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Real-time R-peak detection in wearable electrocardiography using a deep learning model
No full textElectrocardiography (ECG) is a crucial diagnostic measurement technique to map the electrical activity of the heart and provide essential insights on cardiac activity. This study presents a wearable ECG monitoring solution using graphene conductive textile electrodes integrated into a neckband for continuous ECG monitoring with real-time R-peak detection based on a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based deep-learning model. To enhance R-peak detection accuracy, raw ECG data from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database were utilized. Following the training, the model was also tested on a 30-minute-long ECG data collected from the prototyped wearable neckband, with excellent R-peak detection accuracy of up to 97.2%
Preventing irritant diaper dermatitis: a comparative analysis of diapering practices in Turkey and worldwide
No full textThis study assesses the diaper choices, diapering practices, and irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD) prevention strategies in Turkey and compares them to the practices worldwide. A Computer-Assisted Web Interview was conducted with 306 mothers, nursing their infants between 0 and 3 years. The average daily diaper usage was 6.3, with a higher utilization during daytime. Concerningly, 44.4% of infants exhibited skin issues. In total, 63.7% of parents observed the occurrence of IDD during the first month, with 39.9% indicating its continued presence afterwards. The IDD predominantly affected the buttocks and genitalia. Many parents sought medical advice for IDD. Regarding interventions, 56.9% of parents believed that anti-rash products were effective. The primary reason for brand preference was the presence of an elastic waistband. Parents were willing to adopt a novel anti-rash diaper. The research underscored the widespread occurrence of IDD, emphasizing the susceptibility of young infants. Diapering practices and preventive measures varied across various countries
Fiber level catalyst-free oxidative carboxylation enhances physical properties of wood polymer composites
Get PDFThe widespread use of environmentally friendly medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels as a wood composites is driven by their versatility, affordability, and durability. However, reliance on traditional wood preservatives and modifications raises significant environmental, health, and cost concerns due to harmful chemicals. To address this, we present a one-step nitric acid steam oxidative modification on wood fibers to directly introduce carboxylic acid groups on the surface and eliminate the need for catalysts, organic solvents, or complex multistep procedures often used in traditional methods, such as TEMPO-mediated oxidation. Our multiscale characterization techniques revealed significant changes in the morphology, crystallinity, and surface features of the treated wood fibers, which directly translated to enhanced bulk mechanical properties of the wood composites. Remarkably, the internal bond strength (IBS) of the wood panels increased from 0.27 MPa in untreated panels to 0.89 MPa in panels treated with 5% carboxylated (CA) fibers, suggesting a 3.3-fold enhancement. Additionally, the water uptake of the modified panels was dramatically reduced, with 5% CA-treated panels absorbing only 3.46% compared with 30.38% in unmodified panels, signifying dimensional stability. Furthermore, the curing temperature of the adhesive with CA-treated fibers was lowered by 50°C without reducing composite strength, highlighting significant energy savings. Also, formaldehyde emissions from the 10% CA-modified panels were reduced by 14.82% compared with unmodified panels, aligning with regulatory standards. These findings demonstrate that catalyst-free oxidation enhances adhesive bonding and mechanical performance in wood composites while providing an eco-friendly method for lignocellulosic fiber modification. Highlights: Catalyst-free, one-step oxidation of wood fibers with nitric acid steam. Carboxylation greatly enhanced fiber bonding with adhesives. Modified fibers improved panel strength and reduced water absorption. Lower curing temperature offers energy savings in production
Gender inequality and economic growth: evidence from industry-level data
No full textThis paper examines whether higher gender equality facilitates economic growth by enabling better utilization of female labor. By allocating female labor to its more productive use, we hypothesize that reducing gender inequality should disproportionately benefit industries with relatively higher female share in their employment. In a sample of manufacturing industries from 65 EMDEs over the period of 1990–2018, we find a positive growth differential of about 26 percentage points over a decade between industries with a high and low female share in employment when they are located in a low gender inequality country compared to a country with high gender inequality
Large deflection analysis of functionally graded reinforced sandwich beams with auxetic core using physics-informed neural network
No full textThis paper aims to investigate the large deflection behavior of a sandwich beam reinforced with functionally graded (FG) graphene platelets (GPL) together with an auxetic core, rested on a nonlinear elastic foundation. The nonlinear governing equations of the problem are derived using Hamilton’s principle based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory for large deflections. Five different distributions are considered to describe the dispersion of GPL in the top and bottom faces of the sandwich beam. The Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) method is employed to model the nonlinear deflection of the beam under various boundary conditions. This study highlights the effectiveness of PINN in handling the complexities of nonlinear structural analyses. The findings underscore the impact of the core auxeticity, GPL amount and distribution, and elastic foundation coefficient on the nonlinear deflection of the sandwich beam under different loading scenarios. For instance, using Type I configuration can reduce the deflection of the beam by nearly half compared to using Type IV. Furthermore, a nonlinear foundation with a unit coefficient results in a 48% reduction in deflection compared to the scenario without an elastic foundation
The Impact Of The Ottoman Script And The Alphabet Reform On Spatiotemporal Conceptualization
