Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Evaluation of Iatrogenic Errors and the quality of Root canal treatments of Maxillary Premolar and molar teeth in Ardebil by the aid of CBCT-2017-2018
No full textIntroduction: Errors during root canal therapy are inevitable in some cases, but at the same time efforts that are being made to reduce their frequency and thus improve the prognosis of endodontic therapy; This study was conducted by CBCT images in 1397 with the aim of investigating the prevalence of errors during operation and the quality of root canal therapy of premolar and molar maxillary teeth in Ardabil.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional and retrospective study, To investigate the iatrogenic errors the therapy and the quality of the trerapy performed from 327 endo CBCT images of the teeth of 1 and 2 molars and premolars were used in people over 15 years of age. The existing teeth in these images (CBCT) was investigated in three dimensions Axial, Coronal, Sagital in terms of tooth filling length, number of undetected channels and perforation occurred during treatment, by a dental student under the supervision of a radiologist and an endodontics specialist. Then, the information obtained from the study was described using descriptive - statistical methods (frequency and percentage) and using SPSS statistical software version 20 using chi-square test at 5% error level.
Results: The results showed that the frequency of under channel length (24.46%), undetected channel (13.46), OVER channel length (6.12%), root analysis (1.75%), apical perforation (2. 45%), broken device in the channel (2.45%), root fracture during work (0.92%) and no error was observed in the strip perforation.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained by modifying and upgrading the teaching methods, the amount of undesirable treatments such as iatrogenic errors of inappropriate filling length and undetected canal can be reduced
Investigation of infectious abortion and its complications in pregnant women admitted in Alavi hospital in Ardebil during 1390-1397
No full textBackground and Objective: Infection is one of the most common causes of maternal mortality. And mortality from miscarriage is actually caused by infection. A 1990 study of abortion deaths in the United States found that 62 percent of deaths were due to illegal abortions and 51 percent were due to infections. Infectious abortion is an abortion associated with infection with fever, endometritis, and parametritis. It is one of the most serious threats to women's health around the world. Infectious abortions and deaths from infectious abortions are rare in countries where abortion is legal, but are more common in many developing countries where it is illegal or inaccessible.
Methods: In this study, information about pregnant women admitted to Alavi Hospital in Ardabil city during the years 1390-97, who had an infectious abortion, was extracted from the women's hospital file and analyzed using statistical methods. The case of women who had an abortion in the first or second trimester of pregnancy and had at least two of the following were studied:
Results: The rate of infectious abortion in this study was 40 people per 50,000 live births, which was equivalent to 8 cases per 10,000 live births. The mean age of the women studied was 32.58±5.35 years. In most studies, the highest number of women in the gestational age group was over 13 weeks (50%), followed by 30% of pregnant women at 9-12 weeks of gestation, and finally the lowest number of women aged 8-4 weeks. they had. Most women admitted to pregnancy had more than three pregnancies due to an abortion. Among them, 5 (12.5%) of them had a first pregnancy and 7 (17.5%) had a previous pregnancy. About 80% of women had a fever, with the highest rates of clinical manifestations after fever, including vaginal bleeding, tachycardia, abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, body aches, and urinary incontinence, respectively. 52.5% of women had an open cervix at the time of referral, and 35% of women had a closed cervix. 45% of the women surveyed were hospitalized for less than 4 days and the remaining 55% were hospitalized for more than 4 days. Complications of infectious abortion included peritonitis, uterine rupture, septic shock, and DIC. Twenty-five percent of women had a miscarriage when they went to the doctor, and 35 percent had a miscarriage with a midwife using tools such as curettage and less.
Conclusion: Referral due to infectious abortion due to manipulation and its complications can be due to the use of induction drugs and safe methods for abortion, and it is not possible to judge the reduction of general induction statistics
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Posttraumatic Cognitions and Psychological Inflexibility among Students with Trauma Exposure
Get PDFBackground: Posttraumatic stress disorder has a negative impact on the individual, family, and community due to disturbance in social
functioning, increased stress, and life‑threatening health status. Therefore, effective and useful therapeutic interventions in this area are very
important. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the posttraumatic cognitions
of students with trauma exposure. Methods: In this quasi‑experimental study, population included all students of Islamic Azad University in
Roudehen, Tehran, Iran, during the academic year of 2018–2019. After administering trauma questionnaire, the second version of acceptance
and action questionnaire (AAQ‑II), and posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI) to 500 people, 113 people who experienced trauma and
had high scores in PTCI and low scores in AAQ‑II were identified. Of whom 40 people were selected randomly. After the clinical interview,
the subjects were randomly placed in the experimental group (who received ACT, n = 20) and placebo group (n = 20). Both groups were
pre‑ and posttested using the PTCI and AAQ‑II. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The results showed
that there was a significant difference in posttraumatic cognitions (negative cognitions about self, negative cognitions about the world, and
self‑blame) between the two groups. In addition, the results of posttest related to ACT had a significant impact on psychological inflexibility.
