirman que este tipo de análisis, utilizando algoritmos de aprendizaje automático, ofrece un desempeño sobresaliente, posicionándose como un enfoque altamente eficiente.Currently, due to the technological advancements of recent years and the increasing use of social media, it has become increasingly common to encounter falsified multimedia files that are shared and circulated within our environment. Moreover, the growing sophistication of the techniques used for these manipulations makes their detection progressively more challenging. This work proposes a solution focused on the detection of such manipulations, specifically targeting audio files. To achieve this, we adopt the approach of deep learning algorithms, considered among the most effective options within the field of artificial intelligence. As part of the study, the original and altered samples are converted into images known as spectrograms. This conversion aims to carry out a preprocessing step that facilitates the feature extraction of relevant features for the model’s subsequent learning.
The architecture employed, based on neural networks, enables the identification and classification of these labeled samples through a training and validation process. These models stand out for their robustness and adaptability, which allows for the incorporation of various types of forgeries into the analysis. Specifically, this work proposes a classification into three distinct categories of alteration. The experimental results confirm that this type of analysis, using machine learning algorithms, delivers outstanding performance, positioning it as a highly efficient approach.Depto. de Ingeniería de Software e Inteligencia Artificial (ISIA)Fac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu