Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Seroepidemiologic Study of human Anti-toxoplasma Antibody in Female People in Ardabil city in 2018
Full text linkBackground and Objective: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites that are considered risk factors for toxoplasmosis are very diverse, ranging from eating raw or undercooked meat to contact with infected cats, contact with soil, cleaning of cats places, transfer from mother to fetus, and eating of non-pasteurization milk and even blood transfusions, organ transplants and semen transfusions. Although various studies on this parasitic infection have been conducted in different parts of Iran, these studies have been mainly performed on high-risk groups (pregnant women and people with immunodeficiency diseases) and have been less based on the general population. Since awareness of the prevalence of this infection in demographic groups and different geographical areas and the risk factors involved is one of the main indicators based on which the risk of infection can be estimated in any society, so this study aims to be aware of The prevalence of serum anti-toxoplasma antibodies and some related risk factors was reported in female people in Ardabil city.
Methods: Three hundred forty nine members of the female population of ardabil were randomly selected based on the files in the health care centers. This number ranged from 1 to 69 years in the ten-year-old age groups.This People were called to the Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center and entered the study if they agreed. In addition to completing the design questionnaire, blood samples were taken for serologic IgG anti-toxoplasma antibody test.
Results: The prevalence of anti-human toxoplasmosis antibodies in Ardabil women aged 1 to 69 years was 45%. The prevalence was directly related to age.With increasing education,the prevalence decreased.In those who reported contact with cats,the prevalence was not significant despite the increase.
Conclusion: The prevalence of human anti-toxoplasmosis antibodies in Ardabil women was 45%
Protection of CCl4-induced hepatic and renal damage by linalool
Full text linkThe aim of the current study is to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of linalool against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control group (a regular diet); CCl4 group (1ml/kg dissolved in olive oil, intraperitoneally at 14th day); pretreatment group (25mg/kg linalool dailyþCCl4 14thday); post-treatment group (25mg/kg linalool 2, 6, 24, and 48h after the injection of CCl4 at 14th day); and linalool group (25mg/kg linalool daily, orally). All animals were sacrificed, tissue and blood samples were collected to analysis. Administration of CCl4 resulted in a marked increase in hepatic (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) and renal (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) markers. Also, CCl4 resulted in pathological damages, a significant increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde , tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Interleukin 6 , expression of nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and a significant decrease in the levels of serum total protein, serum albumin, and antioxidants. However, in pretreatment and post treatment groups, linalool significantly inhibited CCl4- induced hepatic and nephric damages. These results demonstrate that linalool has protective and therapeutic effects in an in vitro model of CCL4-induced hepatic and nephric damage, proposing linalool as a potential therapeutic agent against chemical and drug induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Electrochemical degradation of methylene blue dye using a graphite doped PbO2 anode: Optimization of operational parameters, degradation pathway and improving the biodegradability of textile wastewater
No full textAn anodic oxidation process with graphite anode coated with lead dioxide (G/β-PbO2) was optimized for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and the treatment of real textile wastewater. The G/β-PbO2 anode was prepared by the electrochemical precipitation method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the successful coating of graphite substrate with the β-PbO2 film. The effect of four independent variables including pH, reaction time, current density, and electrolyte concentration of Na2SO4 on the performance of the electrochemical oxidation system was modeled by using a complete central composite design and was then optimized by genetic algorithm method. The accuracy of the proposed quadratic model by CCD was confirmed with p-value 0.9. The optimum conditions for solution pH, reaction time, current density, and Na2SO4 electrolyte concentration were obtained to be 5.75, 50 min, 10 mA/cm2, and 78.8 mg/L, respectively. In these conditions, the experimental removal efficiencies of MB using G/β-PbO2 and graphite anodes were 96.2% and 68.3%, respectively. The electrochemical removal of MB using both G/β-PbO2 and graphite anodes well followed the pseudo-first-order reaction (R2 > 0.9). Cyclohexane, cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylium, and N-(sec-butyl) aniline were the most abundant intermediates identified by LC-MS analysis. However, the complete mineralization of MB was achieved in 60 min. The optimized anodic oxidation process successfully improved the biodegradability of real textile wastewater
Exploring the changes of physicians' behaviour toward informal payment based on Health Transformation Plan in Iran: A qualitative study
