Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium species in Iran: a meta-analysis
No full textClostridium species are ubiquitous and associated with various diseases in animals and humans. However, there is little knowledge about the prevalence of their resistance to antibiotics in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium species in Iran through a meta-analysis of eligible studies published up until December 2018. Fourteen articles on the drug resistance of Clostridium species in Iran were included in the current study following a search in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases using relevant keywords and screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Antibiotic resistance rates of C. difficile to ampicillin (42.8%), ciprofloxacin (69.5%), clindamycin (84.3%), erythromycin (61.5%), gentamicin (93.5%), nalidixic acid (92.9%), tetracycline (32.5%), imipenem (39.6%), levofloxacin (93.4%), ertapenem (58.7%), piperacillin/tazobactam (56.5%), kanamycin (100%), colistin (100%), ceftazidime (76%), amikacin (76.5%), moxifloxacin (67.9%) and cefotaxime (95%) were high. In addition, resistance of C. perfringens to ampicillin (25.8%), erythromycin (32.9%), gentamicin (45.4%), nalidixic acid (52.5%), tetracycline (19.5%), penicillin (21.8%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (32.1%), amoxicillin (19.3%), imipenem (38%), cloxacillin (100%), oxacillin (45.6%), bacitracin (89.1%) and colistin (40%) was high. Metronidazole and vancomycin, as the first-line therapies, fidaxomicin, tetracyclines (except tetracycline), rifampicin and chloramphenicol can still be used for the treatment of C. difficile infections. However, the present results do not recommend the use of penicillin, bacitracin and tetracycline for the treatment of C. perfringens infections in humans and domestic animals in Iran
Effect of Conjugated linoleic acid supplemented diet on levels of interlukin-6 in COPD patients
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized with systemic inflammation and accelerated inflammaging of the lungs. Some studies have shown that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of CLA supplementation on the serum levels of interleukin (IL-6) in patients with COPD.
Methods: 82 patients with stable COPD were selected to be studied in a double blind clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: placebo (n=42) and supplementation (n=40, 3.2 g CLA daily). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), CAT score and the serum levels of IL-6 were measured at the baseline and also six weeks after the intervention. In addition, the study parameters in the two groups were compared based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria.
Results: After supplementation with CLA, the serum levels of IL-6 and CAT score significantly decreased (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively). In addition, the FEV1 (p<0.001) significantly increased in the supplementation group. Based on GOLD criteria, the decrease in IL-6 serum levels were found to be statistically significant in stages III-IV in the supplementation group (P<0.01)
Conclusions: Supplementation with CLA can modify the inflammatory markers and improve the health status of COPD patients. The results suggest that CLA supplementation in COPD patients can be useful in the management of the diseas
The Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid supplementation on the Serum Leptin Level, Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in COPD Patients
Get PDFBackground & objectives: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is accompanied by systemic inflammations and is characterized by irreversible airflow limitations. Leptin is a cytokine with pre-inflammatory effect. However, there have been no studies on the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the serum leptin concentration in COPD patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effect of CLA on the serum leptin level, lung function and quality of life in COPD patients.
Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 90 COPD patients. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (supplement and placebo) with 45 patients per group. After obtaining written consent from the patients and recording their demographic characteristics, the spirometry was performed and COPD assessment test (CAT) score was calculated. Moreover, a fasting blood sample was collected from each of them in order to analyze their serum leptin concentration. After that, the patients in the supplement group were administered with 3.2 g/day of CLA for 6 weeks. The patients in another group received placebo. After the intervention, spirometry, CAT score calculation and blood sampling were repeated for all of the patients and the obtained results were analyzed.
Results: after the intervention, a significant decrease both in the serum leptin level and in CAT score as a quality life marker was observed in the supplement group (p<0.05). Moreover, the FEV1 levels as a lung function test, increased significantly in the supplement group after the intervention (p<0.05). Although, the difference between the two groups was not significant.
Conclusion: The use of CLA supplement can improve COPD patients’ quality of life through decreasing the serum level of leptin in their blood
Indications of admitting patients in internal ICU and the rate of mortality in Emam Khomeini hospital in 2013
Get PDFBackground: ICU is the costly part of the hospital that has functional approach for patients who have reversible conditions so it needs mechanical ventilation and other special services. Some patients are not really in need of special care only the continuous monitoring of vital signs needs of the public sector. Patients with good condition or End-Stage were not candidate to admitting in ICU. The aim of this study was to evaluate indications of admitting patients in internal ICU and the rate of mortality in Emam Khomeini hospital in 2013. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively evaluated the records of patients hospitalized in ICU and disease prognosis and treatment of disease and APACHE2 criteria was analyses. Results: The mean age of patients in the study was 61.05±19.81. Of 118 patients, 70 (59.3%) survived and 48 (40.7%) patients died. APACHE2 mean in the study was 21.46±7.5. GCS average was 9.83±4.27. There was correlation between mortality of patients and type of disease. In this study in APACHE2 score between 25-29 and >35 in mortality rate we are higher than standard average and in 10-14 and 20-24 we are lower than standard average. Conclusions: This study shows that GCS is not a good measure for the evaluation of patients hospitalized in internal ICU. In the present study, patients with higher APACHE2 score of 35 died. That show hospitalization that patient in ICU has no difference in the prognosis of them. As regards mortality rate in ICU patients in this study has no significant difference with predicted APACHE values, indications of ICU admition in Emam Khomeini hospital observed exactly
Evaluation of the Quality of life associated with Xerostomia in Older using Complete Denture in Amir kolaa’s Retirement home in Babol in 2018
Get PDFIntroduction: One of the problems of elderly people is the loss of natural teeth that is considered as an important event in life. Problems associated with moving dentures including frequent ulcers, poor joints, difficulty in speaking and swallowing, and infections It can be repeated that can affect the quality of life of the individual. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of life associated with oral dryness in the elderly using denture.
Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 192 elderly people of the elderly of the Amirkola Health Care Center affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, both of which were over 60 years of age (elderly) with complete prosthesis. All patients are specialized in different groups of dentistry and their files are available. This study was performed on the basis of oral health status questionnaire and oral health questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 and t-test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: 192 people participated in this study, of which 105 were male and 77 were female. Among dentistry old men, 52 (45.2%) patients had dry mouth and 63.8% (54.8%) without oral dry mouth, 33.8% (42.8%) had dry mouth and 44.2% (57.2%) without oral dry mouth. Dry mouth in literate subjects was also 13 (26%) and 37 (74%) without dry matter in illiterate people (51 (36%) and 91 (64%)), in income-based segmentation In people with a lower income, 45 (36%) with dry land and 79 (64%) without dryness, in high-income individuals, 49 (72%) without dryness and 19 (28%) with dry mouth. In general, 85 (44.3%) were dry mouth and 107 (55.3%) were non-dry mouth. The satisfaction of the elderly with dentures was 43.71 and the elderly was 40.28. According to the education, the level of satisfaction of the illiterate elderly with dentures was 35.93 and the elderly with an illiteracy of 34.63 with deviations. The income was also reported in individuals with a lower income than average of 37.17, and those with a high average income rate of 40.82. According to oral dryness, the satisfaction of elderly with oral dry mouth was 38.42 and unhealed subjects 49.01. In the T-test, the P-value in the elderly was 0.044, based on oral dryness of 0.00; based on education of 0.082 and based on income level. 06 was reported.
Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the level of satisfaction in elderly men with dentures is more than that of women and the degree of satisfaction in women with denture wearing in Amir Kola nursing center in Babol city in 1397. People without dry mouth are significantly more likely than those with dry mouth, and the level of education and income level have no effect on the satisfaction of elderly patients with denture. In general, it can be said that the highest satisfaction is in men without Xerostomi
Determine the Results and Complications of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Fingolimod and Subcutaneous β-Feron One day in between or three times a week: Retrospective study
Get PDFBackground & Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune-inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. This condition invades the myelinated axons in the central nervous system, which leads to the destruction of myelin and to degrees of axonemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes and complications of treatment with relapsing remotes multiple sclerosis with Fingolimod and beta-Furon.
Methods: Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received Fingolimod with daily doses of 0.5 mg and Beta-interferon B group received subcutaneous injections of 30 micrograms per week. The therapeutic effects of Fingolimod and β-interferon on the basis of the improvement of key symptoms of MS, including type of disease attacks, number of attacks, hospitalization time, EDSS score increase, MRI changes, duration of acute exacerbations, duration to return to primary function, Changes to other drugs and complications were measured.
Results: In the present study, the most frequent sensory disturbances (35.7%) were in patients who took Fingolimod and the most frequent cases were motor abnormalities (42.9%). Also, the complications of the drug in the patients consuming betaferon were significantly more than betaferon users (10% versus 37.1%). In terms of improving general health and good outcomes, the use of phingolymod resulted in a significant improvement in general health and outcome outcomes.
Conclusion: Treatment with fingolimod compared with betaferron in patients with RRMS is effective in reducing the activity of inflammatory disease, but it may lead to a slight difference or a lack of difference in preventing the deterioration of disabilit
Effect of omega-3 supplimentation on serum lipids in patients on chronic hemodialysis
Get PDFBackground and Objects: Considering the important of effects resulting from chronic hemodialysis in patients having renal insufficiency of which cardio-vascular effect is the most important, this study has been done to examine the complementary effects of omega lipid on lipid profile serum and systemic inflammation index in these patients.
Materials and Method: Patients in this study include two groups (intervention and control). They have been chosen from among the patient called on hemodialysis unit of Booali hospital. The interval group received one omega capsule daily and the control group received a placebo capsule one a day for three months. At the end, the results of lipid profile tests (including TG, LDL and HDL) and systemic inflammation index (CRP) compared before and after receiving the medicine.
Results: In this study in interval group having omega3 despite decrease in TG and increase in HDL after three months there were no meaningful changes. In group receiving placebo only increase of HDL was meaningful and despite decrease in TG after receiving placebo these changes was meaningless.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that omega3 had no meaningful changes in lipidic profile of patients who were being hemodialysed
Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.
No full textImportance:
Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.
Objective:
To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.
Evidence Review:
We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence.
Findings:
In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs).
Conclusions and Relevance:
The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care
Protective Effect of Thioctic Acid on Renal Ischemia–reperfusion Injury in Rat
Get PDFackground: We investigated the effect of thioctic acid (TA) on kidney function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status in serum and kidney homogenates of a rat subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: sham, IR, and IR + TA in 50 mg/kg once-daily intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks, before IR induction. The levels of urea and creatinine (Cr) in the serum of rats were measured. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) as stress oxidative markers; tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and myeloperoxidase as inflammatory markers, as well as activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and glutathione (GSH) level in both serum and kidney homogenates were determined. Results: Cr and urea increased in serum of IR group. Furthermore, levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in serum and kidney homogenates of the cited group were higher than the sham group. TA not only decreased the levels of Cr, urea, oxidative stress, and inflammation but also elevated the level of GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings showed that TA protected IR rat against kidney dysfunction and IRI due to reinforcing endogenous antioxidant and subtracting of inflammatory markers