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The role of the different neoglottis forms in the development of esophageal voice
No full textEvaluation of voice quality parameters of esophageal speech in different neoglottis forms after total laryngectomy. Methods:
Presentation of voice analysis of 20 patients, who underwent total laryngectomy. The success of acquiring
this technique was estimated by means of a voice analyzing program (pitch, sound-holding, loudness, spectrogram),
and by the intelligibility via the telephone. Shape of the different types of neoglottis that developed and its functioning
during vocalization and continuous speech were observed by nasal endoscopy. Data obtained from the voice analysis
were compared among the observed three different neoglottis forms.
Results:
The average dysphonia index of the 20
patients was 1.67
± 0.38 (mean
± SD). Nasal fiberoscopic examination revealed three different types of neoglottis
forms – a small mucosal button, two mucosal battens, and a mucosal lip. Voice quality of the esophageal speech of
the patients with the mucosal button was found to be the closest to normal by subjective and objective acoustical
evaluation.
Conclusions:
These findings emphasize the importance of the proper wound closure technique which can
facilitate the development of a special button shape neoglottis form and help to acquire esophageal speech with the
best quality parameters shortly after total laryngectomy.
Keywords:
laryngectomy, voice quality, speech, esophageal, dysphonia inde
Genetic effects on refraction and correlation with hemodynamic variables: A twin study
No full textSpherical equivalent (SE) has not been linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity. Methods:
132 Hungarian twins
(age 43.3±16.9 years) underwent refraction measurements (Huvitz MRK-3100 Premium AutoRefractokeratometer)
and oscillometry (TensioMed Arteriograph).
Results:
Heritability analysis indicated major role for genetic
components in the presence of right and left SE (82.7%, 95%CI, 62.9 to 93.7%, and 89.3%, 95%CI, 72.8 to 96.6%),
while unshared environmental effects accounted for 17% (95%CI, 6.3% to 37%), and 11% (95%CI, 3.4% to 26.7%)
of variations adjusted for age and sex. Bilateral SE showed weak age-dependent correlations with augmentation
index (AIx), aortic pulse wave velocity (r ranging between 0.218 and 0.389, all
p
< 0.01), aortic systolic blood
pressure and pulse pressure (r between 0.188 and 0.289,
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions:
These findings support heritability
of spherical equivalent, which does not coexist with altered hemodynamics (e.g. accelerated arterial aging).
Accordingly, SE and the investigated hemodynamic parameters seem neither phenotypically nor genetically
associated.
Keywords:
arterial stiffness, augmentation index, genetics, heritability, refractio
Proportional Contribution and Potential of Maternal and Paternal Genotypes for Polyhaploid Induction in Wheat × Imperata cylindrica Chromosome Elimination Approach
No full textThe Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach has been identified as the most efficient system of doubled haploidy breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The present investigation was carried out to assess the mean performance of diverse I. cylindrica genotypes (five) collected from different locations and wheat F1s (21) generated out of various elite winter and spring wheat ecotypes. Also, the proportional contribution of wheat F1s and I. cylindrica genotypes was evaluated to find out the relative contribution of maternal and paternal parents to haploid induction. The investigation revealed that the mean response of wheat and I. cylindrica to haploid induction parameters, viz. pseudoseed formation, embryo formation, haploid regeneration and haploid formation varies from wheat and I. cylindrica genotype to genotype. The I. cylindrica genotype, Ic-Aru from north east Himalayas and wheat genotype, DH 114 × KWS 29 exhibited highest mean performance to haploid embryo formation, the stage for which all the three contributors, that is, wheat F1s, I. cylindrica genotypes and wheat × I. cylindrica interaction were found to be similar for their proportional contribution (%) towards haploid induction. Thus, concluding that the haploid induction through preferential chromosome elimination approaches can be enhanced by using more efficient pollinators
Brachypodium distachyon Cell Suspension Cultures: Establishment and Utilisation
No full textBrachypodium distachyon is emerging as the model species for temperate monocotyledonous grasses of the Pooideae, and the genome of the B. distachyon community inbred line Bd21 has recently been sequenced. Here, we report the development of a procedure for the efficient establishment of a cell suspension culture derived from calli. We show that embryogenic potential is maintained in 3-month-old cultures as the cells were positively labelled by the monoclonal antibody, JIM8 which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope often present in arabinogalactan proteins found in the cell walls of cells in embryogenic cultures. Additionally, we were able to regenerate plants from these cell suspension cultures. The cell suspension culture we have established can also be used in studies on plant programmed cell death (PCD). Our results clearly demonstrate that B. distachyon cells can undergo apoptosis-like PCD (AL-PCD) as visualised by the characteristic retraction of the protoplast from the cell wall. As B. distachyon is genetically related to important temperate cereal grass crops like wheat and barley, the ability to utilise cell suspension cultures of B. distachyon to dissect the underlying mechanisms PCD will have important implications for understanding developmental processes in economically important cereal crops
Molecular marker-based characterization of a set of wheat genotypes adapted to Central Europe
No full textIn this study we evaluate the genetic diversity of a selection of wheat accessions characteristically grown and adapted to mid-European environments, using various molecular marker systems. Thirty-three simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used alongside genic markers for known dwarfing genes, flowering time genes, and grain hardness genes, namely Rht-B1, Rht-D1, Ppd-D1, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Pinb-D1. In addition, variation was scored for the high-molecular-weight glutenin storage proteins, responsible for dough technological quality. A dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA algorithm, based on the molecular data and the country of origin, giving an overview of their genetic similarity and relationships. The potential for the use of some agronomic traits in breeding, by providing a basis for multi-trait genetic selection in wheat breeding programs is discussed. Estimating the breeding values of crops using multiple genetic markers might help in breeding for varieties with good technological quality for growing under desired climatic conditions
