Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Assessment of invitro properties of current marketed sunscreen preparation in Iran: determination of sun protection factor & water resistance factor
Full text linkIntroduction: The prevalence of photoaging and sun-related skin cancers increased worldwide. To reduce these damages, application of sunscreens is recommended. There are three main parameters for evaluation of sunscreens efficacy: sun protection factor (SPF) and protection against UVA rays and water resistance. These parameters are assessed by invitro or invivo methods. Invivo methods imitate the real conditions of sunscreens protection against the UV irritation. However, these methods suffer from ethical considerations. In contrast, invitro methods propose important advantageous such as reproducibility and availability, ease and low cost of experiments. In this study, the above-mentioned factors have been evaluated in sunscreen product which currently are used in the market of Iran.
Methods: 20 products available in the Iranian market with SPF labels ranged from 25 to 90 under two groups of domestically produced or foreign products, were purchased from reliable resources. To measure SPF, the absorption of the product in the range of 290-320 nm using UV spectrophotometer was recorded and the SPF was calculated using the Mansur formula. For measuring the protection ability of products against UVA radiation, the critical wavelength (CW) was measured using the surface below the UV absorption spectrum in the range of 320-400 nm. The water resistance of the products was also calculated according to the SPF measured before and after water immersion.
Results: The calculated SPF for these products was significantly different from their labeled SPF. The measured values were in the domain of 9.46 to 50.57. There was no significant difference between two Iranian or foreign groups. Also, the difference between sunscreens according to their composition of chemical or mineral ingrediants was not significant. CW of 3 products in the values of 375, 371, 372 nm showed the ability of protection against UVA rays with a critical wavelength above 370 nm. There was significant difference between the groups in this term. Water resistance was calculated in the values between 89.44% and 41.6%.
Conclusion: The invitro method for measuring these factors was fast, accessible and reproducible. None of these factors were significantly different in the two groups of domestic and foreign products.but protection against UVA radiation in group of mineral composition was low. Water resistance was higher for products with higher SPF labeling
Efficiency of Zeolite Coated with Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Removal of Humic Acid from Aqueous Solutions
No full textThe most important effect of natural organic materials in water is reacting with disinfectants and creating disinfectant by-products that are mostly carcinogenic. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for removal of humic acid (HA) by zeolite coated with nZVI nanoparticles (Zeolite/nZVI) from aqueous solutions. In this study, after synthesis of zeolite/nZVI, its structure and morphology were examined using FTIR, BET, XRF, and FESEM techniques. The effects of HA concentration, composite content, pH, and reaction time were evaluated. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic models. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy (ΔΗ°), entropy (ΔS°), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) were calculated. The results of the analyses confirmed the accuracy of the composite structure. Its specific surface area by using BET method was 203.43 m2/g. The HA removal efficiency was obtained at 92.98% in optimum conditions of 50 mg/L concentration, 2 g/L composite dose, pH = 3, and reaction time of 60 min. The results of the isotherm and kinetic study showed that the HA adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9707) and pseudo-second-order kinetic. The maximum adsorption capacity of the composite was determined at 23.36 mg/g by Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption of HA endothermic and the reaction cannot be done spontaneously. Zeolite/nZVI composite had good removal efficiency after five times of recycling. The present study showed that zeolite/nZVI can be used as an effective adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous solutions
Investigation of effect of ellagic acid on inhibition of cardiac toxicity induced by clozapine in isolated cardiomyocytes from rat heart muscle
No full textIntroduction
Clozapine (CLZ) as a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine, is used as an uncommon antipsychotic drug in the treatment of schizophrenia. CLZ differs from traditional antipsychotic drugs because of both its unique efficacy in treating resistant schizophrenia and the seriousness of its adverse effects There are several interrelated hypotheses to explain clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity which all of them may be related to oxidative stress. Therefore, the current study was aimed at studing the harmful effects of clozapine on cardiomyocytes and assessed the cytoprotective effect of ellagic acid (EA).
Materials and Methods
Using by of biochemical and flowcytometry techniques; cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), lysosomal membrane integrity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) content were measured in rat heart isolated cardiomyocytes from the rat heart.
Results
We showed that EA could protect the cardiomyocytes from damage induced by ROS formation, lysosomal damage, mitochondrial damage, and lipid peroxidation induced by CLZ were also decreased by EA Therefore, the research suggested the ellagic acid with promising effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective effects can be a good candidate for clozapine cardiotoxicity induced by clozapine.