No full textByimplementationoftheHealthTransformationPlan(HTP),a revised tariff system for healthcare services was executed in Iran. This study explores the changes in physicians' behaviour in facing informal payment (IP) based on HTP implementation in Iran. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 purposefully selected physicians and policy makers to explore the changes (positive, negative and no) in physicians' behaviours with and without the implementation of HTP. The interviews were conducted individually and face to face. The conventional content analysis for data analysis by MAXQDA ver.10 was used. Based on the results, regardless of the HTP implemented, market competitiveness could control physicians' demand for IP. However, unreal tariffs, irregular payments, inflation, expensive healthcare and comparing income with other occupations increase physicians' demand for IP as negativebehaviour.Thisstudyexploredthreepatternsofphysicians' behavioural change because of HTP implementation: 1—positive behavioural change with four factors; 2—negative behavioural changes with two factors; and 3—no behavioural change with four factors. Various factors influenced physicians' behaviour towards IP with and without the HTP. To combat IP more efficiently, we recommend strengthening the HTP's positive interventions, compensation of physicians
Triage guidelines for emergency department patients with COVID-19
Full text linkThe recent emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), demonstrates the pandemic potential of COVID-19, the rapid spread of this virus across the world in only a few months highlights the transmissibility of this disease and the significant morbidity and mortality that it can cause, And these reasons make the importance of triage even more colorful at this point. Thus, we designed the principles for better emergency department triage of these patients and
reducing the possible risks of transmitting this disease. We hope that with this study, we will be able to partially solve the triage problems of these patients and the roblems of the healthcare staff
Protective Effect of Capparis spinosa Hydroalcoholic Extract on the Integrity of Rat Pancreatic Islets
Full text linkBackground & Objective: Capparis spinosa L. belongs to the Capparaceae family for which biological roles such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects have been reported. Some active chemical groups including flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, and minerals have been detected in in this plant. This study aimed to extract the C. spinosa alcoholic extract from different parts of the plant, measure the content of phenols and flavonoids, and evaluate the effects of bud extracts on the viability and oxidative state of the islets of Langerhans isolated from rat pancreas.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental setup, the hydroalcoholic extracts of different parts of the plant were obtained based on the maceration method. Folin- Ciocalteu and rutin were used as the standard reagents to measure phenols and flavonoids. The islets of Langerhans were isolated from the pancreas of male rats (n=16) and incubated for 24 hours. Then, the islets were exposed to the plant extract for 24 hours after which cellular viability and reactive oxygen species were measured.
Results: TheC.spinosabudalcoholicextractmarkedlyincreasedthesurvivalofthe islet cells. This effect was dose-dependent, and the greatest effects were observed at103 and 104 μgmL-1. At the mentioned concentrations, ROS production was reduced by 37% and 72% respectively comparing to the control.
Conclusion: The results indicated that C. spinose may have protective effects on the endocrine pancreas by increasing viability and decreasing ROS in the islets, and can thus be considered as a promising agent for prophylaxis and therapy in diabetes management
Spatial autocorrelation and epidemiological survey of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Azerbaijan region, the northwest of Iran
Full text linkVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a common infectious disease that is endemic in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the spatial autocorrelation of VL in the northwest of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, the data of all patients were collected in 2009–2017 and analyzed by SPSS23 and Moran's and General G Index. The MaxEnt3.3.3 software was used to determine the ecological niche. A big hot spot area was identified in five counties in the northwest of Iran. More than 70% of the cases were reported from these regions, and the incidence rate increased in the northwest of Iran from 2013 to 2017. Seasonal rainfall and average daily temperature were the most important climate variables affecting the incidence of VL in this region (p < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that VL in the northwest of Iran is expanding to new areas along the border with the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the northeastern section of this region is a high-risk area
Evaluation of the Effect Of Different Intracanal Materials in Vertical Root Fracture Pathway Detection by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
No full textIntroduction:
Vertical root fractures (VRFs) represent a challenging clinical situation for dental professionals because of difficulties in terms of diagnosis and treatment and may provide a feasible path for bacterial penetration with a consequent inflammatory process followed by resorption of the alveolar bone. For this reason, the early detection of VRFs is important to prevent extensive and additional damages to the periodontal tissues and also unnecessary treatment and costs .aim of this study is determining accuracyof Planmeca 3D Promax CBCT imaging Systems with different intracanal materials in detetctin Vertical Root Fractures.
