Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Olea europaea on apoptosis-related genes and oxidative stress in a rat model of torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian damage
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the impact of Olea (O.) europaea extract on markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis of ovarian tissues in a rat model of torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian damage.
Methods: A total of 28 Wistar female rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups, with 7 rats in each group. The sham group received a 2.5 cm longitudinal incision in the midline part of the abdomen which was then sutured with 5-0 nylon thread; the torsion/detorsion group underwent torsion induction for 3 h followed by reperfusion for 10 days; the torsion/detorsion+O. europaea group received 300 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of O. europaea 30 min before detorsion, followed by reperfusion for 10 days; and the O. europaea group only received 300 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of O. europaea for 10 days. After the treatment period, blood samples were taken; the levels of estrogen, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were assayed. The histological changes, as well as the rate of apoptosis in ovarian tissues, were also carried out by histomorphometric analysis at day 10 post-procedure.
Results: Histological comparisons demonstrated a significant detrimental change in the torsion/ detorsion group as compared with other groups. The number of pre-antral and antral follicles and corpus luteum was significantly decreased in the torsion/detorsion group compared with the sham group, while treatment with O. europaea could enhance their numbers (P<0.05). The index of apoptosis and the number of atretic body in the ovarian tissue were significantly higher in the torsion/detorsion group compared with the sham group (P<0.05). The concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, estrogen, and superoxide dismutase as well as the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 were considerably diminished in the torsion/detorsion group while they were elevated in the torsion/detorsion+O. europaea group (P<0.05) compared with the torsion/detorsion group. The serum malondialdehyde level and the mRNA expression of Bax were markedly increased during ischemia, while treatment with O. europaea significantly diminished the increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and Bax level in the torsion/detorsion+O. europaea group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: O. europaea extract can reduce the degree of tissue damage induced by oxidative stress and apoptosis in the ovary following ovarian ischemia/reperfusion
Comparison of Health Status of Medical Equipment Levels and Pseudo-Homogeneous Environmental Levels in One of Ardebil Hospitals by Observation Method (ICNA) and Microbial (ACC) During Autumn 2017
Get PDFBackground and objectives: The transmission of infection from the equipment and the environment to patients is widely carried out through contact. The aim of this study was to determine the health status of medical equipment and pseudo-homogeneous environmental levels in hospitals in Ardebil, in observational and microbiological hospitals in year 1396.
Methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, 17 levels of hospitalization in Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) were evaluated in a two month observational stage (by completing the checklist) and microbial. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software and by comparing it with British standards.
Results: This study showed that the rate of contamination in different parts of the hospital was microbial 75.75% and 29.15%, respectively. According to statistical analyzes in the microbial method, the most infected ventilators were among the most polluted medical equipment and among the peripheral levels of the most infectious patient ward. At the observation station, among the medical equipment levels, the cliché was the most contaminated case, and among the pseudo-environmental environmental levels, the most infected fridge was determined. The most contaminated part in terms of cardiothoracic microbial monitoring was determined in terms of male in-patient observation.
Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested that by systematically planning and applying appropriate and preventive methods, implementing disinfection programs, developing guidelines for cleaning and disinfection, training and continuous monitoring of the standard methods of contamination will be minimized
Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of breast cancer; a study in North-West of Iran
Get PDFIntroduction:Delayed diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer leads to the presentation of the disease in advanced stages necessitating more invasive surgical interventions, increasing health care costs and mortality rate, and finally reduced patients’ survival. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in the north-west of Iran.Patients and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 breast cancer patients referred to the cancer registry of Ardabil city, north-west of Iran. The time from the presentation of clinical symptoms to the initiation of treatment was determined by interviews to identify the system and patients’ delays. The data was analyzed in SPSS 19 with the level of significance as P < 0.05.Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.3 ± 13.2 years. The means of total, patient, and system related delays were 9.4±1.6 weeks, 6.3 ± 9.9 weeks, and 3.1 ± 2.8 weeks respectively. Regression analysis showed that age, marital status, educational level, monthly income, fear of cancer, and residency were significantly associated with patients’ delay.Conclusion: Our results highlighted the important role of patients’ related factors in delayed diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, it is essential to educate individuals for timely referrals to physicians
Analysis of Prevalence of Complete Isthmus and Extra Root Canals in Mandibular Permanent Teeths by Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Ardabil City in 2019
No full textBackground: Shade matching is one of the main factors in satisfying patients in dentistry. Since the most common method of shade matching in dentistry is visual observation and color vision defect can influence shade matching ability of dentists, the current study aimed to determine the Prevalence of Color Vision Defect and its Related Factors among Dental Students in Ardebil Dental School in 2016.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive-analytic observational study, 158 dental students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were evaluated in terms of color vision defect by using Ishihara Test.
