Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Environmental Assessment of Life Cycle of Waste Management (System Based on LCAIWM1 Modeling(Case Study: Rasht City
Get PDFBackground: Population growth and increased human activities in urban communities lead to large volumes of waste. This waste volume causes problems for human health and environmental pollution. Recently, a living environment assessment has been developed to improve the situation. The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impacts of four urban waste disposal scenarios in Rasht city.
Methods: In this research, the amount of waste and the data required for logging were first determined and then the four life cycle assessment stages were performed in relation to each of the defined scenarios. Finally, the results were analyzed using the IWM1 model it placed.
Results: The results of this study indicate that by disposing of some of the waste in the organic fertilizer plant by composting and landfilling, part of it in the district of sanitary and energy extraction and increasing the recovery rate, we can see a significant reduction in the emission of pollutants was environmental. The ecological index was the best scenario is -2.10E+6 and for the most devastating
Scenario +2.39E+07 were obtained.
Conclusion: According to the environmental assessment and comparison of the results of the life cycle logbook, the first scenario (collection; compost; recycling; landfill) with an ecological index plays an important role in reducing pollution and energy consumption and the title has been chosen as the top management option and has been made available to experts and decision-makers
Evaluation of serum Adipolin levels with echocardiography and angiography finding in acute myocardial infarction patients and compared their results with stable angina patient’s results
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Adipolin/C1q/TNF-related protein-12 is a family of CTRPs that is highly expressed in adipose tissue and has glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Various risk factors have been suggested in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as a decrease in anti-inflammatory or an increase in inflammatory factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation of adipolin with anthropometric, angiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters
Methods: A total of 90 patients who were candidates for angiography were included in the study and divided into three groups: 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 30 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 30 subjects as control group with a history of chest pain but normal angiography. Anthropometric, angiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters were measured in all subjects.
Results. Serum adipolin levels were significantly decreased in patients with AMI compared with SAP and control groups (P < 0.001 for both). In addition, there was a negative association between serum level of adipolin and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and Gensini score in CAD patients. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that EFT values were independently associated with serum adipolin levels
Conclusion: The current study showed an independent association of adipolin with EFT for the first time in AMI patients. Decreased adipolin levels in patients with AMI may be involved in the process of atherosclerosis, which needs further stud
E-learning readiness among faculty members of medical sciences universities and provide strategies to improve it
Get PDFBackground: The competence of faculty in conducting e-learning is one of the preconditions
for e-learning implementation in a university. This study aimed at investigating the readiness of
the faculty members of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (ARUMS) to have e-learning.
Methods: To fulfil this purpose, a triangulation method has been used. In the quantitative
section, based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model, the
faculty competence in conducting e-learning has been measured in four areas: pedagogical
knowledge, technological knowledge, content knowledge, and finally the skill of combining
pedagogical knowledge, technological knowledge, and content knowledge. Subsequently,
with the qualitative data of the semi-structured interview, the findings of the research have
been explained. Finally, the strategies for improving the readiness of ARUMS faculty have been
identified in e-learning.
Results: One-sample t test with a significant level (P ≤ 0.5) showed that the faculty e-learning
of ARUMS had the highest mean of pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge and contentpedagogical knowledge respectively. In other words, the faculty had a high level of pedagogical,
content and content-pedagogical knowledge, but they need to improve their technological,
technological-content, technological-pedagogical and ultimately, technological-pedagogicalcontent knowledge.
Conclusion: That is why, in order to have effective e-learning at ARUMS, the faculty has
to improve their technological, technological-content, technological-pedagogical and
technological-pedagogical-content knowledge. In this regard, several solutions have been
proposed in this paper
Investigations of Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activity of β-Lactam Morpholino-1,3,5-Triazine Hybrids
No full textThis article reports for the first time the synthesis of some novel β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-
triazine hybrids by a [2+2]-cycloaddition reaction of imines 7a-c, 9a-c and 11 with ketenes derived
from substituted acetic acids. The reaction was totally diastereoselective, leading exclusively to
the formation of cis-β-lactams 8a-l, 10a-f and 12a-c. The synthesized compounds were tested for
activity towards SW1116, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines and non-cancerous HEK-293 cell
line by MTT assay. None of the compounds exert an observable effect on HepG2, MCF-7 and
HEK-293 cells, but compounds 7b, 8f, 8g, 8l, 10c, and 10e exhibited excellent growth inhibitory
activity (IC50 < 5 µM) against SW 1116 cells, comparable to that of doxorubicin (IC50 = 6.9 µM).
