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Maria Emanuela Piemontese (a cura di), Il dovere costituzionale di farsi capire. A trent'anni dal Codice di stile, prefazione di Sabino Cassese, Roma, Carocci, 2023, pp. 307
No full textUna breve descrizione dei contenuti del libro, che affronta il tema della lingua utilizzata dalle istituzioni pubbliche in occasione del trentesimo anniversario del «Codice di stile delle comunicazioni scritte ad uso delle amministrazioni pubbliche» promosso nel 1993 da Sabino Cassese, allora ministro della Funzione pubblica. Nel libro – è scritto nella quarta di copertina – «alcuni giuristi e linguisti riflettono sulle cause e sugli ostacoli, vecchi e nuovi, che non permettono ai nostri testi legislativi e amministrativi di raggiungere standard di chiarezza vicini a quelli dei paesi più avanzati. L'obiettivo è incoraggiare quanti hanno responsabilità pubbliche a farsi carico del "dovere costituzionale di farsi capire", come ci ha ricordato spesso Tullio De Mauro» (alcuni testi del quale sono posti in Appendice al volume)
ADHD e disoccupazione: il peso delle comorbidità e dei fattori protettivi - una revisione narrativa
No full textIntroduzione. Il disturbo da deficit di attenzione e iperattività (ADHD) è una condizione del neurosviluppo che può persistere in età adulta, influenzando profondamente il funzionamento psicosociale, in particolare in ambito lavorativo. Nonostante l’aumento dell’interesse per l’ADHD nell’adulto, resta limitata la comprensione delle sue implicazioni occupazionali, specialmente in relazione a fattori contestuali e disturbi in comorbidità.
Obiettivi. La presente narrative review mira a sintetizzare le evidenze disponibili sulla relazione tra ADHD in età adulta ed esiti occupazionali, approfondendo il ruolo delle comorbidità psichiatriche e dei fattori protettivi.
Metodo. È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura scientifica recente, privilegiando studi empirici basati su dati oggettivi (registri amministrativi e banche dati sanitarie), con particolare attenzione alla produzione scandinava, nota per la qualità dei dati clinici e sociooccupazionali.
Risultati. Le evidenze mostrano che gli adulti con ADHD sono maggiormente soggetti a disoccupazione, instabilità lavorativa, assenze prolungate per malattia ed esclusione dal mercato del lavoro. Le comorbidità psichiatriche, in particolare ansia, depressione e uso di sostanze, aggravano significativamente gli esiti occupazionali. Un livello di istruzione superiore si conferma come un importante fattore protettivo, sebbene non sia chiaro se tale traguardo sia accessibile anche ai soggetti con sintomi connessi al disturbo dell’ADHD più marcati. Alcuni studi suggeriscono inoltre un possibile effetto moderatore della stabilità relazionale.
Limiti. Dato che il lavoro si configura come una narrative literature review, non è stata effettuata una valutazione sistematica della qualità metodologica degli studi inclusi. Inoltre, la generalizzabilità dei dati scandinavi ad altri contesti culturali e occupazionali resta da verificare.
Aspetti innovativi. L’utilizzo di dati oggettivi su larga scala, raramente impiegati nella letteratura precedente, consente una visione più affidabile e approfondita dell’impatto dell’ADHD in età adulta sul funzionamento lavorativo, supportando lo sviluppo di interventi mirati e basati su evidenze empiriche
Dramatic response to delayed treatment with tocilizumab in new-onset refractory status epilepticus
No full textNew-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) is a severe condition characterized by seizures that are refractory to conventional treatments and in which a clearly recognizable cause cannot be found, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. However, recent evidence suggests an underlying immunopathogenic mechanism. We present two clinical cases of NORSE that showed an impressive electroclinical response to tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, despite it was administered several weeks after the onset of the symptoms. These findings suggest the role of a suspected aberrant immune response not only in the pathogenesis, but also in the maintenance of this pathological condition, highlighting the importance of considering immunomodulatory interventions in refractory epilepsy cases and raising potential questions regarding the most ideal timing and sequence of therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, tocilizumab may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for NORSE, even if administered late in the course of this pathological condition. Further research is needed to elucidate the possible underlying immunopathogenic mechanisms and to establish the efficacy and safety of immunomodulatory interventions in NORSE
Evaluation of a Semi-Active Upper-Limb Exoskeleton While Performing Material Handling Tasks
No full textWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are still today one of the primary health risks for workers worldwide. Adopting exoskeletons is emerging as a preventive measure in alleviating the musculoskeletal system's workload. This work investigates the effect of a semi-active exoskeleton, a new class of wearable devices, in a simulated industrial environment. The study found a consistent decrease in the average activity of the Anterior Deltoid, Upper Trapezius, and Rectus Abdominis in four different material handling and lifting tasks when the exoskeleton was used. Using the exoskeleton to move a weight between two shelves reduced the activity of 10 measured muscles belonging to the arm and trunk, with a notable 42.6% reduction for the Anterior Deltoid and 46.4% for the Upper Trapezius. The study also showed reduced peak force and slower lifting motion, potentially decreasing the likelihood of WRMSDs. Lastly, using the exoskeleton did not require additional cognitive exertion from the subjects, who also consistently reported a 44.9% reduction in their perceived Effort and a 34.0% reduction in Physical Demand. Despite some negative feedback regarding limited mobility, the study demonstrated the potential of semi-active exoskeletons, achieving good results in tasks and with weights where passive upper-limb exoskeletons are not typically used
"Hände weg von der Politik!" Stefan Zweig, Erika Mitterer und das literarische Leben in Österreich vor 1938
No full textLa miscellanea ricostruisce la vita letteraria in Austria prima e dopo la cesura del 1938, concentrandosi sugli autori della cosiddetta "innere Emigration" e sul rapporto tra Stefan Zweig ed Erika Mitterer
MadCLIP: Few-shot Medical Anomaly Detection with CLIP
No full textAn innovative few-shot anomaly detection approach is pre-sented, leveraging the pre-trained CLIP model for medical data, and adapting it for both image-level anomaly classification (AC) and pixel-level anomaly segmentation (AS). A dual-branch design is proposed to separately capture normal and abnormal features through learnable adapters in the CLIP vision encoder. To improve semantic alignment, learnable text prompts are employed to link visual features. Furthermore, SigLIP loss is applied to effectively handle the many-to-one relationship between images and unpaired text prompts, showcasing its adaptation in the medical field for the first time. Our approach is validated on multi-ple m odalities,demonstratingsuperiorperformanceoverexistingmeth-odsforACandAS,inbothsame-datasetandcross-datasetevaluations.Unlikepriorwork,itdoesnotrelyonsyntheticdataormemorybanks,andanablationstudyconfirmsthecontributionofeachcomponent.Thecodeisavailableathttps://github.com/mahshid1998/MadCLIP
Perioperative NALIRIFOX in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An Updated Analysis of Survival and Response Biomarkers from the Phase II nITRO Trial.
