Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Evaluation of water microbiology of Bandar Abbas Dental School in 2019
Get PDFAbstract
Background and purpose: Since patients and members of the dental team are exposed to water and aerosols produced by the dental unit ،the quality of the dental unit water is of great importance. This study followed the ADA recommendations to control the rate of Ionic contamination and to ideally reduce it (less than CFU / ML). The purpose of this study was to investigate the micro-biological properties of water units in Bandar Abbas Dental School.
Materials and Methods: This study was a laboratory study. In this study, the water units of dental university in Bandar Abbas, was examined by microbiologists at the Faculty of Dentistry. 5 ml of water was collected from turbine pipes, turbine conduit water before and two minutes after flushing, Unity drinking water and city water in sterile polyethylene lid containers and then cultured on dedicated media and then cultured. The number of microbial colonies was counted at 7 ° C. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using t-test, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, paired t-test and ANOVA.
Results: 1% of all samples were positive for bacterial isolates and were identified as: Staphylococcus aureus, Coliform, Pseudomonas aeruginus, Streptococcus (except beta-hemolytic A group). The number of microbial colonies was above standard, Indian Pace water contamination was reduced after flushing, and non-contaminated water was less contaminated than Handpiece.
Discussion: Flashing reduces water pollution, but in surgical and immunocompromised cases, other methods of eliminating or controlling water pollution should be used
Effect of simultaneous implementation of ergonomic interventions and management decisions on reduction of musculoskeletal disorders and improvement of work postures between Milk sector workers of dairy factory
No full textBackground and aims: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders usually engage the lower back, cervical spine and upper extremities (shoulder, elbow, wrists, hands and fingers). According to reports from around the world, work- related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational disorders and diseases. There is no accurate estimate of the prevalence of these disorders in Iran, but studies have reported a high prevalence. These disorders are the most important cause of absenteeism among workers. They also play a significant role in the premature disablement of workers. Disorders also induce economic losses in human societies due to the loss of working days, the cost of treatment and rehabilitation, reduction of quality of life of affected people and their families. These disorders affect the individual, organization, and society. Studies have shown that musculoskeletal disorders are very costly, in such a way that they induce the highest suffering for the patient and among them, back pain has the highest rank. Many of these disorders are due to the failure to observe the ergonomic principles and the unfavorable and non-standard conditions governing the work environment and how to perform the job. It can be clearly stated that the range of ergonomic problems in work environments is not limited to musculoskeletal injuries, but also include loss of productivity and efficiency, increased errors, fatigue, discomfort and environmental stress. The risk factors for these disorders are multifactorial, and they are still not fully understood in some respects. The most important factors include occupational ones such as unfavorable work environment, manual work, heavy lifting, repetitive and heavy work. Agriculture, like mining and construction, is recognized as one of the three highly hazardous and high-risk industries in terms of health. National and international studies show that the physical needs of farming occupation can be a cause of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Dairy plants is one of the subsectors of the agriculture and food. Dairy plants, and especially milking the cows, affects the musculoskeletal system of the workers in the industry due to physical needs, poor working posture and repetitive movements and tasks. Musculoskeletal disorders in the areas of waist, shoulders, hands, wrists and knees are one of the common problems in this industry. Cow-milking is one of the most hazardous sectors in terms of ergonomic risk factors in the livestock industry. According to studies, about one-third of workers in the milking sector often experience symptoms of pain in the shoulders and necks. Increased work time, milking more cows per hour, high physical activity and repetitive tasks are among the potential risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in this industry. This study aims at investigating the effects of ergonomic engineering interventions and management decisions on reducing the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and improving work postures among milking workers in dairy plants.
