Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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The protective effect of cinnamon and ginger hydro‐alcoholic extract on carbon tetrachloride‐induced testicular damage in rats
Full text linkSexual dysfunction of men is one of the most serious problems in human society. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of cinnamon and ginger extract on testicular damages induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Thirty‐six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6): 1. Normal control; 2. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); 3. CCl4 + Cinnamon; 4. CCl4 + Ginger; 5. CCl4 + Cinnamon and Ginger; and 6. Cinnamon + Ginger. CCl4 (1 ml/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on the 14th day, and cinnamon (50 mg/kg, orally) and ginger (250 mg/kg, orally) were administered daily for 14 days. Fifty hours after the CCl4 injection, the testicles and epididymis were separated and examined as to histological alterations and oxidative stress markers. CCl4 significantly increased malondialdehyde level and decreased total antioxidant capacity when compared to the normal control group (p < .05). In addition, degenerative alterations in the testicular and epididymal tissue were observed in CCl4 group. The pre‐treatment with ginger and cinnamon extract significantly improved these parameters when compared to the CCl4 group (p < .05). The results of this study indicated that co‐treatment of ginger and cinnamon reduces the damages induced by CCl4 in testicular tissue by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid peroxidation
Preparation and physicochemical characterization of chitosan-coated Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) system for oral drug delivery of tacrolimus
Full text linkIntroduction
Tacrolimus is a potent immune system inhibitor used to prevent organ rejection after organ transplantation. Oral administration of tacrolimus is due to the fact that the oral method is used because of its convenience and better acceptance for patients who need this drug frequently. This procedure has a number of limitations, such as small and variable bioavailability, the effect of the first hepatic transit, the narrow treatment window, large changes in pharmacokinetic properties in the patient's body, and low solubility. One of the best ways to overcome these limitations is to use nanoparticles for tacrolimus drug delivery. Our aim in this study was to use solid lipid nanoparticles with chitosanic coating to improve the oral drug delivery of tacrolimus and to investigate its effects.
Methods
To determine the amount of tacrolimus using dilution, different concentrations of the drug were prepared and their absorption was measured by using uv-vis spectrophotometer at 245 nm. The ultraviolet absorption calibration diagram of the drug was prepared and then this graph was used to determine the amount of unknown samples. Solid lipid nanoparticles containing tacrolimus were then prepared using a solvent diffusion method. Finally, the uptake of the samples was measured using a uv-vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 245 nm. Then, SLNs were used to evaluate solid lipid nanoparticles, to calculate drug loading indices in nanoparticles, tacrolimus release pattern from SLNs, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer), to measure the size, shape, morphological characteristics of particles and SLNs thermal analysis.
Results
According to the present study, the nanoparticles were produced with an average size of 50-100 nm and were spherical in shape. The drug entrapment efficiency was 97.29% and the drug loading in SLNs was 13.33%. The results of electron microscopy confirm the spherical and nanoparticle nature of the carrier. Evaluation of nanoparticles obtained by FTIR and TGA analysis indicates no chemical interaction between the carrier used and the drug used. In addition, the coating structure of chitosan on the surface of SLN nanoparticles and the formation of amide bond between chitosan and stearic acid are confirmed by these analyzes. The drug release pattern was biphasic, and the coated SLNs with chitosan had a slower and more controlled release.
Conclusion
According to the results of this study, coated SLNs with chitosan had a slower and more controlled release. Based on the results of this study, solid lipid nanoparticles composed of stearic acid lipid are suitable carriers for tacrolimus
Protective effect of vitamin D3 and erythropoietin on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver and kidney damage in rats
No full textIntroduction: Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) contributes to the development of acute renal failure (ARF). Free radicals are considered to be principal components involved in the pathophysiological alterations observed during IR. In this study, we evaluated the effects of vitamin D and erythropoietin (EPO) in IR–induced renal and liver damage.
Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 6 each. 1) The control, 2) IR, 3) VD3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) + IR, 4) EPO+ IR, and 5) VD3+EPO+ IR groups. The rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 minutes of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Vitamin D (10 mg/kg, IP) and EPO (1000 U/kg, IP) were administered prior to ischemia. After 24 hours reperfusion, the blood samples were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters and kidney and liver samples were taken for histological studies.
Results: Renal ischemia significantly decreased kidney and liver functions. IR significantly increased blood urea nitrogen-creatinine (BUN-Cr), glucose, total protein and liver enzyme levels and significantly decreased hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values. Histopathological findings of the IR group confirmed that there were glomerular atrophy and acute tubular necrosis in the renal tissues and lymphocyte infiltration in the liver samples. Treatment with vitamin D and EPO boosted liver and kidney functions and improved the morphological changes.