Molecular characterization of a novel HMW glutenin subunit Dx2.3*<sup>t</sup> from Aegilops tauschii
No full textHigh molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits are important seed storage proteins in wheat and its related species. Novel HMWglutenin subunits in Aegilops tauschii accession of TA2484 were detected and characterized. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the y-type subunit from TA2484 displayed similar electrophoretic mobility compared to that of 1Dy12 subunit. However, the electrophoretic mobility of x-type subunit was faster than that of 1Dx2 subunit. The primary structure of the two cloned subunits from TA2484 was similar to that of the x- and y-type subunits reported before. However, the 148 residues of the x-type subunit, which contained the sequence element GHCPTSLQQ, in the middle of the repetitive domain was quite different from other x-type subunits. Moreover, the 68 residues in this region were identical to those of the y-type subunits from the same accession. Consequently, 1Dx2.3*t (x-type subunit of TA2484) contains an extra cystenin residue located at the repetitive domain, which is novel compared to the x-type subunits reported so far. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that two subunits from accession TA2484 were in the x- and y-type subunit cluster, but bootstrapping value of 100% gave high support for the spilt between two subunits (1Dx2.3*t and 1Dy12.3*t) and their alleles, respectively. A hypothesis on the genetic mechanism generating this novel sequence of 1Dx2.3*t subunit is suggested
Root trait characteristics and genotypic response in wheat under different water regimes
No full textUnder limiting water resources, root system response of genotypes to soil-water conditions with enhanced shoot biomass holds the key for development of improved genotypes. Based on the hypothesis of root biomass contribution to higher yields under limiting conditions which might be attributed to the root system plasticity of genotypes, a set of thirty-four genotypes were evaluated under three moisture regimes in a pot experiment for root system traits. Total root dry matter had a positive association with total shoot dry matter (0.35). The identified genotypes showed greater yields and higher stress tolerance index (STI) in an independent field experiment. Root dry matter positively correlated with stress tolerance index on grain yields in both the years. The total variation was partitioned into principal components and GGE biplots were studied to identify the best performing genotypes under the three environments for root dry biomass and related traits. HD2932 appeared to be the winner genotype under different regimes. These results might be helpful in identifying donors for moisture stress tolerance that can be utilized in wheat breeding programmes for accelerated development of varieties with improved root systems
Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in milling fractions of purple wheat
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of four milling fractions of purple wheat breeding lines grown in 2010. Radical scavenging activity by the DPPH assay and reducing power of the samples were determined, as well as the content of polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins. The obtained results showed that flour fractions (break and reduction flour) had lower total antioxidant potential than bran fractions (fine and coarse bran). A significant correlation was obtained between the DPPH and reducing power assay (R2 = 0.87). The correlation between antioxidant assays and polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin content suggested that polyphenols in cereals are responsible for the antioxidant activities
Effect of exogenous zinc supply on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and some growth parameters in different wheat genotypes
No full textA two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effect of three zinc levels 0, 20 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 and 20 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 solution on plant height, leaf area, shoot biomass, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in different wheat genotypes. Increasing zinc levels was found to be beneficial in improving growth and physiological aspects of genotypes. Soil application + foliar spray proved to be the best application in improving all the parameters. Zinc application brought about a maximum increment limit of 41.8% in plant height, 101.8% in leaf area, 86% in shoot biomass and 51.1% in photosynthetic rate irrespective of stages and year of study. A variation was found to occur among genotypes in showing responses towards zinc application and PBW 550 was found to be more responsive
Energy and climate simulations and management system in the Szentágothai research center
No full textThe Szentágothai János Research Center in Pécs brings computer based building physics simulations to reality closer than ever. This high class building ads ground to several medical research programs and lectures, but it also gives a rare opportunity to improve computer simulations with its’ Building Management System (BMS from now on). The system does not only allow the complex building services system to be remotely controlled from a single computer, but also gathers important data related to the buildings’ physical performance, for example: room temperatures; air flow rates; geothermal pipe performance; and energy consumption of heat pumps. By comparing the results of a zone based building physics simulation model of the building, enhancement of the precision of the simulations and optimization of the actual buildings energy consumption can be done, by trying out different maintenance strategies.The first step is to build the computer model to be as precise as possible. In the zone based physical model, energy flows between zones, but the zones themselves often lack precise physical attributes, like energy loss through heat bridges. In this paper we will show how 2D finite element heat transfer simulations improve, zone base whole building simulations