In other words, ACT reduced posttraumatic cognitions and increased psychological flexibility of these students. Conclusion: The findings of
the present study reveal that despite posttraumatic cognitions of students with trauma exposure, ACT increases value‑based behaviors through
increasing psychological flexibility and decreasing experiential avoidance
Correlation of serum fatty acid binding protein-4 and interleukin-6 with airflow limitation and quality of life in stable and acute exacerbation of COPD
Get PDFBackground/aim: The serum fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4) level increases in chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to examine serum FABP-4 and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in patients with stable and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the correlation of these markers with airflow limitation.
Materials and methods: We measured serum FABP-4 and IL-6 levels in 60 COPD patients [30 stable COPD (SCOPD), and 30 acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD)], and 30 healthy subjects and compared them with airflow limitation according to the COPD stage in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) criteria, peripheral O2 saturation (SpO2), and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score. We also tested the association between serum FABP-4 levels and some characteristics of study parameters.
Results: Both serum FABP-4 and IL-6 levels increased with increasing severity of GOLD grades in SCOPD (P < 0.01 for both) and AECOPD groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). It also increased in patients with AECOPD group compared with SCOPD group in GOLD grades I-II (P < 0.01) and GOLD grades III-IV (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between serum FABP-4 level with IL-6, CAT score, and smoking history and inversely with FEV1 and SpO2.
Conclusion: The study revealed that serum FABP-4 level was elevated with increasing GOLD grades in COPD patients, markedly in acute exacerbation phase. The increase was associated with elevated serum levels of IL-6 and severity of hypoxia. Thus, it seems that FABP-4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD
Seroepidemiologic Study of human Anti-toxoplasma Antibody in Female People in Ardabil city in 2018
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites that are considered risk factors for toxoplasmosis are very diverse, ranging from eating raw or undercooked meat to contact with infected cats, contact with soil, cleaning of cats places, transfer from mother to fetus, and eating of non-pasteurization milk and even blood transfusions, organ transplants and semen transfusions. Although various studies on this parasitic infection have been conducted in different parts of Iran, these studies have been mainly performed on high-risk groups (pregnant women and people with immunodeficiency diseases) and have been less based on the general population. Since awareness of the prevalence of this infection in demographic groups and different geographical areas and the risk factors involved is one of the main indicators based on which the risk of infection can be estimated in any society, so this study aims to be aware of The prevalence of serum anti-toxoplasma antibodies and some related risk factors was reported in female people in Ardabil city.
Methods: Three hundred forty nine members of the female population of ardabil were randomly selected based on the files in the health care centers. This number ranged from 1 to 69 years in the ten-year-old age groups.This People were called to the Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center and entered the study if they agreed. In addition to completing the design questionnaire, blood samples were taken for serologic IgG anti-toxoplasma antibody test.
Results: The prevalence of anti-human toxoplasmosis antibodies in Ardabil women aged 1 to 69 years was 45%. The prevalence was directly related to age.With increasing education,the prevalence decreased.In those who reported contact with cats,the prevalence was not significant despite the increase.
