Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging and synaptic plasticity
No full textFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a type of particular MRI scan. It determines the hemodynamic response (change in blood flow) relayed to neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or animals. This effect has been extensively exploited in a several research settings sequentially to study regional activation related with several of cognitive processes, language, reward processing, decision making and fear as well as motor and sensory processing. Functional MRI can offer important insights into brain plasticity and reorganization after injury such as trauma or stroke.
Changes in neural performance with experience happen with development and learning. For instance, developmental experiment with nonhuman animals has indicated that sensory experience causes changes at the molecular and cellular levels and the cortical map level. Because fMRI can indirect determine the synaptic activity, only those changes in synaptic activity will be measurable via this technique.
In this review study we assess the brain plasticity using fMRI methods because neuroimaging of learning and development is one of the most important issues of cognitive neuroscience
Interactions between cancer stem cells, immune system and some environmental components: Friends or foes
No full textCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of tumor cells that are characterized by their tumor initiating capacity,low proliferation rate, self-renewal capacity, pluripotency and chemoresistance. The immune system, includinginnate and adaptive immune cells, plays pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic roles in cancer biology.Immunosurveillance often initially successfully eradicates tumor cells. However, following a phenomenon re-ferred to as immunoediting, cancer cells may ultimately evade immune destruction, thus enabling tumor pro-gression. Here, we review how CSCs both escape immune destruction and foster establishment of an im-munosuppressive tumor microenvironment through intricate interactions with and recruitment of a broad rangeof immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells(Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and T helper (Th) cells. Furtherelucidation of CSC-immune cell interactions and the underlying signaling mechanisms will open up novel op-portunities to improve cancer immunotherap
Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: Results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry
No full textBackground
We aimed to report, for the first time, the results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR) for the year 2014.
Methods
Total population of Iran in 2014 was 76,639,000. The INPCR covered 30 out of 31 provinces (98% of total population). It registered only cases diagnosed with malignant new primary tumors. The main sources for data collection included pathology center, hospitals as well as death registries. Quality assessment and analysis of data were performed by CanReg-5 software. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100,000) were reported at national and subnational levels.
Results
Overall, 112,131 new cancer cases were registered in INPCR in 2014, of which 60,469 (53.9%) were male. The diagnosis of cancer was made by microscopic confirmation in 76,568 cases (68.28%). The ASRs of all cancers were 177.44 and 141.18 in male and female, respectively. Cancers of the stomach (ASR = 21.24), prostate (18.41) and colorectum (16.57) were the most common cancers in men and the top three cancers in women were malignancies of breast (34.53), colorectum (11.86) and stomach (9.44). The ASR of cervix uteri cancer in women was 1.78. Our findings suggested high incidence of cancers of the esophagus, stomach and lung in North/ North West of Iran.
Conclusion
Our results showed that Iran is a medium-risk area for incidence of cancers. We found differences in the most common cancers in Iran comparing to those reported for the World. Our results also suggested geographical diversities in incidence rates of cancers in different subdivisions of Iran
Pharmacological Notch pathway inhibition leads to cell cycle arrest and stimulates ascl1 and neurogenin2 genes expression in dental pulp stem cells-derived neurospheres
No full textObjective: Human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) are becoming an attractive source for cell-based neurorestorative therapies. As such, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the differentiation of hDPSCs toward the neuronal fate. Notch signaling plays key roles in neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) maintenance and prevention of their differentiation. The aim of this study was to address the effects of Notch signaling inhibition on neurosphere formation of hDPSCs and neuronal differentiation of hDPSCs-neurospheres.