Conclusion: It seems that vitamin D or EPO administration could protect the kidney and liver damage induced by IR. Also, the combination of vitamin D and EPO may exert more beneficial effects than either agent used alone
A Comparative Study of Oral Health Attitude and Behavior of Dental and Public Health Students in Ardabil, Iran Using the Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioral Inventory
Full text linkAim: This study aimed to evaluate the self-reported oral health attitude and behavior of undergraduate dental and public health students, in Ardabil city, Iran to analyze the differences based on the field of education, gender, and level of education. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 195 (119 dental and 76 public health) students using Hiroshima
University Dental-Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI). Demographic questions including gender, educational field, and level of education were added to the questionnaire. The frequency of responses to the questions in the questionnaire was separately analyzed, tabulated,
and reported. The effect of educational field and gender and level of education of students on their oral health attitude and behavior
was analyzed using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: There were some differences in oral health behavior between dental and public health students. Public health students showed more frequent use of hard toothbrush (P = 0.05) and hard strokes (P = 0.02). Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between female and male students (P > 0.05). No change in attitude occurred by an increase in the level of education (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: There were some differences in dental health attitude and behavior of dental and public health students
Frequency of Registered Medical Errors in a Hospital in Ardabil, Iran, Within 2017-18
Full text linkIntroduction:
Patient safety is one of the main goals in a health system trying to reduce patient problems during hospitalization. These problems can be due to unintentional errors made by clinical staff the recognition and management of which are very important. The present study aimed to investigate the registered medical errors in Alavi hospital in Ardabil, Iran, during 2017-2018.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, all the wards were studied in Alavi hospital, and the data were collected by the evaluation of reported errors made by clinical staff and completion of the registered medical error forms. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics.
Results:
During the study period, 1,050 registered errors were evaluated. Most errors (n=482; 45.9%) were detected in the women’s surgery ward. According to the number of errors made by nurses in the hospital in comparison to those reported for other clinical groups, the nurses with 464 cases (44%) had the highest frequency of medical errors, and the caring errors (29%) were the most frequently committed type of errors.
Conclusion:
Based on the obtained results of the current study, it was shown that caring errors were the most frequently committed errors, and the highest frequency of medical errors occurred in the women’s surgery ward. Therefore, providing educational training, emphasizing on doing hospital process, reducing the duration of work shifts, and increasing the number of personnel in hospitals, could be effective in decreasing errors and associated consequences
Which genotype of Helicobacter pylori—cagA or cagE—Is better associated with gastric Cancer risk? Lessons from an extremely high-risk area in Iran
No full textThe association of the H. pylori cagA- /cagE-positive genotypes with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in Ardabil—a
high-risk area in North-West Iran—was assessed. Genotyping was performed in DNA from fresh gastric biopsies
(N = 218). Occurrence of H. pylori infection was 85.32% (186/218). The total frequency of the cagA+vs. cagA−,
cagE+vs. cagE−, cagA+/cagE−vs. AGCs (all genotype combinations), cagA−/cagE+vs. AGCs, cagA−/cagE−vs.
AGCs, cagA+/cagE+vs. AGCs, cagA+/cagE−vs. cagA−/cagE+, and cagA+/cagE+vs. cagA−/cagE− genotypes was
102/186 (54.8%), 89/186 (47.8%), 38/186 (20.4%), 25/186 (13.4), 59/186 (31.7%), 64/186 (34.4%), 38/63
(38.63%), and 64/123 (52.0%), respectively. The cagE+vs. cagE− (59.6% (65/109) in GC vs. 31.2% (24/77) in
non-atrophic gastritis, NAG) and the cagA+/cagE+vs. cagA−/cagE− genotypes (66.7% (40/60) in GC vs. 38.1%
(24/63) in NAG) showed an increased association with the risk of GC in Ardabil (odds ratio [OR] = 3.262, 95%
confidence interval [CI]: 1.763–6.038, p = .0001 and OR = 3.250; 95% CI: 1.552–6.808, p = .002, respectively).