Results: Of the participants, 90 (57%) were male and 68 (43%) were females. Color vision defect were seen in 7 patients (4.4%) that all of them were males and there was no color vision defect among female students (7.8% versus 0% and P=0.020). Risk of color vision defect among males was 11.4 times that of female (95% confidence interval: 0.665 to 195.5). There was a significant correlation between color vision defect and its family history so that the frequency of familial history of color vision defect among patients was significantly higher (28.6% vs. 2% and P=0.016). The risk of color vision defect in individuals with a family history of this defect was 12.2 times that of individuals without familial history (95% confidence interval: 3.1 to 48.5). There was no statistically significant association between color vision defects and refractive errors (myopia, Hyperopia, and astigmatism).
Conclusion: Our findings showed that the frequency of color vision defect among students of Ardabil dental school is similar to other studies in the country and its frequency is significantly higher among males and is almost uncommonly prevalent among females. It is suggested that in order to achieve appropriate shade matching, dentists with color vision defects use assistive techniques such as team approaches, counseling with assistants, or using auxiliary tools such as VITA Easyshade
Assessment of the effect of training on the nurses' performance in endotracheal suctioning in patients of intensive care units of Imam Khomeini therapeutic- training center of Ardabil
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Principled, safe and standard endotracheal suctioning (ETS) performed by nurses can reduce complications, duration of hospitalization and mortality in critically-ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The present study was conducted to determine the effect of training on nurses’ performance in terms of the ETS of patients in the ICUs of Imam Khomeini Medical Educational Center in the city of Ardabil, Iran based on clinical indicators.
Materials and Methods: The present single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 47 nurses working in the ICUs of Imam Khomeini Medical Educational Center in Ardabil in 2018-19. The participants were selected using the census method, and randomly assigned into an intervention group and a control group. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and a standard performance checklist for nurses in the field of endotracheal and tracheostomy suctioning. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS-22 using statistical tests.
Results: The mean score of the nurses’ performance in terms of ETS was 12.04±3.08 in the intervention group and 12.29±2.38 in the controls (P=0.75) before the training, and 15.13±2.78 in the intervention group and 12.16±2.82 in the control group (P<0.001) one month after the training. Comparing the post-intervention mean score of performance in ETS with the pre-intervention mean score in the two groups using the Wilcoxon test suggested significant differences in the intervention group (P<0.001). The presence or absence of clinical indication of patients before suctioning and the relationship between demographic characteristics and whit the level of performance of the research samples were analyzed by using Chi-square and Fisher exact chi-square, respectively, which was not statistically significant before and after the intervention.
Conclusion: The results obtained showed that teaching ETS standards improves the performance of nurses in the ICU. The health system planners and policymakers are therefore recommended to take measures to include these standards in the training of nurse
Factors affecting the use of helmets among motorcyclists in Ardabil city 2019
Get PDFBackground and Aim: According to WHO reports, Iran has been recognized as one of the countries with the highest cases of traffic accidents and mortalities (75 deaths per 100,000 vehicles). Since 51% of accidents in Iran related to Motorcyclists using helmets can reduce the rate of death and head injury in motorcycle accidents. Hence, this study was to determine the factors affecting the use of helmets among motorcyclists in Ardabil, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study data were collected by a questioner from 350 motorcycle riders chosen through random cluster sampling in the Ardabil . Descriptive and analytical analysis (the Chi-Square and Regression logistic tests) were done in SPSS20. Results: 44 people (12.6%) used helmets (were in action and maintenance stage) 249 people (71.2%) were in passive (pre-contemplation and contemplation) stage. There was a significant relation between age and SOC (p= 0.008), marital status and SOC (p= 0.04). Ordinal regression revealed that pros (β= 0.097), (p=0.001) and behavioral process of change (β= 0.041), (p=0.001) were the strongest predictors of helmet use. As well negative Affect situation (β= 0.096), (p=0.019) was the strongest predictor in increasing temptation and decreasing self-efficacy to wearing a helmet. Conclusion: According to the result of this study, the percentage of the population using the motorcycle helmet was low. Considering a significant percentage of the study population were in the Preparation stage to wear a helmet,It is necessary to focus on both police enforcement and Increasing behavioral process of change score such as stimulus control, counter conditioning and social libration for the improvement of their behaviors for accepting social norms also giving further safety education.