Results: hDPSCs were isolated from third molar teeth. The cultivated hDPSCs highly expressed CD90 and CD44 and minimally presented CD34 and CD45 surface markers. The osteo/adipogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was documented. hDPSCs were cultured in neural induction medium and N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-Sphenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) was applied to impede Notch signaling during transformation into spheres or on the formed neurospheres. Our results showed that the size and number of neurospheres decreased and the expression profile of nestin, sox1 and pax6 genes reduced provided DAPT. Treatment of the formed neurospheres with DAPT resulted in the cleaved Notch1 reduction, G0/G1 arrest and a decline in L-lactate production. DAPT significantly reduced hes1 and hey1 genes, while ascl1 and neurogenin2 expressions augmented. The number of MAP2 positive cells improved in the DAPT-treated group.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the Notch activity in hDPSCs- neurospheres. DAPT treatment positively regulated proneural genes expression and increased neuronal-like differentiation
fficiency of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in Ceftriaxone Removal from Aquatic Environments: Kinetic, Isotherm of Absorption and Thermodynamics Study.
Get PDFPreparation of some novel imidazopyridine derivatives of indole as anticancer agents: one‑pot multicomponent synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies
No full textA series of novel imidazopyridine derivatives of indole has been synthesized. All
the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against
A-549, T-47D, Hep-G2 and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated
that some of these derivatives exhibited moderate to excellent cytotoxic
activities. Compounds 7a having a cyclohexyl ring substituted to the second amine
of imidazopyridyl moiety and phenyl ring of the C-2 indole ring and 7f with a
para-methylphenyl ring at the same position exhibited the highest activity against
the A-594 cell line with IC50
of 11.48 μM and 10.66 μM, respectively. The results
indicate that compounds 7a and 7f are more cytotoxic towards cancer cell lines
compared with etoposide in vitro. In addition, compounds, 7d and 7j showed the
most potent activity against Hep-G2, equal to etoposide as the standard drug. Also,
most of the compounds were inactive against the T-47D and MCF-7 cell lines. The
morphological analysis by the acridine orange/ethidium bromide double-staining
test and flow cytometry analysis indicated that compounds 7a and 7f induced apoptosis
in A-549 cells. Furthermore, in silico and in vitro results of the synthesized
compounds showed good correlation with each other. Molecular docking results of
the compounds of the 7a–k series with the cyclohexyl ring substituted to the second
amine of the imidazopyridyl moiety compared with the 7l–t members with the
t-butyl group at the same position confirmed the effect of the higher lipophilicity on
hydrophobic interactions with the studied enzymes. Moreover, all the compounds showed higher affinity to tubulin than topoisomerase IIα enzyme
Evaluation Of Serum Levels Of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 And IL-6 in Exacerbation Phase Of COPD Patients
No full textBackground and objective: The serum fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4) level increases in chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to examine serum FABP-4 and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in patients with stable and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the correlation of these markers with airflow limitation.
Methods: We measured serum FABP-4 and IL-6 levels in 60 COPD patients (30 stable COPD (SCOPD), and 30 acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD)), and 30 healthy subjects and compared them with airflow limitation according to the COPD stage in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) criteria, peripheral O2 saturation (SpO2), and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score. We also tested the association between serum FABP-4 levels and clinical parameters.
Results: Both serum FABP-4 and IL-6 levels increased with increasing severity of airflow limitation in SCOPD and AECOPD groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Also, serum FABP-4 level increased in patients with AECOPD group compared with SCOPD group in GOLD stages I-II (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between serum FABP-4 level with IL-6, CAT score and smoking history and inversely with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and SpO2.
Conclusion: The study revealed that serum FABP-4 level was elevated with increasing severity of airflow limitation in COPD patients, markedly in acute exacerbation phase. The increase was associated with diminished quality of life and severity of hypoxia. Thus, inhibition of serum FABP-4 levels may be useful in managing the COPD patients.
Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, Interleukin-6, Airflow limitation
WHEN CARDIAC TAMPONADE BECOMES A RESULT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR APEX RUPTURE FOR CARDIAC STABBING IN A 28-YEAR-OLD MALE
Get PDFIntroduction: Cardiac trauma is considered as an emergency and due to its higher mortality rate its management is a challenge for trauma teams. It is often in the result of direct penetrating injury, vehicle accidents and sporadically during percutaneous cardiac intervention. However, even today, about 90% of the victims die before reaching the hospital. Mortality is higher in patients with cardiac tamponade.
