Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Variations in the Anatomy of Sphenoid Sinus: A Computed Tomography Investigation
Get PDFAims: The sphenoid sinus is surrounded by many neurovascular structures which are very vulnerable to intrasphenoid sinus surgeries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of sphenoid sinus structure by CT scan imaging. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of 3D images of a paranasal sinus in 129 cases. In this study, three-way metering of the sphenoid sinus, additional septum, pneumatization of the period process (PP), anterior clinoid process (ACP) and greater wing of sphenoid and protrusion and dehiscence of adjacent structures will be assessed. Results: Protrusion of internal carotid artery (ICA), a vidian nerve, maxillary nerve (V2) and optical canal were seen respectively 50.4%, 57.36%, 62.5% and 54.3% but dehiscence of this structur
Neurological Manifestations in Familial Mediterranean Fever: a Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Study
No full textBackground and Aims: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a periodic auto-inflammatory disease with an autosomal recessive hereditary pattern. The aim of this study is to explain the spectrum of possible neurological manifestations and its genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with familial Mediterranean fever.
Methods: In this case series study, data of 311 FMF patients at the FMF Registration Center in Iran (http://www.fmfiran.ir/) was studied. Patient’s information was entered into a researcher designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of the 181 male and 130 female patients was 23.01 years, ranging from 3– 78 years old. Twelve common MEFV gene analyses were performed in 311 patients, with mutated results in 187 (60.1%) patients. The most common neurological manifestations were headache in 47.26%; 64.1% of those were persistent and 35.9% had a recurrent nature. Other neurological manifestations were vertigo (83 patients, 26.7%), paresthesia (72 patients, 23.2%), tremor (53 patients, 17%), disorientation (40 patients, 12.9%), breath-holding (23 patients, 7.4%), migraine (19 patients, 6.1%), syncope (8 patients, 2.6%), epilepsy (7 patients, 2.3%), febrile seizure (4 patients, 1%), and ataxia (5 patients, 1.6%). There were no cases of stroke or metabolic disorders among these patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of epilepsy among FMF patients was significantly higher than the general population. FMF patients with negative results for MEFV gene mutations had significant frequency of headache, paresthesia, breath-holding, and ataxia
The Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 After Exhaustive Exercise
Get PDFBackground: Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in plasma and skeletal muscles
and an important fuel for immune system cells. It has beneficial anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant properties which may be considered as a potentially useful supplement for
athletes. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation
on oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 after exhaustive exercise in
young healthy males.
Materials and methods: In this study, 30 healthy males (supplement =15 and control=15)
were randomly assigned into two groups. The supplement group received 0.3 g/kg BW of
glutamine along with 25 gr of sugar dissolved in 250 cc water per day. The control group
received 25 gr of sugar in 250 cc water per day. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and
at the end of 14 days of intervention. The participants underwent exercise until experiencing fullbody
exhaustive fatigue for 16 ± 2.84 mins, and then fasting blood samples were taken. Serum
levels of TAC, MDA, MMP2, MMP9, glutathione, and hs-CRP were measured.
Results: Serum levels of MDA and hs-CRP significantly decreased in the supplement group
(p< 0.05). The serum level of TAC significantly increased in the supplement group (p< 0.05).
Glutathione serum levels significantly increased after exhaustive exercise (p< 0.05). Serum
levels of MMP2 and MMP9 remained unchanged.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed that, some biochemical factors are timedependent
and can increase or decrease over time, as well as, serum levels of hs-CRP and
MDA decreased with glutamine supplementation along with the increase in the TAC serum
levels, but this supplementation had no effect on serum levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in
exhaustive exercise
Review of Constipation Treatment Methods with Emphasis on Laxative Foods
Get PDFAbstract: Background: Constipation is a common public health concern experienced by all individ-
uals during their life affecting the quality of life. In this paper, we aimed to provide an overview of
the existing evidence regarding the role of food ingredients, including bran, prune, fig, kiwifruit, and
flax-seed in constipation treatment.
Scope and Approach: We searched Scopus, Pub Med, and Science Direct by using the keywords,
“laxative foods” and “constipation”, for searching studies assessing laxative food ingredients and
their beneficial effects on constipation treatment and/or control.