Key words: Helmet, Motorcyclist, Ardabi
Survey on conflict levels and its management strategies among critical care unit’s nurses in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences and Taamine Ejtemaee Hospitals, 2018.
No full textBackground and Aim: Nurses in ICUs suffer from job conflicts due to the complexity of the work environment and the severity of their illness. If these conflicts are not identified and managed, they can be a source of problems, violence in the workplace, and reduced motivation, dissatisfaction, and inability to take care of nurses and thus harm patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of conflict and conflict management strategies among nurses of intensive care units of Ardabil Hospitals.
Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. The study population consisted of nurses in intensive care units of Ardabil educational and social security hospitals. Of these, 240 were selected who met the inclusion criteria. The data collection tools were demographic data form and Dubrin conflict level and Robins conflict management strategies questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using descriptive (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, chi-square and ANOVA).
Results: According to the results, most nurses (84.2%) experienced moderate levels of job conflict. Nurses were using management styles of avoiding conflict (44.92±11.52), resolving conflict (38.27±11.72) and controlling conflict (30.44±8.53) respectively. There was a significant relationship between nurses' job conflict with hospital (P=0.01) and their workplace (P=0.025). There was a significant relationship between nurses' conflict management strategies with their age, gender, employment status and place of work(P<0.05).
Conclusion: Most nurses experienced moderate levels of conflict and they used the non-confrontation strategy to resolve conflicts. Therefore, nursing managers can enhance the motivation of nurses and thus improve patients' recovery and reduce medical costs by applying appropriate conflict management strategie
investigation the effect of some Scutellaria spieces total extracts on nitric oxide production in PC12 cells
No full textEvaluation of Health-Care Providers' Perception of Spiritual Care and the Obstacles to Its Implementation
Get PDFObjective: Cancer patients face many health challenges, including spiritual issues. Therefore, an awareness of health-care providers' perspective on spiritual care provision is important. This study aimed to determine health-care providers' perception of spiritual care and to examine the individual barriers to its implementation in cancer patients. Methods: The present descriptive study included 136 physicians and nurses. The Spiritual Care Survey was used as a research tool. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.0. Results: In this study, 70.6% of the participants considered spiritual care to be influential in the patients' quality of life. However, 64.7% had received no spiritual care training, while 82.4% indicated a willingness to attend these courses. Regarding the obstacles to providing spiritual care, the highest and lowest scores, respectively, belonged to the lack of time and the person's reluctance to talk about spiritual issues. Conclusions: Spiritual care has not yet found its proper place in the care setting of Iran, and health-care team members do not have sufficient training to provide this kind of care despite their belief in its positive impact on patients' quality of life
microRNAs in cancer stem cells: Biology, pathways, and therapeutic opportunities
No full textAbstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that have been identified in most types of cancer. Features that distinguish them from the bulk of tumor cells include their pluripotency, self‐renewal capacity, low proliferation rate, and tumor‐initiating ability. CSCs are highly malignant, as they confer drug resistance and facilitate tumor progression, relapse, and metastasis. The molecular mechanisms underlying CSC biology are now beginning to be understood. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) occupy a prominent place. These endogenous, small noncoding RNA molecules control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. This study reviews our current understanding of how the misexpression of tumor suppressor and oncogenic miRNAs in CSCs sustain their abundance and malignant properties. We discuss how they partly do so by acting on major CSC signaling pathways, including the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and BMI‐1 pathways. Our current knowledge of miRNA functions in CSCs may now be used for cancer diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In addition, when combined with recent technical advances in the in vivo delivery of miRNAs, we are now in an excellent position to develop strategies that harness miRNA interference and replacement technologies for the therapeutic targeting of CSC