Materials & Methods: Here we are describing a 28-year-old male with a stabbing in his subxiphoid region as long as 0.5 centimeter. He was conscious but lethargic with initial vital signs as blood pressure=100/70, heart rate=90, respiratory rate=24, and palpable peripheral pulses, no signs of decrease in respiratory sounds but relatively elevated jugular venous pressure. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma was suspicious to cardiac tamponade. For surveying other probable contemporaneous lesions of lungs, heart, and diaphragm a thoracic and upper abdominal CT scan was
performed. Then due to sudden changes in hemodynamic he was undergone pericardiocentesis twice that totally 50 cc blood was evacuated. Continuing resuscitation in the operating room immediately anterolateral thoracotomy was done which revealed an extensive cardiac tamponade compressing the heart severely. After pericardiotomy, the operation team encountered spurting blood from the site of through and through ruptured left ventricular apex that in no time was reconstructed by horizontal suturing with Prolene and using pericardial fat pledget.
Results: Controlling the bleeding source, a pericardial chest tube was performed then the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. After surgery he improved promptly.
Conclusion: Considering that, almost always patients with cardiac penetrating traumas refer to general trauma centers, it is necessary to general surgeons to know the basis of confronting with these vital surgeries in the absence of cardiopulmonary pump
Epidemiological study of acute poisoning in adolescents admitted to the intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil during 2011-2016
Get PDFBakground and objective: Poison is a substance which consumption of little amounts of it, may harm the victim and even lead the victim to death. The intoxication is devided to 3 types of acute, sub-acute and chronic. Acute poisoning occurs within hours after exposure to the poison. The Presentation depends on the poison which is consumed.
Methods: The current study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. 300 patients, admitted to the ICU with acute poisoning were enrolled in the study. Factors as age, gender, mortality, etc were gathered and been analyzed.
Results: 106 patients were poisoned by agricultural poisons. Aluminum phosphide was responsible for 75/5% of poisonings. 100 patients were intoxicated by different kinds of medications. Carbamazepine was responsible for 7 deaths of acute intoxications. Mean age of victims was 29.3±10.8 years. Opium poisoning was occurred in older ages than others. Unmarried, Under-educated, urban victims were more than others. Most patients were intoxicated because of suicide attempts. 61 patients died because of poisoning of which, Aluminum phosphide was responsible for 28 deaths.
Conclusions: Finally, Aluminum phosphide and opium were recognized as 2 considerable severe intoxication agents in Ardabil. Thereby, new methods of Aluminum phosphide intoxication, based on peritoneal dialysis may considerably decrease its mortality
Comparison of Recurrence and Complications of a new technique for hernioplasyt with mesh and lichtenstein technique in inguinal hernia repair
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Hernia is one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases during the course of surgery. Inguinal hernia surgery is one of the most commonly used surgical procedures in the world. According to available statistics, the rate of complications and adverse effects in this surgery has decreased today compared to the previous one, which is mainly related to the use of tension free methods and mesh. Of course, today, considering importance of the subject and the lack of a preferred method,this study, compare the recurrence and postoperative complications between the new technique in mesh concept in the Ingulanal canal with and the Liechtenstein technique for inguinal hernia repair .
Methods: 300 patients was studied by Liechtenstein technique and 300 patients underwent a new technique of insertion of mesh at the foam of the inguinal canal with apartial tissue repair on it. The data were collected through the contact numbers of patients and the information contained in the patient records and their recall if needed. The relapse rate was assessed independently.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.28 ± 15.84. The mean age of the new method group was 25.15 ± 35.31 and the Liechtenstein method was 48.39 ± 16.02. In the new method, 272 men and 28 women were present, and in Liechtenstein there were 268 men and 32 women. recurrence was in 10 cases of total members, with an average age of 49.08 ± 13.77. 28 patients had urinary retention after surgery, 9 of them in the new method and 19 in the Liechtenstein group .30/2% of patient after 3 week and 9/3% of them after 6 month have mild to moderate pain in surgical site.
Conclusion: In this study, the result was some equivalents and somewhat less complications in the proposed method than the Liechtenstein method as an acceptable method for inguinal hernia repair. Due to the convenience of doing work and its cost-free, it can be found in Consider these patients as a suitable treatment optio