Get PDFThis study tries to corroborate that the 1928 Alphabet Revolution, a shift in writingdirection, affected the cognition of the intellectuals and readers of that period,particularly their temporal and spatial conception. As the first example of theemerging field of cognitive history in the context of Ottoman and Turkish studies,this endeavor hypothesizes that the script change can transform individuals’ conceptualizationof time. It combines the experimental naturalist method with the interpretivehistorical approach to corroborate historical and contemporary hypotheses,namely the spatiotemporal conception of those past intellectuals and the contemporarybiscriptual conception. The experimental method investigates whether beingbiscriptual—reading one language through different writing systems, particularlywith different writing directions—can reshape individuals’ mental timelines. Thearchival method—reading Çocuk Dünyası comic strips—is used to understand earlyRepublican intellectual and reader spatiotemporal conception. Turkish speakersperformed spatial-temporal congruity tasks with the stimuli consisting of temporalexpressions depicted in the Latin alphabet for only Latin alphabet readers and in theOttoman alphabet for Latin-Ottoman biscriptual readers. Biscriptuals were challengedless while completing incongruent tasks, and monoscriptuals were challengedmuch more. The intellectuals involved in Çocuk Dünyası depicted the comic stripnarrative sequences in a leftward spatiotemporal way in both 1914 and 1926 due tothe script effect despite Westernized adoption and translations in this journal
The Determinants Of Civic Space Crackdowns :Evidence From Human Rights Reports
Get PDFThis thesis examines the effect of threat perception on protest repression by focusingon protest and repression dynamics in Turkey during democratic backsliding.Questioning when and against whom protest repression is more intense, it seeksto understand the determinants of state response to dissent. However, traditionalmedia sourcing and news outlets’ coverage are insufficient in non-democratic settingswhere the media is co-opted, censored, and heavily repressed, which requiresaddressing additional causes of selection bias. To address this problem, I constructand leverage a unique dataset based on human rights reports. The TRACE datasetmeasures protest and repression events in Turkey since 2013 with fine-grained eventcategorization and issue type identification. The comparison with other protestevent datasets illustrates TRACE’s strength in measuring protest repression acrossdifferent issues in Turkey. To analyze changes in protest repression behavior acrossvarious issue types, I employ multinomial logistic regression. Results show that theintensity of protest repression increases with the perceived threat. Further, mobilizationbecomes more threatening to the regime when it is challenged by laborand environmental issues. Ultimately, this thesis aims to provide more insight intotargeted protest repression and threat perceptions in non-democratic regimes
Jordanian And Moroccan Opposition In The PostArab Spring Era
Get PDFThis thesis examines the divergent trajectories of Islamist main opposition partiesin Jordan and Morocco, mainly the Islamic Action Front Party (IAF) and Justiceand Development Party (PJD), in the post-Arab Spring period. By incorporatingIslamist moderation and opposition strategies under electoral authoritarian regimesliterature, this thesis argues that, after their inclusion into the political system, Islamistsutilize a multi-dimensional grand strategy called "strategic moderation" andadapt their rhetoric, behavior, and organizational choices in line with the institutionallogic and redlines of the electoral authoritarian regime (EA) and focus onincremental gains over outright-combative opposition, which would bring repressionand disqualification of the party by the EA regime elites easily. Accordingly, by employinga most similar-system design and a comparative process-tracing approach,this thesis shows that differences in the approaches on utilizing strategic moderation,mainly PJD’s successful implementation and IAF’s failure in doing so by endorsinga combative and confrontational approach due to a rising hawkish Palestinianfaction, shaped the distinct trajectories of the PJD and the IAF in the aftermathof the Arab Spring. It is also argued in this thesis that, when an Islamist party isdominated by actors affiliated with a politically minority group of the country suchas the Palestinians in Jordanian case, its utilization of strategic moderation may besignificantly constrained
Marketing The National Economy : DomesticProduct Advertisements In The Ottoman Market
Get PDFThis study examines the role of advertising in promoting the discourse of the NationalEconomy in the Ottoman Empire during the Second Constitutional Era(1908–1914). Drawing on newspapers and magazines, it analyzes how advertisementsserved as a platform for advancing economic nationalism, encouraging theconsumption of domestic goods, and supporting Muslim–Turkish entrepreneurship.Rather than depicting the National Economy solely as a state-driven project, theresearch highlights its bottom-up expressions and manifestations in everyday life,where individual consumer choices and commercial messaging reflected and reinforcedthe aspiration for economic self-sufficiency. The study also traces the shiftin tone and priorities from the early years of the Second Constitutional Era—whena genuine desire for coexistence shaped public discourse—to the post-Balkan Warsperiod, when changing political and social dynamics redefined the role of advertisingin the service of a more exclusive nationalist agenda. The findings show that advertisingfunctioned not only as a commercial tool but also as a political and culturalinstrument, shaping consumption patterns and contributing to the nation-buildingprocess
When AI Discriminates: Comparing How PeopleRespond To Gender Discrimınation By AI And Humans
Get PDFAs artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integrated into differentdomains, their discriminatory behaviors become more relevant than ever. AIdiscrimination (i.e., AI’s discriminatory behaviors) can affect any group, but disadvantagedgroups, such as women, may be targeted more frequently. However,it remains unclear whether AI discrimination influences people’s attitudes towardstargeted groups and their willingness to challenge the status quo. Thus, this thesisexplores how AI discrimination affects people’s collective action intentions andintergroup attitudes. In two online studies, participants in Turkey (Study 1) andthe United States (Study 2) read about either (1) AI discrimination toward women,(2) humans’ discrimination toward women, or (3) an unrelated topic (i.e., controlcondition), and reported their perceived threat toward women, collective actionintentions for women’s equal treatment, attitudes toward feminists, and attitudestoward women. Findings revealed that AI systems were perceived as less threateningthan human discriminators but led to more perceived threat than the controlcondition. Contrary to expectations, neither AI nor human discriminator conditionssignificantly differed from the control condition in terms of collective action intentionsand attitudes toward women and feminists. These findings offer insights intothe group-level consequences of AI discrimination