Materials and Methods:
40 extracted human premolars were selected And inspected under a stereomicroscope to confirm the absence of vertical root fractures . Root canals were instrumented using Rotary files .20 teeth were included in the study as the control group and 20 teeth were randomly selected for inducing VRF (n=40). Electromechanical Universal Testing Machine was used for creating Fractures. Four different intracanal material conditions were established: no material, Gutta Percha,Metal post and Fiber post . Then the Teeht were placed in one dry mandibular alveoli containing dental sockets. For soft tissue reconstruction, the bony surfaces were covered by two layers of boxing wax before taking CBCT images. CBCT images were taken by Planmeca Promax 3D Two oral radiologists Who were blinded to the root fractures evaluated the images independently in three planes (axial, coronal and sagittal. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 22.
Results:
The Kappa Values For Agreement Between the Observers was 0.749 indicating high agreement. For 1st Observer ,When Used “Metal Post” as IntraCanal Material,Minimum Values Were obtained With Accuracy Of 70% Followed by “Gutta Percha” With accuracy of 80%.The highest values were For “Fiberglass Post” and when “no intracanal material” was used With Accuracy of 90%.
for 2nd Observer , Highest values were For “No intracanal material” and “Fiberglass Post” as intracanal materials.for this 2 groups, accuracy was 100% Followed by Gutta Percha And Metal post With Acuuracy of 80%.
Conclusion:
Planmeca Promax 3D CBCT System showed a high accuracy in the diagnosis of vertical root fractures. Moreover, the presence of Fiber posts had no effect on the accuracy of this system how ever gutta percha and metal posts had little effect on accuracy
Frequency of myopia in patients over 40 years of age referred to Ardabil Imam Reza Hospital and identification of effective factors in its occurrence from November, 2018 to November, 2019
Full text linkBackground: In recent years, many studies around the world have examined the prevalence and factors affecting myopia, but most of these studies focus on children and the data are less in the adult population. In Ardabil region, few studies have been conducted on the factors related to myopia, while the factors affecting vision disorders, including myopia, may vary between different races and geographical areas.
Aim: Determining the frequency of myopia in patients over 40 years of age referred to Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Ardabil and identifying the factors affecting its incidence
Methods and meterials: The study was a cross-sectional study in which all patients over 40 years of age who referred to the ophthalmology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital for various reasons between November 2018 and November 2019 were admitted to the study after obtaining consent. Initially, 436 patients were included in the study, of which 150 patients with exclusion criteria were excluded from the study; 139 people had myopia, which was considered as a group; And 147 patients without refractive errors and eye problems were included in the control group. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 25
Results: A total of 139 people had myopia (31.9%). Between having myopia with sex (P = 0.876), age group (P = 0.386), place of residence (P = 0.555), occupation (P = 0.136), income (P = 0.087), underlying disease (P = 0.180), and no history of drug use (P = 0.113). But between having myopia with education level (P = 0.013), need to see the proximity of the job (P = 0.001), working hours require close vision (P = 0.001), and family history of myopia (P = 0.018) There was a statistically significant relationship.
Conclusion: The present study showed that one third of the eye problems of patients over 40 years old referred to Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Ardabil, myopia and that having myopia is a significant direct relationship with the level of education, study hours, jobs that require close vision. , Hours of activity required close vision, and had a family histor
Prevalence of cigarette smoking and its related factors among Iranian male workers
Full text linkBackground: Smoking is considered as the second leading risk factor of early death and disability throughout the world. Smoking is the second leading risk factor of early death and disability in the world. The workplace is an important setting for the implementation of cigarette smoking prevention and control interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and related factors by focusing on ADHD and risk-taking behaviors among a sample of Iranian workers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2434 male workers of Kaveh Industrial City in Saveh. Random cluster sampling was used in the selection of workers. All workers completed five sets of anonymous and validated questionnaires. ADHD was measured by Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales. Data analysis was done using chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression model in STATA 10. Also, P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of the workers was 32.80±7.05 years. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in the lifetime, last year, last month, and daily or almost daily in the last month were 26.2%, 20.6% , 18.5%, and 13.1% respectively. After adjustment, age (OR=1.08), sensation seeking (OR=1.57), hookah smoking (OR=4.21), alcohol use (OR=2.51), sexual risk behaviors (OR=2.25), religiosity (OR=0.95) and self-esteem (OR=2.02) were associated with cigarette smoking.
Conclusion: Our results showed that 13.1 % of workers were regular smokers (daily or almost daily). Specific programs in workplaces, including interventions to enhance self-steam and reduce anxiety, can be effective in lowering cigarette smoking prevalence. Also, comprehensive interventions to reduce or prevent different risk-taking behaviors can be considered as elements of preventive action plans