Discussion
Collectively, these findings suggested that EA protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative injury through inhibiting ROS formation, mitochondria dysfunction, and lysosomal damages, which suggest a potential therapeutic strategy of EA for CLZ-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicit
A systematic review of emerging human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak: focus on disinfection methods, environmental survival, and control and prevention strategies
No full textRecently, an outbreak of a novel human coronavirus which is referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) was identified in Wuhan, China. To help combat the pandemic, a systematic review (SR) was performed to collect all available studies concerning inactivation methods, environmental survival, and control and prevention strategies. A comprehensive literature survey yielded 42 eligible studies which included in the SR. The results confirmed that the WHO recommended two alcohol-based hand rub formulations (ethanol 70–95% and 2-propanol 70–100%) had an efficient virucidal activity in less than 60 s by more and equal 4 log10 (≥ 99.99) approximately and could be used for disinfection in public health and health-care facilities. The findings indicated that SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 can survive under different environmental conditions between 4 and 72 h approximately. The results also demonstrate that temperature and relative humidity are important factors in the survival of SARS-CoV-2. The main strategies recommended by the WHO to avoid contracting SARS-CoV-2 are hand washing several times in the day and maintaining social distancing with others. It is important to note that the more studies require addressing, the more possible airborne transmission due to the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols for 3 h approximately. We hope that the results of the present SR can help researchers, health decision-makers, policy-makers, and people for understanding and taking the proper behavior to control and prevent further spread of SARS-CoV-2
The Attitude of Nurses Working in emergency wards in Educational Hospitals of ardabil University of Medical Sciences toward the Elderly
Full text linkIntroduction: Most older people suffer from chronic illnesses and disabilities and receive health care. Healthcare providers have different attitudes toward the elderly. such an attitude can impact providing effective services to them. This study investigated the attitudes of nurses working in educational hospitals ardabil University of Medical Sciences toward the elderly in 2019.
Methods:This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in ardabil educational hospitals on 164 nurses selected. The sampling method was performed by census. The research instrument used in this study was a demographic information questionnaire and Kogan attitude questionnaire for the elderly. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance in Spss software version 22.
Results:In this study, 138 nurses (84/15%) had positive attitudes toward the elderly. According to the findings, the highest percentage of positive attitude was in the age range of 31-40 and the lowest was in the age range of ≥41years. men were more likely to have a positive attitude toward the elderly than women and there was a correlation betweenmen and positive attitudes toward the elderly
Conclusion:The attitude of nurses working in the emergency department towards the elderly is positive. however, because of their high contacts with old people, this attitude score is not enough. the obtained results can be used as a basis for developing programs of attitude promotion towards the elderly in future studies
Degradation of basic violet 16 dye by electro-activated persulfate process from aqueous solutions and toxicity assessment using microorganisms: Determination of by-products, reaction kinetic and optimization using Box-Behnken design
No full textThis study was performed to determine the efficiency of the electro/persulfate process to remove basic violet 16 (BV16) dye and COD from aqueous solutions. The present study was experimentally performed on a laboratory scale. The effect of pH on the process was investigated independently, and after performing the experiments, the effect of voltage (volts), the dose of persulfate (g/L), initial concentration of BV16 dye, and electrolysis time was investigated with the model presented by Box Behnken design, and optimal conditions for BV16 dye removal was obtained. Under optimal conditions, COD removal efficiency and toxicity changes during the process were calculated, and the effect of distance between electrodes and surface of electrodes on process efficiency was investigated. By-products of oxidative degradation were determined with LS-MS. The amount of electrical energy consumed by the process was investigated by voltage changes and then the kinetics of the process was investigated by a pseudo-first-order model. The results showed that the electro/persulfate process in optimal conditions including pH of 5, a voltage of 11.43 V, persulfate dose of 0.09 g/L, initial BV16 concentration of 45 mg/L, and electrolysis time of 48.5 min could provide BV16 dye removal efficiency of 95% and COD removal efficiency of 57.14%. Findings of electrical energy consumption showed that with increasing voltage, the efficiency of the process increased, but the amount of energy consumption also increased. Under optimal conditions, increasing distance between the electrodes was led to a decrease in removal efficiency, but the removal efficiency increased with the increasing surface of the electrodes. Based on the kinetic results, the electro/persulfate process followed pseudofirst-order kinetics with R2 = 0.9956. The present study showed that the electro/persulfate process as a useful technique has high efficiency in removing BV16 dye and its toxicity from aqueous solutions and can be effective and
useful in removing the COD of solution
The Prevalence of Skeletal Disorders among Elementary School Girl Students in Ardabil in 2019
No full textBackground: Maintaining and promoting the health of children is one of the health pillars of any society and it is necessary to identify the pattern of children's diseases in order to provide appropriate medical services and health care.
Aim: To determine the prevalence of skeletal disorders among elementary school girl students in ardabil in 2019.
