Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Spatial autocorrelation and epidemiological survey of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Azerbaijan region, the northwest of Iran
Get PDFVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a common infectious disease that is endemic in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the spatial autocorrelation of VL in the northwest of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, the data of all patients were collected in 2009–2017 and analyzed by SPSS23 and Moran's and General G Index. The MaxEnt3.3.3 software was used to determine the ecological niche. A big hot spot area was identified in five counties in the northwest of Iran. More than 70% of the cases were reported from these regions, and the incidence rate increased in the northwest of Iran from 2013 to 2017. Seasonal rainfall and average daily temperature were the most important climate variables affecting the incidence of VL in this region (p < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that VL in the northwest of Iran is expanding to new areas along the border with the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the northeastern section of this region is a high-risk area
Evaluation of the Effect Of Different Intracanal Materials in Vertical Root Fracture Pathway Detection by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
No full textIntroduction:
Vertical root fractures (VRFs) represent a challenging clinical situation for dental professionals because of difficulties in terms of diagnosis and treatment and may provide a feasible path for bacterial penetration with a consequent inflammatory process followed by resorption of the alveolar bone. For this reason, the early detection of VRFs is important to prevent extensive and additional damages to the periodontal tissues and also unnecessary treatment and costs .aim of this study is determining accuracyof Planmeca 3D Promax CBCT imaging Systems with different intracanal materials in detetctin Vertical Root Fractures.
Materials and Methods:
40 extracted human premolars were selected And inspected under a stereomicroscope to confirm the absence of vertical root fractures . Root canals were instrumented using Rotary files .20 teeth were included in the study as the control group and 20 teeth were randomly selected for inducing VRF (n=40). Electromechanical Universal Testing Machine was used for creating Fractures. Four different intracanal material conditions were established: no material, Gutta Percha,Metal post and Fiber post . Then the Teeht were placed in one dry mandibular alveoli containing dental sockets. For soft tissue reconstruction, the bony surfaces were covered by two layers of boxing wax before taking CBCT images. CBCT images were taken by Planmeca Promax 3D Two oral radiologists Who were blinded to the root fractures evaluated the images independently in three planes (axial, coronal and sagittal. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 22.
Results:
The Kappa Values For Agreement Between the Observers was 0.749 indicating high agreement. For 1st Observer ,When Used “Metal Post” as IntraCanal Material,Minimum Values Were obtained With Accuracy Of 70% Followed by “Gutta Percha” With accuracy of 80%.The highest values were For “Fiberglass Post” and when “no intracanal material” was used With Accuracy of 90%.
for 2nd Observer , Highest values were For “No intracanal material” and “Fiberglass Post” as intracanal materials.for this 2 groups, accuracy was 100% Followed by Gutta Percha And Metal post With Acuuracy of 80%.
Conclusion:
Planmeca Promax 3D CBCT System showed a high accuracy in the diagnosis of vertical root fractures. Moreover, the presence of Fiber posts had no effect on the accuracy of this system how ever gutta percha and metal posts had little effect on accuracy
Frequency of myopia in patients over 40 years of age referred to Ardabil Imam Reza Hospital and identification of effective factors in its occurrence from November, 2018 to November, 2019
Get PDFBackground: In recent years, many studies around the world have examined the prevalence and factors affecting myopia, but most of these studies focus on children and the data are less in the adult population. In Ardabil region, few studies have been conducted on the factors related to myopia, while the factors affecting vision disorders, including myopia, may vary between different races and geographical areas.
Aim: Determining the frequency of myopia in patients over 40 years of age referred to Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Ardabil and identifying the factors affecting its incidence
Methods and meterials: The study was a cross-sectional study in which all patients over 40 years of age who referred to the ophthalmology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital for various reasons between November 2018 and November 2019 were admitted to the study after obtaining consent. Initially, 436 patients were included in the study, of which 150 patients with exclusion criteria were excluded from the study; 139 people had myopia, which was considered as a group; And 147 patients without refractive errors and eye problems were included in the control group. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 25
Results: A total of 139 people had myopia (31.9%). Between having myopia with sex (P = 0.876), age group (P = 0.386), place of residence (P = 0.555), occupation (P = 0.136), income (P = 0.087), underlying disease (P = 0.180), and no history of drug use (P = 0.113). But between having myopia with education level (P = 0.013), need to see the proximity of the job (P = 0.001), working hours require close vision (P = 0.001), and family history of myopia (P = 0.018) There was a statistically significant relationship.