We propose that the H. pylori cagE+ but not cagA+ genotype significantly increased the risk of GC in this
extremely high-risk population. Therefore, it may play a significant role in determining H. pylori-related clinical
outcom
Investigating the mortality rate of patients admitted to the ICU based on studies, TRIOS and APACHE IV in the ICU of Alavi Hospital in Ardabil
Full text linkBackground and Objective: The most important indicator in assessing the health of hospital wards, especially intensive care units, is the hospital mortality rate. Improved therapeutic capacity and increased use of new technology over the past years have led to increased use of intensive care units. Accurate disease classification and accurate patient outcome prediction can help optimize the use of ICU beds by reducing unnecessary monitoring. Despite the development of many effective tools in the ICU in recent years, many hospitals and training centers in the country still use only GCS and vital markers to evaluate patients. The use of a validated index for evaluating hospitalized patients in ICUs seems necessary to adequately manage the limited services needed for patients in need..
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study and its statistical population included patients admitted to intensive care unit of Alavi hospital in Ardabil. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into 5 sections. Questionnaires included demographic characteristics, TRIOS, and APACHE IV tools. Based on the answers given to each questionnaire, a specific score was assigned to each section. The death rate will be considered as the patient's death rate during hospitalization and hospital stay. The basis for predicting patient mortality will be based on the score obtained from each of these instruments..
Results: In the present study, 53 patients admitted to ICU ward were studied. The mean age of the patients was 71.79 years, the youngest being 20 and the oldest being 97. Evaluations of the performance of the APACHE IV scoring system showed that this system is desirable in predicting mortality in ICUs in different age groups. Results of this study were statistically significant (P <0.05). According to the results of our study, the TRIOS scoring system was not sufficiently accurate in predicting mortality. (P <0.05). The accuracy of the SAPS II scoring system in predicting ICU mortality was not desirable in this study. (P <0.05). The LODS system did not have the desired accuracy and efficiency in predicting mortality in ICU patients (P <0.05)..
Conclusions.: We found that the APACHE IV, SAPS II, LODS and TRIOS scoring systems are the best and most efficient APACHE IV calibration system. The difference between the comparative study of these systems with each other using linear regression was statistically significant for the APACHE IV system (P <0.05)
Synthesis, docking and evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of novel morpholine capped β-lactam derivatives
No full textThis study reports the synthesis and biological investigation of three series of novel monocyclic
β-lactam derivatives bearing a morpholine ring substituent on the nitrogen. The resulting β-lactam
adducts were synthesized via Staudinger's [2+2]-ketene-imine cycloaddition reaction. New
synthesized products were fully characterized by spectral data and elemental analyses, and then
evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity toward human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and
cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cell line. The compounds 3e, 3h, 3k, 5c, 5f, 6c, 6d and 6f showed
higher activity with anti-inflammatory ratio values of 38, 62, 51, 72, 51, 35, 55 and 99,
respectively, in comparison to the reference compound dexamethasone having an antiinflammatory ratio value of 32. Hence, these compounds can be considered as potent iNOS
inhibitors. They also exhibited IC50 values of 0.48 + 0.04 mM, 0.51 + 0.01 mM, 0.22 + 0.02 mM,
2
0.12 + 0.00 mM, 0.25 + 0.05 mM, 0.82 + 0.07 mM, 0.44 + 0.04 mM and 0.60 + 0.04 mM,
respectively, in comparison with doxorubicin (IC50 < 0.01 mM) against HepG2 cells,
biocompatibility and nontoxic behavior. In silico prediction of drug-likeness characteristic
indicated that the compounds are compliant with the Lipinski and Veber rules. Molecular docking
experiments showed a good correlation between the experimental activity and the calculated
binding affinity to human inducible nitric oxide synthase, the enzymatic target for the antiinflammatory respons
Spatial distribution and contamination of heavy metals in surface water, groundwater and topsoil surrounding Moghan’s tannery site in Ardabil, Iran
No full textDischarge of heavy metals from industrial complexes especially tanneries has considerably increased the levels of heavy metals in water and soil worldwide. This work was aimed to determine the levels of heavy metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) contamination of surface water, groundwater and soils in the site surrounding Moghan’s tannery in Ardabil, Iran. Fifteen composite samples (totally 45) were collected from surface water, groundwater and soils surrounding the tannery site. In this study, the levels of metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the results were compared to the national and international standards. The results showed that 73% of water samples from wells and 80% of samples from surface water had levels above maximum permissible levels. The levels of metals in the remaining samples were within standard values. For soil samples, the mean levels of metals, except Pb, were lower than maximum permissible levels. Among these, Cd and Zn showed the lowest and highest level, respectively. The results showed that the mean levels of chromium in surface water, groundwater and soil surrounding Moghan’s tannery were high due to the pollution generated by the factory which necessitates the greater attention and implementation more pollution preventive procedures by environmental professionals and decision-makers