Methods and meterials: A total of 336 female students studying in elementary schools in Ardabil in the academic year 2019 were included in this study by cluster sampling. The research tools were plummet (guideline), matrix sheet, mirror box and the personal characteristics questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 24.
Results: Prevalence of postural disorders were as follows: uneven shoulders (49.4%), forward head (32.4%), kyphosis (23.8%), lumbar lordosis (22.3%), flat feet (11.2%), hallux valgus (9.8%), scoliosis (9.8%), genu varum (7.4%), genu valgum (5.7%), and flat back (2.7%).There was a significant relationship between students' body mass index status with uneven shoulders (P=0.001), kyphosis (P=0.002), and lumbar lordosis (P=0.002).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the highest percentage of postural disorders among elementary school girl students in Ardabil was related to uneven shoulders and the lowest percentage was related to flat back. Also, the frequency of uneven shoulders, kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were significantly higher among lean and very lean student
Evaluation of serum levels of Sirtuin-1 in lung cancer patients
No full textBackground: Sirtuin-1 is a protein from the family of sirtuins that has been implicated in inflammaging and oxidative stress in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum level of Sirtuin-1 and its relation with quality of life in lung cancer.
Methods: Sirtuin-1 levels were measured in 30 male with lung cancer and 50 healthy men. The two groups were matched for age. The difference between the serum levels of Sirtuin-1 between the two groups and its relationship with other clinical parameters were evaluated. Data were analyzed by independent T-test and Spearman correlation and P <0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: Sirtuin-1 levels were significantly lower in the patient group in comparison with healthy group (P <0.001). There was also a significant relationship between serum level of Sirtuin-1 and quality of life according to Karnofsky scale (P = 0.001 r = 0.558), arterial oxygen saturation (P = 0.009 r = 0.470) and smoking history (P=0.003 r = - 0.330). Also, the serum levels of Sirtuin-1 were significantly lower in adenocarcinoma than that in squamous cell carcinoma or small cell lung cancer (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, serum levels of sirtuin-1 were lower in patients with lung cancer. In addition, there was a positive correlation between serum levels of sirtuin-1 and patients' quality of life (according to Karnofsky scale), hypoxia and smoking history. Therefore, decreased serum sirtuin-1 levels in lung cancer reflect the cell aging process and correlate with poor quality of life
A Review of the Impact of Food Policies on Food Security Status and Healthy/Unhealthy Food Consumption
No full textAbstract: Background: Food insecurity refers to a household’s financial inability to access adequate food. Food subsidy programs are the right strategies that have been undertaken for many years in some countries. Aim:This study aims to summarize and compare the impact of some subsidy programs on food secu-rity as a narrative review. Methods: Community-based studies analyzing the impact of food policies on food security status and healthy/unhealthy food consumption were reviewed.Our search keywords included food tax, healthy/unhealthy food, food security, food subsidy, targeted subsidy, and Iran. ResultsandConclusion:Some subsidy programs aim to improve food security and nutritional status of low-income individuals. Developing countries, for the improvement of food security and hunger, use some food subsidy programs that can improve the food security status. One of the most used pro-grams is a food subsidy program in schools. Unfortunately, the targeted subsidy policy in Iran has affected the nutritional status and food security of households, therefore, it is necessary to implement a food subsidy program for low-income families. Fruits and vegetable subsidies can increase their consumption. Unhealthy food consumption decreasesby implementing food tax programs, especially if the number of tax increases. In general, cash subsidies are more beneficial in improving the nutri-tional status
Effect of Pyridoxal Phosphate on Atherosclerosis and Nephropathy Progression in Atherosclerotic Rats
Full text linkDiabetes vascular complications are the leading cause of death in the world. Therefore, we investigated the effect of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) on the formation of atheromatous plaque and renal function in atherosclerotic rats.
Materials & Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of normal, atherosclerotic, and two similar groups under PLP treatment. Atherosclerosis was induced in rats by an atherogenic diet and all groups were treated with 0.18% of PLP in drinking water daily for three months. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was applied to assess the histopathological changes in the aorta of subjects. Insulin resistance index, the activity of the glyoxalase (GLO) system, lipid profile, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation markers, advanced oxidation protein products, and inflammatory markers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and TGF-β1 were examined in all rats. In addition, serum creatinine levels and urinary protein excretion of all animals were measured.
Results: Atheromatous lesions were not observed in the aorta of PLP-treated atherosclerotic rats. Furthermore, PLP seemed to improve insulin function, lipid profile, kidney function parameters, GLO system activity, and inflammation. We found that PLP treatment decreased the formation of LDL oxidation products both in vitro and in vivo (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to our findings, PLP imposed a beneficial effect on vascular complications in atherosclerotic rats, which could be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, PLP has positive impacts on insulin function, dyslipidemia, and GLO system activity