Methods: This is an interventional study performed in a dairy plants with 240 personnel working in different parts of Isfahan. In the primary health and safety investigations in this industry, the hazardous milking sector was selected as the research environment because it produces the highest number of physical complaints by personnel, the highest number of occupational accidents and back injuries. All 48 workers of the milking sector were investigated. The purpose of the study and the methodology was fully explained to the participants in the study. They were assured that, firstly, their information would be completely confidential to the researchers. Secondly, participation in this study was entirely voluntary and if they were not willing to participate in the study, there were no consequences for them. After explaining the study, in case they were willing, the consent form was completed by the participants and the presence of the individual was confirmed. The procedure was carried out in 4 steps as follows. 1. Evaluation of the occupation of milking and determining the frequency of disorders among the workers. 2. Implementing intervention programs. 3. Re-evaluation of the occupation of milking and determining the frequency of disorders after completing the intervention program. 4. Comparing the results before and after the interventions. In order to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders, the Persian version of Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) was completed by the participants. The questionnaire analyzes the frequency of discomfort, severity of discomfort and its impact on work power in the last week in twelve parts of the body. The CMDQ is a suitable tool for the evaluation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The ergonomic evaluation uses a quick exposure check (QEC) posture analysis method. This methodology allows assessing worker exposure to a wide range of risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. In this method, part of the work is completed by the observer and the other part by the operator. The QEC methodology is used to assess a range of occupations including: manual handling, repetitive tasks, dynamic tasks, tasks involving sitting and standing. In the QEC posture analysis, psychosocial risk factors are considered in addition to physical risk factors. This method is also an appropriate method for evaluating interventional operations, because immediately and after intervention programs, the impact of interventions can be assessed by re-evaluating the work environment.
After the analysis, the results were discussed with the top management of the organization and officials from other sectors to determine intervention measures. At the end of the meeting, decisions were made to improve the ergonomic situation of the milking personnel, which include the engineering interventions, management interventions and implementation of educational programs. The time required for the implementation of the interventions and the authority responsible for their implementation was determined. After completing the intervention, the frequency of musculoskeletal discomfort among the participants and the ergonomic status of the milking occupation were re-evaluated using the CMDQ and QEC posture analysis. In the end, in order to investigate the effect of these interventions on decreasing musculoskeletal discomfort and improving personnel postures, the scores before and after the evaluation compared by use of paired t-test and their significance was examined.
Results: All participants in this study were men. 56.26% of the research population was under 30 years old and 66.66% had a work experience of under 4 years of age, indicating the low age and low experience of the population studied. The highest score of the CMDQ in terms of the frequency of discomfort was related to the lower back (364.5 before and 187.5 after intervention), shoulder (190.25 before intervention and 114 after intervention) and neck (164.5% before and 85.5 after intervention), respectively. Paired t-test showed that the scores of the CMDQ were significantly decreased after intervention in the three parts of frequency of discomfort, severity of discomfort, and its impact on work (p-value 0.05) but in other areas (neck, shoulder, upper back, lower back , forearm, wrist, thigh, knee and leg) (p-value <0.05). The final score of analysis of the work environment using the QEC posture analysis methodology has significantly decreased after completion of the interventions.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the lower back, neck and shoulders, is high among cow-milking workers, and corrective ergonomic measures are needed to prevent the disorders. Also, a careful examination of the milking occupation showed that the most important risk factors for the milking workers included: awkward postures, static position for long periods of time, high work hours, uniformity of duties due to the nature of the job and failure to observe the principles of occupational ergonomics at the work environment. Therefore, corrective measures to improve the ergonomic status of milking workers should be elimination of the risk factors identified. Findings of this study showed that the implementation of ergonomic training programs included the selection of the best physical condition with the lowest pressure on the body during milking operations, correct and ergonomic principles of manual handling, improving posture and reducing the risk of disorders (decreasing the score of QEC posture analysis). Also, the results of this study showed that the simultaneous implementation of ergonomic engineering interventions, management plans and training programs will result in a reduction in the frequency of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and the improvement of work posture. Considering that milking activity in dairy plants has the same procedures and equipment, corrective measures of this research are also useful for other dairy plants. One of the limitations of this study was that there is no control group and it is recommended that in future studies, taking into account the control group, the roles of each intervention should be separately reported and compared. For example, the role of ergonomic engineering interventions should be compared with training and management plans and the effectiveness of each one in the reduction of disorders is analyzed so that the measures are prioritized according to their impact. This prioritization can help managers who cannot implement all interventions simultaneously to select the most effective actions