An evaluation of the antioxidant potential of each of the compounds, performed by
diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, indicated that 7b, 9a, 9b and 9c have strong free radical
scavenging activity. UV absorption titration studies reveal that 7b, 8l, 8g and 8f interact strongly
2
with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) in the order of 8l > 7b > 8f > 8g. Collectively, the in vitro
capabilities of some of these morpholino-triazine imines and β-lactams suggest possible
applications to development of new antioxidants and DNA binding therapeutics
Effectiveness of Zinc Supplement on Clinical Signs of Patients with Plaque Type Psoriasis with Skin Involvement Under 20%
No full textBackground and objective: Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent disease that is resistant to many therapeutic methods. This study aimed to survey the effectiveness of Zinc supplementation on clinical signs of patients with Plaque Type Psoriasis with Skin involvement under 20% in 2019 was performed .
Method: This study is a double-blinded clinical trial that was done semi-empirically using pre-test and post test with control group on 44 patients with Plaque Type Psoriasis with skin involvement under 20% referred to Imam Reza hospital in Ardabil. Patients were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=22) and control (n=22) , provided the serum level of zinc is low and lack of psoriatic artheritis were studied. Treatment group during one month received one tablet of zinc supplement 220 mg with topical ointment of Eucerin daily, and control group also received daily placebo and topical ointment of Eucerin for one month. The survey was followed for three months .Before and after treatment severity of itching, erythema, scaling , induration and surface area of lesions was calculated by PASI score(Psoriasis Area Severity Index) .The obtained data were analyzed by Chi-square test and covariance analysis(Ancova).
Results: The results showed that age average, gender distribution, employment status and health status in the subjects studied have no significant difference and they have same distribution. (p >0.05).However results of comparing the serum zinc level in subjects studied showed that average of serum level of zinc in two groups was in same level (p>0.05) and it was lower than the normal level in baseline. The results of covariance test showed that severity of itching, erythema, scaling , induration and surface area of lesions in both the treatment and control groups in any stage of study have no significant difference(p>0.05)
Conclusion: Using zinc supplement has no effect on reducing the clinical signs of patients with Plaque Type Psoriasis with Skin Involvement under 20%
Synthesis and anti leishmanial activities of novel N-eteroaryl-3-(para-metoxy benzyl) amino but- enamide and dihydropyrimidinone derivatives
No full textIntroduction and Goal
Leishmaniasis is widespread in many parts of the world, with the prevalence in more than 98 countries. According to the World Health Organization reports, the annual incidence of the disease is 2 million. There is no vaccine for this disease and there are few effective drugs to treat it. Drug resistance to the disease is increasing. Based on the clinical manifestations, they are classified into three general categories: visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucosal leishmaniasis. Iran is one of the endemic areas of Leishmania. During the past decade, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed on dihydropyrimidine derivatives and a number of heteroaryl containing compounds have been demonstrated to possess anti-leishmanial effects.
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Materials and Methods
Acyclic enamino amide intermediate compounds were prepared via reaction of primary aromatic amines with dioxin and xylene under reflux. After formation of the intermediates (beta-keto-amides), the final derivatives were synthesized using 4-methoxybenzylamine and isopropyl alcohol. The mechanism of synthesis is initiated by reverse Diles-Alder reaction of the dioxin ring and subsequent capture of the acetyl ketene intermediate by amines. Also for the synthesis of cyclic dihydropyrimidinenone/thione compounds, the previously obtained beta-keto amide intermediates were reacted with urea/thiourea, corresponding aldehydes, HCl or cobalt sulfate II in ethanol. Structural characterization of the synthesized compounds were performed using TLC, melting point determination, infrared spectrometry (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and proton-core magnetic resonance (H-NMR) technique. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity assessment of thiazole salt (MTT) was evaluated on Leishmania major promastigote parasites.
Results
Based on the results of NMR, IR and MS identification tests, all the synthesized structures were confirmed. Anti-leishmanial effects were evaluated on Leishmania major species and compound A10 (4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-N-phenyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide) with IC50 52.67 µg/ml exhibited the best anti-leishmanial effect (more than standard drug glucantim with IC50 71.01 µg/ml).
Discussion and conclusion
Based on the results, 6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thion derivatives were better anti-leishmanial agents within assessed compounds. Highr antileishmanial effects of the mentioned derivatives may be attributed majorly to 1) substitution of 2-carbonyl with 2-thiocarbonyl moiety and 2) substitution of 4-(N-benzyl) with of 4-(N-phenyl) substituent. Moreover; structure-biological relationship showed that the isoxazole and benzothiazole rings attached to the amine core of the acyclic enamino amides reinforced anti-leishmanial activity with regard to thiazole
The efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT + TAU) on reducing type-I Bipolar disorder symptoms
Get PDFIntroduction: Bipolar disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. To treat and
prevent the recurrence of the symptoms of this disorder, it is necessary to obtain information
about treatment methods such as group cognitive-behavioral therapy with different techniques.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy with the
drug in reducing the signs and symptoms of bipolar type -I disorder.