Key Finding and Conclusion: Lifestyle modifications such as increasing dietary fiber and fluid in-
take and daily exercise are the proposed first line treatments for constipation. Optimizing ‘diet’ as an
efficient lifestyle factor may contribute to the well-being of patients. The use of laxative food ingre-
dients including bran, prune, fig, kiwifruit, flax-seed, probiotics, and prebiotics is a convenient alter-
native to cope with constipation. According to previous findings, laxative food ingredients could be
considered as effective treatments for subjects suffering from constipation. Many studies have as-
sessed the pharmacological and non-pharmacological roles of these ingredients in treating constipa-
tion, however, their importance has not been thoroughly investigated
Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in canines in North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, identified using morphology and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA
Get PDFBackground: Canids are definitive hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus. This study aimed
to survey these two Echinococcus species in canids of North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, using morphological
criteria and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA.
Methods: The carcasses of 106 canids, namely 61 jackals (Canis aureus), 23 foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 19 dogs (Canis familiaris)
and three wolves (Canis lupus) were collected from the study area in 2013–2014 and examined for Echinococcus
species. Morphological features were assessed by microscopy of adult worms. For molecular characterization, DNA
was extracted, mostly from the adult worms but also from eggs. DNA fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit
1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) mitochondrial genes were amplified and sequenced. Sequences
were aligned and compared with reference sequences. Intraspecific and interspecific diversity were calculated and
phylogenetic analysis was performed.
Results: Overall, 9.4% of the canids (eight jackals and two foxes) were found infected with E. multilocularis by
molecular methods, of which seven cases were also confirmed using morphological description of the adult worms.
Echinococcus granulosus was found in 6.6% of the canines (four dogs, two jackals and one wolf ) as determined by
both molecular methods and adult cestode morphology. All E. granulosus isolates were identified as the G1 genotype.
Comparative sequence analysis indicated 0–0.7% and 0% intraspecific divergence within E. granulosus isolates and 0%
and 0–0.2% within E. multilocularis isolates for cox1 and nad1, respectively.
Conclusions: This study revealed the presence of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus in canids of North-Khorasan
Province of Iran. Jackals were found infected with both E. multilocularis and E. granulosus, but infection with the former
species was higher
A case report of renal vein thrombosis following whiplash by husband with review article
Get PDFRenal vessel thrombosis results in kidney loss unless be re-vascularized immediately. We
report a case of right renal vein thrombosis in a 43 years old woman following whiplash
trauma by her husband without any associated parenchymal or arterial injury. She presented
to our emergency center with right flank pain for three days. She reported whiplashing by
her husband 3 days before admission. Abdominopelvic spiral computerized tomography
(CT) with intra-venous contrast showed a non-enhancement, enlargement and peri-renal
fat-stranding in the right kidney. With the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis following
whiplash, the patient was heparinized 5000 IU sub-cutaneous every 8 hours and discharged
with warfarin after resolut
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Biological Assessment and Molecular Docking of a few Dihydropyridines as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
Get PDFXanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitors may contribute to the increased incidence of several inflammatory diseases such as gout. Inhibition of XO enzyme activity plays a significant role in the prevention and treatment of these types of diseases. The aim of present study were to synthesize, determine the cytotoxicity and biological activity, and molecular docking of a few Dihydropyridines as XO Inhibitors. The synthesis of a few 1, 4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives (A-C) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity effects against MCF-7 and L929 cells. All the selected compounds / All the potential candidate compounds were also evaluated for their XO inhibitory activity. Molecular docking simulation was used to investigate the potential binding modes of DHP derivatives within XO binding site. The results of this study showed the superior cytotoxic activities of compound B against both tested cell lines, while no significant XO inhibitory activity was recorded for it. On the basis of molecular docking studies, different enzyme blocking activities might be attributed to the various binding sites with the enzyme active sites
Development of Octreotide-Loaded Chitosan and Heparin Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Surface Modification Effect on Physicochemical Properties and Macrophage Uptake
No full textOctreotide (OCT) is a therapeutic peptide which is administered for the treatment of acromegaly. The
purpose of this study was to design a new polyethylene glycol (PEG)econjugated nanoparticle (PEG-NP)
to overcome the short half-life and poor stability of OCT. The developed PEG-NPs were compared with
non-PEGylated NPs with respect to their size, morphological characteristics, loading efficiency, release
profile, and macrophage uptake. The OCT-loaded NPs and PEG-NPs were prepared by ionic complexion of
chitosan (Cs) with either heparin (Hp) or PEGylated heparin (PEG-Hp). The chemical structure of PEG-Hp
was confirmed by IR and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Morphological analyses by scanning
electron microscopy showed that NPs and PEG-NPs have a uniform shape. Dynamic laser scattering
measurements indicated that hydrodynamic diameter of NPs and PEG-NPs were 222.5 ± 10.0 nm and
334.9 ± 6.7 nm, respectively. NPs and PEG-NPs had a positive zeta potential of about 32.5 ± 1.1 mv and
20.6 ± 2.4 mv, respectively. Entrapment efficiency was 61.4 ± 1.0% and 55.7 ± 2.4% for NPs and PEG-NPs,
respectively. Compared with the NPs, the PEG-NPs exhibited a slower release profile. Subsequently,
fluorescein isothiocyanateelabeled chitosanCs was synthesized and used to evaluate the stealth characteristic of PEG-NPs. In vitro macrophage uptake of fluorescently labeled NPs was measured by flow
cytometr
Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Liposomal Doxepin for Treatment of Eczema
Get PDFIntroduction
Liposomal drug delivery is one of the novel methods for improving topical/transdermal drug delivery.