Panax ginseng Extract Improves Follicular Development after Mouse Preantral Follicle 3D Culture
No full textObjective: Panax ginseng is a popular traditional herb that has been used in complementary and alternative medicine
in eastern Asia, and it possesses pharmacologically active compounds like ginsenosides (GSs). This study aimed to
investigate the impact of Panax ginseng extract (PGE) at different concentrations on in vitro follicular function and
development in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system fabricated using sodium alginate after 12 days of culture.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, preantral follicles (n=661) were mechanically isolated from the
ovaries of 14-day-old female NMRI mice using 29-gauge insulin syringes. Follicles were individually capsulated within
sodium alginate, and divided into four groups including control and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. Then, they were
cultured for 12 days in the medium supplemented with different concentrations of PGE (0, 50, 100, and 500 μg/
mL, for control groups and groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). At the end of the culture period, the mean diameter and
maturation of follicles, follicular steroid production, mRNA expression level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in collected metaphase-II
(MII) oocytes were determined.
Results: The mean diameter of follicles in group 2 was significantly increased as compared to other groups (P<0.001).
The percentages of the survival and maturation rate and levels of secreted hormones were higher in group 2 than
the other groups (P<0.05). Follicles cultured in the presence of PGE 100 μg/mL had higher levels of proliferation cell
nuclear antigen (PCNA) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R) mRNA expression in comparison to other
groups (P<0.05). Moreover, oocytes collected from groups 2 and 3 had lower levels of ROS as compared to other
groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that PGE at the concentration of 100 μg/mL induces higher follicular function and development in the 3D culture system
The Pattern of Imipenem/Cilastatin Administration in Imam Khomeini Hospital (Ardabil) in 2018
No full textBackground & objectives: Nowadays, bacterial resistance and the increase in the therapeutic costs are considered as the most important global concerns of medical care system regarding complicated infections. Imipenem is a member of the carbapenem class of beta-lactam antibiotics prescribed mostly in our hospitals because of its broad activity against bacterial infections. Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) process is an official, ongoing and systemic program that collects information in order to identify and improve the adverse effect of drugs and the cost of medicalization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the administration and use of imipenem in the educational Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardabil in 2018. Methods: In this prospective, descriptive, cross- sectional study, 110 hospitalized patients, who received imipenem from September to December of 2018, were included in this study. Patient's demographic data, dosing, dosage adjustment in renal failure and other co-prescribed antimicrobial drugs were extracted from current medical file of hospitalized patients and evaluated with medical guidelines. Results: 64% of patients received imipenem in the first day of hospitalization and 75.5% of patients were empirically received imipenem while antibiogram test was ordered for only 24.5% of patients. Serum creatinine were ordered for most of the patients, but correct dose regimens for patients who get non-empiric antibiotic therapy were only 25.5%. Conclusion: High rate of empiric prescription without considering the result of antibiogram test and immediate initiation of antimicrobial therapy at the time of admission were the most important aspects of irrational use of imipenem observed in this study. Paying more attention to sampling, culturing and sensitivity test and prescription of imipenem based on specific guidelines are recommended
CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism abundancy in Ardabil city
Get PDFIntroduction: The CYP2D6 enzyme is important member of the family of hepatic cytochromes which plays an important role in the metabolism of many drugs, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, cardiovascular drugs and analgesics. Since the gene of this enzyme is highly polymorphic and the difference in expression of this gene has a significant effect on the level of drug effects and the incidence of side effects, the study of the gene polymorphism of the enzyme is very important. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of the CYP2D6 gene polymorphism in Ardabil city.
Materials and Methods: After blood sampling and DNA extraction using MN kit, the components containing important SNPs, were amplified using PCR method via specific primers. After confirmation of the proliferation of the desired part by electrophoresis gel, Sequencing was performed via sanger sequencing method to identify the important alleles.