Method: This is a pilot-experimental study (pre-test and post-test). The statistical population of
this study was all patients with type-I bipolar disorder admitted to Ardabil Fatemi Hospital in
2018. In order to select the statistical sample, by using the available sampling method, 24 people
from the mentioned population were selected (based on psychiatric diagnosis) and were replaced
in two groups (experimental and control). SCID and Yang Mania scales were used to collect the
data. Then, the data were entered into SPSS-21 software. For statistical analysis, Levn and
covariance test were used.
Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy with drug
had a significant effect on manic indicators and reduces its symptoms in patients with this
disorder (P=0.05).
Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as a complementary therapeutic, along
with pharmacotherapy, to reduce the signs and symptoms of type-I bipolar disorder. Also,
according to the results of this study, the use of a team approach based on the cooperation of a
psychologist and a psychiatrist in the treatment of mood disorders is recommende
THE EFFECT OF LEFT SOLE MASSAGE ON PAIN RELIEF AND HEMODYNAMIC CONDITION OF PATIENTS WITH CHEST PAIN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
No full textBACKGROUND
Reflexology for chest pain, ache, burning or stabbing sensation in the chest is most
commonly performed on the feet. Pitchfork of left sole is the cardiac reflex point.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of left sole massage on haemodynamicc and
pain relief in patients with chest pain.
METHODS
This cross over clinical trial study was conducted on 117 patients with chest pain
admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital's emergency room in Ardabil. McGill visual
pain scale was applied to measure pain intensity, and left sole massage was used for
alleviating pain which was evaluated in two steps. The significance level was
regarded at p<0.05.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that according to paired and independent t-test, the level
of pain severity in the massage group had a significant difference with that of the
control (p=0.011). Furthermore, the participants in reflexology group had the mean
score of 142.0 ± 4.41 for systolic blood pressure, 89.8 ± 2.78 for diastolic blood
pressure, and 76.4±-4.20 for Pulse Per Minute before intervention; however, they
changed to 138 ± 4.28, 87.2 ± 2.70, and 76.4 ± -3.28 (normal range), respectively.
There was a significant difference in the ratings of both pre- and post-intervention
(p <0.05) based on the paired t-test.
CONCLUSIONS
In future, left sole massage can be used as proper supplement for medical therapies
and analgesics and can reduce the number and dose of drugs administered for
management of haemodynamics and narcotics for chest pain relief
Medication Adherence in the Elderly with Chronic Diseases Referring to Academic Medical Centers of Ardabil, Iran in 2018
Get PDFBackground: Today, the medical world faces an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases. Medication adherence is an essential component of the effective treatment of such diseases and failure to it, especially in the elderly, has a negative impact on health.
Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the level of medication adherence in the elderly with chronic diseases referring to academic medical centers in Ardabil, Iran.
Methods: In the current cross sectional study, 222 elderly patients with chronic diseases (i e, musculoskeletal, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal conditions) referring to the clinics of ImamKhomeini, Fatemi, and Alavi hospitals in Ardabil in 2018 were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statisticsandmultivariate logistic regression analysis with SPSS version 16.
Results: The mean age of the elderly was 68.25�7.65 years; 187 (84%) subjects had unsatisfactory medication adherence (score 6). The probability of satisfactory adherence to medication was higher in the elderly with higher level of education, but other variables such as age, gender, occupational status, income level, network of
life, place of residence, marital status, and type of chronic disease had no significant effect on medication adherence.
Conclusions: The high level of medication non-adherence in the elderly with chronic diseases is a matter of concern and it seems necessary to perform studies on the barriers to medication adherence in the elderly and solve them
Mechanistic assessment of cadmium toxicity in association with the functions of estrogen receptors in the Langerhans islets
No full textObjective(s): Diabetes is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence for which finding new and
efficient therapeutic approaches has always been a challenge. Preserving integrity and functionality
of pancreatic β-cells as the only source of insulin in the body is such a case. To achieve this goal
different cellular targets have been proposed among which pancreatic estrogen receptors have gotten
much attention. In this work, we evaluated the integrity and function of islets of Langerhans under
the influence of factors known to intervene with estrogen receptors. Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal,
has been recently shown to interact with estrogen receptors but its toxicity in the pancreatic islets
regarding this mechanism remains unclear.
Materials and Methods: Isolated islets of Langerhans from the pancreas of rats were grouped and treated
with cadmium chloride and also cadmium chloride plus β-estradiol. After 24 hr incubation, parameters of
cellular viability, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and insulin secretion were measured.
Results: The results indicated that cadmium reduced viability of the islets along with an increase in
the formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis markers, and β-estradiol, in turn, was able
to alleviate these disturbances to some extent, implicating the protective role of β-estradiol against
pancreatic toxicity of cadmium.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that modification of estrogen receptors in the endocrine pancreas and
especially β-cells may be a promising target to find a new therapeutic strategy for diabetes and even
uncovering mechanisms of environmental toxicants that have been known as risk factors of diabetes