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Legitimizing ISDS: Can Third-Parties Advance Sustainability Interests?
No full textpeer reviewedThe study of the uneasy interplay between investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) and sustainable development has already caused a great deal of ink to flow. While there are some separate attempts to align international investment agreements (IIAs) with sustainable development goals, most IIAs cannot accommodate such objectives within their traditional frameworks. These tensions are especially evident when an investment tribunal is invited to decide on a dispute that ultimately produces long-term effects on societies. Amicus curiae and other forms of third-party participation can enhance sustainable development standards within international investment law, constituting one of the crucial procedural pillars between these two competing regimes. This article scrutinizes various forms of third-party participation in defending sustainable development standards in the context of existing transparency and accountability safeguards in investment arbitration. It explores the general legal standards and developments in judicial practice, the critical modifications of investment treaties and arbitration rules and assesses their impact on revitalizing third-party participation, primarily through amicus curiae briefs, to advance compliance with sustainable development standards
A Critical Economic Model for Fault Tolerance in Large-Scale Systems: Checkpointing vs. In-Memory Replication
Get PDFJacques Santer
No full textpeer reviewedJacques Santer (born 1937) is a prominent Luxembourg politician and statesman. He served as Minister for Finance, Labour and Social Security (1979-1984), Prime Minister (1984-1995) and President of the European Commission (1995-1999). He led the Christian Social People’s Party (1974-1982) and was involved in the establishment of
the European People’s Party in 1976, subsequently serving as EPP President (1987-2000). Santer boosted Luxembourg’s strategic outlook by focusing on the knowledge economy, promoting the satellite project, digitalisation and media diversification. He consolidated Luxembourg’s social protection and European role, as seen in the
negotiations for the Single European Act, the Treaty of Maastricht and the Schengen Agreements. The Santer Commission strengthened Euro-Atlantic relations and oversaw the introduction of EMU and the euro. In 1992, Santer co-founded the Academy of European Law (ERA), which he headed for two decades.Routledge Online Research Encyclopaedia for European Studies10. Reduced inequalities8. Decent work and economic growth9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure16. Peace, justice and strong institutions17. Partnerships for the goal
Scalable and Fine-Tuned Privacy Pass from Group Verifiable Random Functions
Get PDFpeer reviewedAnonymous token schemes are cryptographic protocols for limiting the access to online resources to credible users. The resource provider issues a set of access tokens to the credible user that they can later redeem anonymously, i.e., without the provider being able to link their redemptions. When combined with credibility tests such as CAPTCHAs, anonymous token schemes can significantly increase user experience and provider security, without exposing user access patterns to providers. Current anonymous token schemes such as the Privacy Pass protocol by Davidson et al. rely on oblivious pseudorandom functions (OPRFs), which let server and user jointly compute randomly looking access tokens. For those protocols, token issuing costs are linear in the number of requested tokens. In this work, we propose a new approach for building anonymous token schemes. Instead of relying on two-party computation to realize a privacy-preserving pseudorandom function evaluation, we propose to offload token generation to the user by using group verifiable random functions (GVRFs). GVRFs are a new cryptographic primitive that allow users to produce verifiable pseudorandomness. Opposed to standard VRFs, verification is anonymous within the group of credible users. We give a construction of group VRFs from the Dodis-Yampolskiy VRF and Equivalence-Class Signatures, based on pairings and a new Diffie-Hellman inversion assumption that we analyze in the Generic Group Model. Our construction enjoys compact public keys and proofs, while evaluation and verification costs are only slightly increased compared to the Dodis-Yampolskiy VRF. By deploying a group VRF instead of a OPRF, we obtain an anonymous token scheme where communication as well as server-side computation during the issuing phase is constant and independent of the number of tokens a user requests. Moreover, by means of our new concept of * Supported by funding from the topic Engineering Secure Systems of the Helmholtz Association (HGF) and by KASTEL Security Research Labs. † Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under the AMBIZIONE grant "Cryptographic Protocols for Human Authentication and the IoT". ‡ Supported by the NWO Talent Programme Veni (VI.Veni.222.348) and the NWO Gravitation Project QSC. updatable token policies, the number of unspent tokens in circulation can retrospectively (i.e., even after the credibility check) be decreased or increased in order to react to the current or expected network situation. Our tokens are further countable and publicly verifiable. This comes at the cost of higher computational efforts for token redemption and verification as well as somewhat weaker unlinkability guarantees compared to Privacy Pass
Additive Manufacturing Technologies and Their Applications in Dentistry: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFpeer reviewedAdditive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a transformative technology in dentistry, enabling the production of patient-specific dental applications with reduced costs and fabrication times. Despite the growth of applications, a consolidated understanding of current 3D printing technologies, materials, and performance in dental settings remains fragmented. Here, we perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA protocol, retrieving 19 closely related primary studies. The evidence is synthesized across three axes: application domain, AM technology, and critical quality parameters. Dental restorations, prosthetics, crowns, and implants are the most common applications, while fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, digital light processing, selective laser sintering, and laser-directed energy deposition are the most used technologies. AM materials include polymers, metals, and emerging biomaterials. Key quality determinants include dimensional accuracy, wear and corrosion resistance, and photosensitivity. Notably, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity remain underexplored yet critical factors for ensuring long-term clinical safety. The evidence also suggests a lack of in vivo studies, insufficient tribological and microbiological testing, including limited data degradation pathways of AM materials under oral conditions. Understanding that there are disconnects between the realization of the clinical and the economic benefits of 3D printing in dentistry, future research requires standardized testing frameworks and long-term biocompatibility validation.9. Industry, innovation and infrastructur