Topical liposomes are preferred due to advantages such as high capacity for drug loading and the ability to
deliver it to the epidermis and deeper layers of skin. Moreover, fewer side effects, shorter treatment lengths
and better effect are other advantages of liposomes. Topical liposomes by their sustained released effect can
increase the concentration of drug in the deeper layers of the skin. Doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant agent
is a potent antagonist for H1,H2 and muscarinic receptors. On the other hand, doxepin has anti-pruritic effects.
Oral administration of this drug leads to the hypnotic effects and anti-cholinergic complications such as
blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, etc. Oral doxepin is used to treat chronic and acute eczema, but
the systemic adverse effects can reduce its efficacy. For this purpose, its topical cream is used to reduce
itching, which has a slight absorption to blood compared with oral form. Liposomal formulation of doxepin
was studied to increase remaining in the skin layers and to reduce systemic absorption and consequently side
effects.
Methods
In this study, the topical liposomal formulation of doxepin was prepared using thin film hydration method. At this stage,
we use cholesterol and lecithin phospholipids to prepare the appropriate liposome for the drug. The obtained liposomes
are evaluated in terms of properties such as size, zeta potential, shape and loading efficiency of the drug by using SEM,
DLS and HPLC. For skin permeability assessment, the skin was extracted from laboratory mice and mounted on a Franz
diffusion cell to evaluate the permeability of the prepared liposome and analyze the samples.
Results
The images from the light and electron microscope are shown below. The shape of the liposomes is spherical and the
size is below 100 nm. Loading efficiency measured by HPLC (The mobile phase include deionized water, acetonitrile
and methanol at 220 nm) was 46%
THE EFFECT OF LEFT SOLE MASSAGE ON PAIN RELIEF AND HEMODYNAMIC CONDITION OF PATIENTS WITH CHEST PAIN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Reflexology for chest pain, ache, burning or stabbing sensation in the chest is most
commonly performed on the feet. Pitchfork of left sole is the cardiac reflex point.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of left sole massage on haemodynamicc and
pain relief in patients with chest pain.
METHODS
This cross over clinical trial study was conducted on 117 patients with chest pain
admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital's emergency room in Ardabil. McGill visual
pain scale was applied to measure pain intensity, and left sole massage was used for
alleviating pain which was evaluated in two steps. The significance level was
regarded at p<0.05.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that according to paired and independent t-test, the level
of pain severity in the massage group had a significant difference with that of the
control (p=0.011). Furthermore, the participants in reflexology group had the mean
score of 142.0 ± 4.41 for systolic blood pressure, 89.8 ± 2.78 for diastolic blood
pressure, and 76.4±-4.20 for Pulse Per Minute before intervention; however, they
changed to 138 ± 4.28, 87.2 ± 2.70, and 76.4 ± -3.28 (normal range), respectively.
There was a significant difference in the ratings of both pre- and post-intervention
(p <0.05) based on the paired t-test.
CONCLUSIONS
In future, left sole massage can be used as proper supplement for medical therapies
and analgesics and can reduce the number and dose of drugs administered for
management of haemodynamics and narcotics for chest pain relief