Conclusion: The present study showed that one third of the eye problems of patients over 40 years old referred to Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Ardabil, myopia and that having myopia is a significant direct relationship with the level of education, study hours, jobs that require close vision. , Hours of activity required close vision, and had a family histor
Prevalence of cigarette smoking and its related factors among Iranian male workers
Get PDFBackground: Smoking is considered as the second leading risk factor of early death and disability throughout the world. Smoking is the second leading risk factor of early death and disability in the world. The workplace is an important setting for the implementation of cigarette smoking prevention and control interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and related factors by focusing on ADHD and risk-taking behaviors among a sample of Iranian workers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2434 male workers of Kaveh Industrial City in Saveh. Random cluster sampling was used in the selection of workers. All workers completed five sets of anonymous and validated questionnaires. ADHD was measured by Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales. Data analysis was done using chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression model in STATA 10. Also, P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of the workers was 32.80±7.05 years. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in the lifetime, last year, last month, and daily or almost daily in the last month were 26.2%, 20.6% , 18.5%, and 13.1% respectively. After adjustment, age (OR=1.08), sensation seeking (OR=1.57), hookah smoking (OR=4.21), alcohol use (OR=2.51), sexual risk behaviors (OR=2.25), religiosity (OR=0.95) and self-esteem (OR=2.02) were associated with cigarette smoking.
Conclusion: Our results showed that 13.1 % of workers were regular smokers (daily or almost daily). Specific programs in workplaces, including interventions to enhance self-steam and reduce anxiety, can be effective in lowering cigarette smoking prevalence. Also, comprehensive interventions to reduce or prevent different risk-taking behaviors can be considered as elements of preventive action plans
Assessment of invitro properties of current marketed sunscreen preparation in Iran: determination of sun protection factor & water resistance factor
Get PDFIntroduction: The prevalence of photoaging and sun-related skin cancers increased worldwide. To reduce these damages, application of sunscreens is recommended. There are three main parameters for evaluation of sunscreens efficacy: sun protection factor (SPF) and protection against UVA rays and water resistance. These parameters are assessed by invitro or invivo methods. Invivo methods imitate the real conditions of sunscreens protection against the UV irritation. However, these methods suffer from ethical considerations. In contrast, invitro methods propose important advantageous such as reproducibility and availability, ease and low cost of experiments. In this study, the above-mentioned factors have been evaluated in sunscreen product which currently are used in the market of Iran.
Methods: 20 products available in the Iranian market with SPF labels ranged from 25 to 90 under two groups of domestically produced or foreign products, were purchased from reliable resources. To measure SPF, the absorption of the product in the range of 290-320 nm using UV spectrophotometer was recorded and the SPF was calculated using the Mansur formula. For measuring the protection ability of products against UVA radiation, the critical wavelength (CW) was measured using the surface below the UV absorption spectrum in the range of 320-400 nm. The water resistance of the products was also calculated according to the SPF measured before and after water immersion.
Results: The calculated SPF for these products was significantly different from their labeled SPF. The measured values were in the domain of 9.46 to 50.57. There was no significant difference between two Iranian or foreign groups. Also, the difference between sunscreens according to their composition of chemical or mineral ingrediants was not significant. CW of 3 products in the values of 375, 371, 372 nm showed the ability of protection against UVA rays with a critical wavelength above 370 nm. There was significant difference between the groups in this term. Water resistance was calculated in the values between 89.44% and 41.6%.
Conclusion: The invitro method for measuring these factors was fast, accessible and reproducible. None of these factors were significantly different in the two groups of domestic and foreign products.but protection against UVA radiation in group of mineral composition was low. Water resistance was higher for products with higher SPF labeling
Efficiency of Zeolite Coated with Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Removal of Humic Acid from Aqueous Solutions
No full textThe most important effect of natural organic materials in water is reacting with disinfectants and creating disinfectant by-products that are mostly carcinogenic. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for removal of humic acid (HA) by zeolite coated with nZVI nanoparticles (Zeolite/nZVI) from aqueous solutions. In this study, after synthesis of zeolite/nZVI, its structure and morphology were examined using FTIR, BET, XRF, and FESEM techniques. The effects of HA concentration, composite content, pH, and reaction time were evaluated. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic models. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy (ΔΗ°), entropy (ΔS°), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) were calculated. The results of the analyses confirmed the accuracy of the composite structure. Its specific surface area by using BET method was 203.43 m2/g. The HA removal efficiency was obtained at 92.98% in optimum conditions of 50 mg/L concentration, 2 g/L composite dose, pH = 3, and reaction time of 60 min. The results of the isotherm and kinetic study showed that the HA adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9707) and pseudo-second-order kinetic. The maximum adsorption capacity of the composite was determined at 23.36 mg/g by Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption of HA endothermic and the reaction cannot be done spontaneously. Zeolite/nZVI composite had good removal efficiency after five times of recycling. The present study showed that zeolite/nZVI can be used as an effective adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous solutions
Investigation of effect of ellagic acid on inhibition of cardiac toxicity induced by clozapine in isolated cardiomyocytes from rat heart muscle
No full textIntroduction
Clozapine (CLZ) as a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine, is used as an uncommon antipsychotic drug in the treatment of schizophrenia. CLZ differs from traditional antipsychotic drugs because of both its unique efficacy in treating resistant schizophrenia and the seriousness of its adverse effects There are several interrelated hypotheses to explain clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity which all of them may be related to oxidative stress. Therefore, the current study was aimed at studing the harmful effects of clozapine on cardiomyocytes and assessed the cytoprotective effect of ellagic acid (EA).
