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Russian business leaders speaking out on the Ukraine invasion as a litmus test of a firm’s ESG
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From Extinction in Luxembourg to Resurrection in China. The Belval Blast Furnace in the midst of global industrial transformation
No full textFLUX: Fluide Intelligenz Luxemburg - Test zur Erfassung kognitiver Fähigkeiten im multikulturellen und mehrsprachigen Kontext im Zyklus 3.1
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LLM-assisted Extraction of Regulatory Requirements: A Case Study on the GDPR
Full text linkpeer reviewedModern software systems increasingly rely on personal data. Despite the enforcement of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the growing awareness about privacy and data protection, many individuals’ rights remain unsatisfactorily implemented in software systems. This is partially due to the knowledge gap between legal interpretation and software development. In this paper, we address this gap first by extracting, in close collaboration with legal experts, a list of 108 requirements pertinent to the right of access (ACC) and the right to portability (PRT), two fundamental rights under the GDPR. We further propose the XTRAREG approach, which utilizes large language models (LLMs) and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) to provide automated assistance in extracting privacy requirements from predefined legal sources. Compared to the manually extracted requirements, XTRAREG can automatically generate requirements with an accuracy of 81.8% for ACC and 56.7% for PRT. Our empirical evaluation reveals two notable observations: (i) A skewed performance in the favor of ACC, indicating the significant impact of abundant training data of the LLM, (ii) despite explicit exposure of legal references through RAG, the LLM generates requirements predominantly from the GDPR.U-AGR-7511 - NCER22/NCER-FT_RegCheck_UL - KLEIN Jacque
Teacher Guidance and On-the-Fly Scaffolding in Primary School Students' Inquiry Learning
Full text linkpeer reviewedIn primary science education, inquiry-based science instruction stands out as an optimal learning environment for fostering domain-specific content and procedural knowledge. Recognizing the effectiveness of different forms of teacher guidance, there is an ongoing debate about the planning of high (structured inquiry) and low (guided inquiry) guidance and their optimal sequencing. This debate revolves around balancing the level of autonomy and the amount of conceptual information given to students. Furthermore, the complete understanding of the impact of responsive teaching, which encompasses a broad range of practices, including on-the-fly scaffolding such as Promoting Participation, Focusing, and Problematizing, remains elusive. To address this gap, this study examines the relationship between planned teacher guidance and specific instances of responsive teaching, particularly on-the-fly scaffolding in the inquiry-based science classroom. A pre-posttest design was employed, involving 164 primary school students (M = 9.9 years, SD = 0.66, 57% female) and one female experimenter. Domain-specific content knowledge contained science concepts of thermal insulation, whereas procedural knowledge comprised the application of the control-of-variables strategy. The sequential order of planned teacher guidance, structured inquiry, and guided inquiry, was systematically varied, and the experimenter was allowed to provide spontaneous on-the-fly scaffolding. The study assesses the influence of planned teacher guidance and specific instances of responsive teaching, particularly on-the-fly scaffolding on students' conceptual and procedural knowledge. Results indicate no differential learning effects based on the order of planned guidance. However, when planned guided inquiry was provided second, the teacher gave less on-the-fly scaffolding. Additionally, Problematizing had a positive effect, while Focusing had a negative effect on students' procedural knowledge learning.4. Quality educatio
Building minds with blocks: The impact of a play-based professional development on preschool teachers' competencies and children's learning
Full text linkpeer reviewedThe study examined the impact of Professional Development (PD) on preschool teachers' content knowledge (CK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and scaffolding practice. In a pre-post-follow-up design, 77 teachers were assigned to three groups (EG1: block play curriculum materials + PD, EG2: block-play curriculum materials, CG: no materials). Results showed improvements in teachers' scaffolding after the PD, but no changes in CK or PCK. The use of block-play curriculum materials and scaffolding was associated with an improvement in children's math knowledge, but not with their stability knowledge. The study highlights the need for practice-oriented PD aligned with preschool teachers' everyday practice
Network Energy Saving for 6G and Beyond: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Full text linkpeer reviewedNetwork energy saving has received great attention from operators and vendors to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions to the environment as well as significantly reduce costs for mobile network operators. However, the design of energy-saving networks also needs to ensure that mobile users' (MUs) QoS requirements such as throughput requirements (TR). This work considers a mobile cellular network including many ground base stations (GBSs), and some GBSs are intentionally turned off due to network energy saving (NES) or crash, so the MUs located in these outage GBSs are not served in time. Based on this observation, we propose the problem of maximizing the total achievable throughput in the network by optimizing the GBSs' antenna tilt and adaptive transmission power with a given number of served MUs satisfied. Notice that, the MU is considered successfully served if its Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and throughput requirement are satisfied. The formulated optimization problem becomes difficult to solve with multiple binary variables and nonconvex constraints along with random throughput requirements and random placement of MUs. We propose a Deep Q-learning-based algorithm to help the network learn the uncertainty and dynamics of the transmission environment. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves much better performance than the benchmark schemes
L'indépendance des juges et l'utilisation de l'intelligence artificielle par les juridictions pénales
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI), already used sporadically by law enforcement, could become a decision-support tool for criminal judges. However, its integration into the criminal justice system must strictly respect the principle of the independence of judges, a cornerstone of the rule of law. This principle, insufficiently updated in French law, requires redefinition in light of the new challenges posed by AI. Analysing the influences this technology may exert on judges is essential to ensuring a fair trial. It is crucial to distinguish between authorised and forbidden influences and to identify the conditions under which AI’s influence can be permitted in the context of the independence of judges. This involves examining each phase of the AI lifecycle, the development, the deployment, and the use, to safeguard the independence of judges. A multidisciplinary approach, combining legal, technical, and cognitive sciences perspectives, is essential to properly regulate this deployment.R-AGR-3845 - PRIDE19/14268506 DILLAN_Common - HOFMANN Herwig C
Concrete bridge monitoring through spatially distributed fibre optic sensing
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Enjeux transfrontaliers au sein de l’espace européen francophone. Perspective infirmière depuis la Belgique
No full textpeer reviewedEn Belgique les enjeux transfrontaliers en matière de soins infirmiers sont une préoccupation émergente. Une série d’ enjeux individuels, organisationnels et sociétaux, de part et d’autre de la frontière franchie, ont pu être identifiés au moyen d’un entretien de groupe de leaders infirmiers nationaux issus de cinq pays européens. Il apparait aussi que ce phénomène est encore peu documenté et mérite d’être étudié davantage.3. Good health and well-bein