Results and discussion: The phenotypic frequency of CYP2D6 in Ardabil city, 89.70% extended metabolizer (EM), 4.41% intermediate metabolizer (IM), 4.41% poor metabolizer (PM), and 1.47% unknown was predicted. The results of this study can be used as a guide for administration of appropriate dosages of drug
Molecular detection of carbapenem-resistant genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Get PDFIntroduction. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a considerable
threat to public health worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CRKP isolated
from clinical specimens by phenotypic and genotypic methods.
Methods. In total, 110 consecutive non-repetitive isolates of K. pneumoniae were analyzed. Minimal inhibitory
concentrations (MICs) of imipenem were determined. The mechanism of resistance was evaluated
by imipenem-EDTA combined disk test and modified Hodge test. PCR method was used for the detection of
blaVIM, blaIMP, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48 and KPC genes.
Results. Totally, 8 (7.3 %) isolates were resistant to imipenem, showing MIC ≥4 μg/mL. Based on imipenem-
EDTA combined disk test, all imipenem-resistant isolates were metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) positive.
PCR confirmed that 6 (75%) isolates were blaNDM-1 positive. Other resistance genes (blaVIM, blaIMP,
blaOXA-48 and KPC) were not detected.
Conclusions. Based on this study, the prevalence of CRKP strains was not at a high level, however, continuous
monitoring of antibiotic resistance should be performed to control dissemination of CRKP infections
Concept of error and nature of nursing error detectors in military hospitals: a qualitative content analysis
No full textBackground and objectives Nursing errors can cause irreparable consequences. Understanding the concept of error and the nature of nursing error detectors can significantly reduce this type of errors. The present study was conducted to explain the concept of error and the nature of nursing error detectors in military hospitals.
Materials and methods The present study was conducted on eight nurses working in different wards of military hospitals using a qualitative approach to content analysis proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews.
Findings ‘The concept of error’ and ‘the nature of error detectors’ in military hospitals were the two main categories extracted from data analysis. The present findings showed that the nature of errors in military hospitals is inevitable, a threat to job position and bipolar. Nurses use different resources to identify errors, including personal, environmental and organisational factors of detection.
Discussion and conclusion Given the military nature of the study hospitals, organisational factors of detection played a key role in identifying errors. Moreover, given the perception of military nurses of errors, they were not inclined to personal detectors. The managers of military hospitals are therefore recommended to pursue a justice-oriented and supportive culture to help nurses play a more active role in identifying errors
Identify and prioritize Infrastructure components as one of the effective factors in the tourist's durability In the Meshgin shahr city
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize infrastructure components as one of the effective factors in tourist durability in Meshgin Shahr. In terms of the purpose of the research, the applied method is descriptive-correlational in terms of the research method. The statistical population is in the first stage of professors, elites and managers of tourism and in the second stage of tourists Meshgin city was the city. Statistical sampling was targeted at the first stage of the sampling, ie, those who had the most knowledge of the research subject and the number of samples was so saturated, that is, to the point where the interviews did not get anything new. In the second stage, random sampling was used and the minimum sample size was 384 according to the Cochran formula. Sampling method is a random sampling method. The present research is conducted in two theoretical and practical sections. In the theoretical part, the necessary information was obtained using library and documentary methodsIn the practical section, fieldwork was used to collect information and a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Validity and reliability tests of this questionnaire have been done. Data analysis was done by SPSS software using one-sample t-tests, Friedman and regression, and the results indicate that The average status of the components of the development of tourism infrastructure (providing investment opportunities, preserving cultural heritage, promoting concentration on the local environment, feeling of peace and security, Easy access routes, information and promotion, proper management, education and culture, management and improvement of historical and cultural sites and tourist longevity( Among the components of development of tourism infrastructure, the highest average is related to education and culture, and the lowest average is related to the index of providing services and places suitable