No full textIntroduction. Less than half of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients are alive after 5 years, even when diagnosed at an early stage. NALIRIFOX is a three-drug combination that has recently been shown to improve overall survival (OS) in advanced PDAC. The phase II, single-arm nITRO trial evaluated the activity of NALIRIFOX as perioperative treatment in patients with resectable PDAC (<180° contact with the wall of major veins). The study met its primary endpoint, achieving an R0 resection rate of 65.3%. Here, we report updated survival outcomes and translational analyses aimed at identifying potential biomarkers.
Methods. Plasma concentrations of 25 cytokines were measured using a multiplex xMAP/Luminex platform on baseline blood samples. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on germline DNA to evaluate genes potentially involved in PDAC pathogenesis. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were assessed using in silico tools. Plasma cytokine levels and germline pathogenic mutations were correlated with treatment response and survival outcomes.
Results. With a median follow-up of 50.2 months, the median OS in the intention-to-treat population was 32.3 months (95%CI 26.6-38.0). Among resected patients, median disease-free survival (DFS) and OS were 19.4 and 47.9 months, respectively. TNF-α, a potent activator of the TAK1/NF-κB chemoresistance pathway, was the circulating factor most strongly associated with response, probability of resection, and DFS. More than one-fourth of profiled patients carried germline likely pathogenic (gLPV) or pathogenic (gPV) variants in at least one of the DNA damage-repair (DDR) or cancer-predisposition genes analyzed. This subgroup showed clinically meaningful improvements in both DFS and OS. Approximately half of the VUS were reclassified as potentially damaging based on in silico analyses. Patients with both gDDR deficiency and low TNF-α levels achieved the longest OS.
Conclusions. Updated survival outcomes confirmed previous results of the nITRO trial. Biomarker analyses identified a subgroup of patients most likely to benefit from this treatment approach
Research on post-COVID syndrome: current gaps and future perspectives
No full text: While it is generally assumed that the outcome of an infectious disease is either recovery or death, post-acute infection syndromes have been long documented, representing a substantial healthcare burden with biological drivers remaining poorly understood. Among post-acute infection sequelae, post-COVID syndrome proved itself to be an elusive condition with complex and dynamic presentation. Over the past three years, multiple cohorts have been created to understand, prevent, and treat post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Drawing upon the substantial experience gathered during the pandemic, this viewpoint undertakes a rigorous examination of the methodological challenges inherent in current PCC observational research. By analysing "real life" hurdles, we aim to provide clear guidance for future investigations into post-acute infection syndromes and enhance global preparedness for emerging health threats
Accesso alla giustizia, lavoro povero e discriminazioni di genere
No full textIl contributo analizza la disciplina del patrocinio a spese dello Stato e
delle spese di giudizio da una prospettiva di genere. Mostra come le
regole attuali penalizzino chi vive di lavoro povero, in particolare le
donne, e riflette sui meccanismi di sostegno alla domanda di giustizia
delle lavoratrici nell’ordinamento multilivello, con particolare attenzione
alla Direttiva (UE) 2023/970 e alla Direttiva (UE) 2024/1500
Frost: A Simulation Platform for Early Validation and Testing of Manufacturing Software
Get PDFThe complexity of current manufacturing systems is growing, increasing the complexity of testing and validating control software. Manufacturing software must be extensively tested to minimize errors that may lead to production stops or machine breakdowns. However, testing on real manufacturing systems is often impractical or limited to small portions of the real systems. This paper presents Frost, an open-source platform supporting early manufacturing software validation and testing. Frost is built on top of the Lingua Franca framework, which ensures deterministic execution, enhancing the reliability of software prototyping and testing. The proposed platform implements a set of reactors and classes designed to model the different parts of a manufacturing system, such as sensors, machines, control software, and communication infrastructure. The effectiveness and capabilities of the Frost platform are validated by comparing
the overhead introduced and by implementing a digital twin of a real manufacturing system