Conclusion: The prevalence of human anti-toxoplasmosis antibodies in Ardabil women was 45%
Protection of CCl4-induced hepatic and renal damage by linalool
Get PDFThe aim of the current study is to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of linalool against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control group (a regular diet); CCl4 group (1ml/kg dissolved in olive oil, intraperitoneally at 14th day); pretreatment group (25mg/kg linalool dailyþCCl4 14thday); post-treatment group (25mg/kg linalool 2, 6, 24, and 48h after the injection of CCl4 at 14th day); and linalool group (25mg/kg linalool daily, orally). All animals were sacrificed, tissue and blood samples were collected to analysis. Administration of CCl4 resulted in a marked increase in hepatic (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) and renal (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) markers. Also, CCl4 resulted in pathological damages, a significant increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde , tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Interleukin 6 , expression of nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and a significant decrease in the levels of serum total protein, serum albumin, and antioxidants. However, in pretreatment and post treatment groups, linalool significantly inhibited CCl4- induced hepatic and nephric damages. These results demonstrate that linalool has protective and therapeutic effects in an in vitro model of CCL4-induced hepatic and nephric damage, proposing linalool as a potential therapeutic agent against chemical and drug induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Electrochemical degradation of methylene blue dye using a graphite doped PbO2 anode: Optimization of operational parameters, degradation pathway and improving the biodegradability of textile wastewater
No full textAn anodic oxidation process with graphite anode coated with lead dioxide (G/β-PbO2) was optimized for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and the treatment of real textile wastewater. The G/β-PbO2 anode was prepared by the electrochemical precipitation method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the successful coating of graphite substrate with the β-PbO2 film. The effect of four independent variables including pH, reaction time, current density, and electrolyte concentration of Na2SO4 on the performance of the electrochemical oxidation system was modeled by using a complete central composite design and was then optimized by genetic algorithm method. The accuracy of the proposed quadratic model by CCD was confirmed with p-value 0.9. The optimum conditions for solution pH, reaction time, current density, and Na2SO4 electrolyte concentration were obtained to be 5.75, 50 min, 10 mA/cm2, and 78.8 mg/L, respectively. In these conditions, the experimental removal efficiencies of MB using G/β-PbO2 and graphite anodes were 96.2% and 68.3%, respectively. The electrochemical removal of MB using both G/β-PbO2 and graphite anodes well followed the pseudo-first-order reaction (R2 > 0.9). Cyclohexane, cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylium, and N-(sec-butyl) aniline were the most abundant intermediates identified by LC-MS analysis. However, the complete mineralization of MB was achieved in 60 min. The optimized anodic oxidation process successfully improved the biodegradability of real textile wastewater
Exploring the changes of physicians' behaviour toward informal payment based on Health Transformation Plan in Iran: A qualitative study
No full textByimplementationoftheHealthTransformationPlan(HTP),a revised tariff system for healthcare services was executed in Iran. This study explores the changes in physicians' behaviour in facing informal payment (IP) based on HTP implementation in Iran. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 purposefully selected physicians and policy makers to explore the changes (positive, negative and no) in physicians' behaviours with and without the implementation of HTP. The interviews were conducted individually and face to face. The conventional content analysis for data analysis by MAXQDA ver.10 was used. Based on the results, regardless of the HTP implemented, market competitiveness could control physicians' demand for IP. However, unreal tariffs, irregular payments, inflation, expensive healthcare and comparing income with other occupations increase physicians' demand for IP as negativebehaviour.Thisstudyexploredthreepatternsofphysicians' behavioural change because of HTP implementation: 1—positive behavioural change with four factors; 2—negative behavioural changes with two factors; and 3—no behavioural change with four factors. Various factors influenced physicians' behaviour towards IP with and without the HTP. To combat IP more efficiently, we recommend strengthening the HTP's positive interventions, compensation of physicians
Triage guidelines for emergency department patients with COVID-19
Get PDFThe recent emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), demonstrates the pandemic potential of COVID-19, the rapid spread of this virus across the world in only a few months highlights the transmissibility of this disease and the significant morbidity and mortality that it can cause, And these reasons make the importance of triage even more colorful at this point. Thus, we designed the principles for better emergency department triage of these patients and
reducing the possible risks of transmitting this disease. We hope that with this study, we will be able to partially solve the triage problems of these patients and the roblems of the healthcare staff
Protective Effect of Capparis spinosa Hydroalcoholic Extract on the Integrity of Rat Pancreatic Islets
Get PDFBackground & Objective: Capparis spinosa L. belongs to the Capparaceae family for which biological roles such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects have been reported. Some active chemical groups including flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, and minerals have been detected in in this plant. This study aimed to extract the C. spinosa alcoholic extract from different parts of the plant, measure the content of phenols and flavonoids, and evaluate the effects of bud extracts on the viability and oxidative state of the islets of Langerhans isolated from rat pancreas.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental setup, the hydroalcoholic extracts of different parts of the plant were obtained based on the maceration method. Folin- Ciocalteu and rutin were used as the standard reagents to measure phenols and flavonoids. The islets of Langerhans were isolated from the pancreas of male rats (n=16) and incubated for 24 hours. Then, the islets were exposed to the plant extract for 24 hours after which cellular viability and reactive oxygen species were measured.
Results: TheC.spinosabudalcoholicextractmarkedlyincreasedthesurvivalofthe islet cells. This effect was dose-dependent, and the greatest effects were observed at103 and 104 μgmL-1. At the mentioned concentrations, ROS production was reduced by 37% and 72% respectively comparing to the control.
Conclusion: The results indicated that C. spinose may have protective effects on the endocrine pancreas by increasing viability and decreasing ROS in the islets, and can thus be considered as a promising agent for prophylaxis and therapy in diabetes management