Materials and Methods
Using by of biochemical and flowcytometry techniques; cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), lysosomal membrane integrity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) content were measured in rat heart isolated cardiomyocytes from the rat heart.
Results
We showed that EA could protect the cardiomyocytes from damage induced by ROS formation, lysosomal damage, mitochondrial damage, and lipid peroxidation induced by CLZ were also decreased by EA Therefore, the research suggested the ellagic acid with promising effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective effects can be a good candidate for clozapine cardiotoxicity induced by clozapine.
Discussion
Collectively, these findings suggested that EA protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative injury through inhibiting ROS formation, mitochondria dysfunction, and lysosomal damages, which suggest a potential therapeutic strategy of EA for CLZ-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicit
A systematic review of emerging human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak: focus on disinfection methods, environmental survival, and control and prevention strategies
No full textRecently, an outbreak of a novel human coronavirus which is referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) was identified in Wuhan, China. To help combat the pandemic, a systematic review (SR) was performed to collect all available studies concerning inactivation methods, environmental survival, and control and prevention strategies. A comprehensive literature survey yielded 42 eligible studies which included in the SR. The results confirmed that the WHO recommended two alcohol-based hand rub formulations (ethanol 70–95% and 2-propanol 70–100%) had an efficient virucidal activity in less than 60 s by more and equal 4 log10 (≥ 99.99) approximately and could be used for disinfection in public health and health-care facilities. The findings indicated that SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 can survive under different environmental conditions between 4 and 72 h approximately. The results also demonstrate that temperature and relative humidity are important factors in the survival of SARS-CoV-2. The main strategies recommended by the WHO to avoid contracting SARS-CoV-2 are hand washing several times in the day and maintaining social distancing with others. It is important to note that the more studies require addressing, the more possible airborne transmission due to the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols for 3 h approximately. We hope that the results of the present SR can help researchers, health decision-makers, policy-makers, and people for understanding and taking the proper behavior to control and prevent further spread of SARS-CoV-2
The Attitude of Nurses Working in emergency wards in Educational Hospitals of ardabil University of Medical Sciences toward the Elderly
Get PDFIntroduction: Most older people suffer from chronic illnesses and disabilities and receive health care. Healthcare providers have different attitudes toward the elderly. such an attitude can impact providing effective services to them. This study investigated the attitudes of nurses working in educational hospitals ardabil University of Medical Sciences toward the elderly in 2019.
Methods:This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in ardabil educational hospitals on 164 nurses selected. The sampling method was performed by census. The research instrument used in this study was a demographic information questionnaire and Kogan attitude questionnaire for the elderly. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance in Spss software version 22.
Results:In this study, 138 nurses (84/15%) had positive attitudes toward the elderly. According to the findings, the highest percentage of positive attitude was in the age range of 31-40 and the lowest was in the age range of ≥41years. men were more likely to have a positive attitude toward the elderly than women and there was a correlation betweenmen and positive attitudes toward the elderly
Conclusion:The attitude of nurses working in the emergency department towards the elderly is positive. however, because of their high contacts with old people, this attitude score is not enough. the obtained results can be used as a basis for developing programs of attitude promotion towards the elderly in future studies
Degradation of basic violet 16 dye by electro-activated persulfate process from aqueous solutions and toxicity assessment using microorganisms: Determination of by-products, reaction kinetic and optimization using Box-Behnken design
No full textThis study was performed to determine the efficiency of the electro/persulfate process to remove basic violet 16 (BV16) dye and COD from aqueous solutions. The present study was experimentally performed on a laboratory scale. The effect of pH on the process was investigated independently, and after performing the experiments, the effect of voltage (volts), the dose of persulfate (g/L), initial concentration of BV16 dye, and electrolysis time was investigated with the model presented by Box Behnken design, and optimal conditions for BV16 dye removal was obtained. Under optimal conditions, COD removal efficiency and toxicity changes during the process were calculated, and the effect of distance between electrodes and surface of electrodes on process efficiency was investigated. By-products of oxidative degradation were determined with LS-MS. The amount of electrical energy consumed by the process was investigated by voltage changes and then the kinetics of the process was investigated by a pseudo-first-order model. The results showed that the electro/persulfate process in optimal conditions including pH of 5, a voltage of 11.43 V, persulfate dose of 0.09 g/L, initial BV16 concentration of 45 mg/L, and electrolysis time of 48.5 min could provide BV16 dye removal efficiency of 95% and COD removal efficiency of 57.14%. Findings of electrical energy consumption showed that with increasing voltage, the efficiency of the process increased, but the amount of energy consumption also increased. Under optimal conditions, increasing distance between the electrodes was led to a decrease in removal efficiency, but the removal efficiency increased with the increasing surface of the electrodes. Based on the kinetic results, the electro/persulfate process followed pseudofirst-order kinetics with R2 = 0.9956. The present study showed that the electro/persulfate process as a useful technique has high efficiency in removing BV16 dye and its toxicity from aqueous solutions and can be effective and
useful in removing the COD of solution