The European Parliament’s Role in Upholding the Rights to Privacy and to Personal Data Protection within the European Union Human-centric Model of Digital Transformation
No full textIn recent years, the digital transformation has significantly accelerated. Privacy and personal data regulations have proliferated globally, while major economic and geopolitical powers compete to project their own model worldwide. Among these powers is the European Union (EU), which advocates for a human-centric vision of digital transformation and relies on a robust regulatory framework. At the heart of this model are fundamental rights such as the rights to privacy and to personal data protection enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. Conversely, for example, the United States (US) model is rooted in free-market principles and embraces a limited role for the government. It is illustrative that no comprehensive federal privacy law exists yet in the US, whilst the EU has adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), an omnibus regulation that came into application in 2018. Scholars have paid significant attention to examining and comparing both models of digital transformation. However, the role of legislatures in upholding the rights to privacy and to personal data protection within each model remains overlooked. This limited academic interest is particularly evident regarding the European Parliament (EP), thereby neglecting its critical role as co-legislator in these matters within the EU model and its contribution to promoting a values-driven digital transformation globally. This contribution is particular relevant in a time of growing autocratization. Using process tracing as a method of empirical analysis, this paper contributes to filling this gap in the literature. It examines the role of the EP in shaping the EU human-centric approach to digital transformation by upholding the right to privacy and to personal data protection over time, especially regarding the GDPR
Enhanced Throughput and Seamless Handover Solutions for Urban 5G-Vehicle C-Band Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks
Get PDFpeer reviewedThis paper investigates downlink transmission in 5G Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks (ISTNs) supporting automotive users (UEs) in urban environments, where base stations (BSs) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites (LSats) cooperate to serve moving UEs over shared C-band frequency carriers.
Urban settings, characterized by dense obstructions, together with UE mobility, and the dynamic movement and coverage of LSats pose significant challenges to user association and resource allocation.
To address these challenges, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem designed to improve both throughput and seamless handover (HO). Particularly, the formulated problem balances sum-rate (SR) maximization and connection change (CC) minimization through a weighted trade-off by jointly optimizing power allocation and BS-UE/LSat-UE associations over a given time window.
This is a mixed-integer and non-convex problem which is inherently difficult to solve. To solve this problem efficiently, we propose an iterative algorithm based on the Successive Convex Approximation (SCA) technique. Furthermore, we introduce a practical prediction-based algorithm capable of providing efficient solutions in real-world implementations. Especially, the simulations use a realistic 3D map of London and UE routes obtained from the Google Navigator application to ensure practical examination. Thanks to these realistic data, the simulation results can show valuable insights into the link budget assessment in urban areas due to the impact of buildings on transmission links under the blockage, reflection, and diffraction effects. Furthermore, the numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms in terms of SR and the CC-number compared to the greedy and benchmark algorithms
Benchmarking Pre-Trained Time Series Models for Electricity Price Forecasting
Get PDFpeer reviewedU-AGR-8168 - ENOVOS Finatrax - FRIDGEN Gilbert9. Industry, innovation and infrastructur
Europe Direct Université du Luxembourg - Rapport d'activités annuel 2023-2024
Get PDFThe 2023–2024 Activity Report of the Europe Direct Centre at the University of Luxembourg - a competitive public history project co-funded by the European Union for the period 2021–2025, and led by the C²DH - presents a curated overview of 83 diverse events — 38 held in 2023 and 45 in 2024 — including conferences, exhibitions, study days, debates, and both traditional and digital publications. These activities took place primarily on the University’s Belval campus and were organized in collaboration with a network of over sixty partners — academic institutions, public bodies, civic associations, and local organizations —from across the continent. The events brought together a broad international and multicultural audience, particularly young people from various backgrounds.Le Rapport d’activités pour les années 2023-2024 du Centre Europe Direct de l’Université du Luxembourg - projet compétitif d’histoire publique co-financé par l’Union européenne pour la période 2021-2025 et piloté par Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C²DH) - passe en revue une sélection de 83 manifestations variées (conférences, expositions, journées d’études, débats, publications classiques et digitales, etc.), dont 38 en 2023 et 45 en 2024 – déroulées notamment sur le campus de l’Université à Belval – organisées en coopération avec un réseau de plus de soixante partenaires (académiques, institutionnels, associations citoyennes et structures locales) à travers le continent, et ayant réuni un nombreux public international et multiculturel venant d’horizons différents.Europe Direct at the University of Luxembourg (2021-2025)4. Quality education17. Partnerships for the goals5. Gender equalit
Beauty-Wahn und Depression: Bräuchte Luxemburg ein Social-Media-Verbot für Minderjährige?
No full textAustralien hat ein Nutzungsverbot für soziale Medien für Jugendliche beschlossen. Doch wie sinnvoll ist eine solche Maßnahme und wäre sie auch in Luxemburg von Nutzen?Luxemburger Wor