Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Evaluation of pentacam indices in patients candidates for PRK surgery at Noor surgical center during 5 years (2013-2017)
No full textIntroduction
In the last two decades, Refractive eye surgeries have been reported as the most non-emergency ophthalmic surgeries. Due to the effect of reduced refractive errors and increased visual acuity in enhancing the quality of vision and indirectly increasing the quality of life of patients, also complications of these surgeries to obtain optimal results, very accurate pre-surgical screening is one of the key factors in the refractive errors surgical success. Therefore, accurate measurements of anterior and posterior corneal parameters should be considered to obtain comprehensive information about cornea.
Aims
The aim of this study is determining Pentacam indices in the patients undergone PRK in the Noor surgical center of Ardabil during the recent 5 years (2013-2017) and their correlation with the refractive errors type.
Materials & Methods
This descriptive cross-sectional study has been performed on 2215 eyes of 1125 patients undergoing PRK surgery. Having prepared the patient's checklist including demographic information, refractive index, keratometry, pachymetry, corneal surface zone indices, and progressive corneal thickness indices, the data collected were analyzed by statistical analysis program IBM SPSS 25, descriptive statistics, and statistical methods such as T test, one way ANOVA and Pearson.
Results
The mean age of the subjects was 28.48 ± 6.82 years including 378 (33.6%) males and 747 (66.4%) females. The mean Spherical Equivalent among the samples was -3.91± 2.5. Myopia with the rate of 85.73% was the most common refractive error.
The findings showed that WTR type astigmatism was the most prevalent in refractive astigmatism, both in ACA and PCA and there is a significant correlation between refractive astigmatism with ACA and ACA with PCA.
The mean Kmax front was 44.844 ± 1.58 D, which was significantly correlated with refractive errors. According to the findings, corneal thickness had no relation to refractive errors. Also, there was a significant relationship between anterior chamber indices and types of refractive errors and their severity. There was also a significant correlation between the keratoconus indices include ISV, IVA, IHA and Rmin with refractive errors. Another result of this study was the calculation of the ORA mean by the Alpine formula as -0.750 ± 0.653D.
conclusion
The findings of the present study in patients undergoing PRK surgery showed that Pentacam indices can be related to the types and severity of refractive errors, so their evaluation is important in this aspect
Study the common and important signs, symptoms, and illnesses in teaching general practitioners from the viewpoint of general practitioners in the city of Ardabil
Get PDFBackground and objective : Responding to the needs of society is an essential feature in medical education. Social accountability of the curriculum is the orientation of all medical education activities towards the training of physicians who are able to meet the health needs of the target community. However, in recent years there have been concerns that physicians are not ready to meet the expectations of the public and reports indicate that GPs are not prepared in their early years in areas such as clinical skills, skills Communication, clinical pharmacology and medical ethics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the symptoms and signs and diseases of important and common diseases in general practitioners' education from the viewpoint of general practitioners in Ardabil.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences during the years 1397-98. In this study, 200 general practitioners were randomly selected. Diseases and symptoms questionnaires were assessed according to the number of patients and the need for symptom or disease education according to the experiences of physicians.
Results: In this study, 200 physicians were studied, of which 56.5% were male. The mean age of participants was 34.30 ± 5.05 years. And 55% of people had less than 5 years of work experience. The most common in the group were gastrointestinal, surgical, gynecological, and uronephrology-related diseases. Most needed education in pediatric diseases, neurology, gastrointestinal and surgery
Conclusion: The results of this study can provide decision makers in the field of medical school education with a view to creating the most appropriate clinical learning situations with the most encountered diseases. It depends on knowing the philosophy of cognition and the type of educational interventio
Protective Effect of Gallic Acid on Testicular Tissue, Sperm Parameters, and DNA Fragmentation against Toxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Adult NMRI Mice
Get PDFPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Gallic acid (GA) on the cyclophosphamide (CP)
toxicity induced in the reproductive system.
Materials and Methods: After a pilot study for dose responses of gallic acid, forty adult male NMRI mice were
divided into 5 groups (n=8): control, sham (NaCl Serum: 0.2mL per day), CP (15 mg kg1- per week; IP), GA (12.5
mg kg1- per day ; IP) and GA (12.5 mg kg1- per day ; IP) +CP(15 mg kg1- per week; IP). After treatment, the
left testis was detached and used for histological examination and right testis used for malondialdehyde (MDA)
measures. Left caudal epididymis was placed in the Ham’s F10 medium and released spermatozoa were used in
order to analyze sperm parameters. Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion
(SCD) method.
Results: In the CP group, there was a significant increase in the sperm DNA fragmentation (% 23.91 ± 57.89)
compared with control group (% 10.27 ± 24.52). That was significantly improved by GA (12.5 mg kg1- per day ;
IP) in GA+CP group (% 8.85 ± 28.4) compared to CP group (p< .001).
A significant increase was reported about MDA levels in CP group (2.59 ± 6.26) in compared with the control
group (2.05 ± 4.30), But GA (1.33 ± 3.24) decreased it in GA+ CP group (p< .01). The
histopathological investigation revealed marked testicular atrophy in CP group, whereas GA diminished these
deviations (P< .05).
Conclusion: Gallic acid can modify the reproductive toxicity of cyclophosphamide in NMRI mice and increase
the antioxidant capacity of testis tissue
Removal of Reactive Blue 52 by Electrocoagulation and UV/Persulfate from Aqueous Solutions
Get PDFBackground: Discharge colored wastewaters without treatment is the main source of aquatic pollution, which will cause considerable impacts to the environment.
Objectives: The main objective of this study was the investigation of electrocoagulation merged with advanced oxidation UV/persulfate) as a novel treatment method in reactive blue 52 removal from aquatic environments.
Methods: This work was an experimental study that was done in a glass beaker coupled with two electrodes made of iron, which had an effective total surface area of 60 cm2 as an electrocoagulation reactor and other cylindrical reactor equipped with 2 UV-C lamps (6 W) as an advanced reactor for reactive blue 52 removal. The parameters affecting the electrocoagulation process such as pH, current density, initial concentration of reactive blue 52, and reaction time was studied. Then, waste obtained from the previous stage exposed to the persulfate process and effect of operating parameters such as pH; sodium persulfate dosage was investigated.
Results: Obtained results illustrate that reactive blue 52 was removed with 82.4% efficiency in the below optimal condition: pH = 7, density of current = 10 mA/cm2, and time of reaction = 30 min, respectively. In the hybrid process of electrocoagulation and UV/persulfate (pH = 7 and Na2S2O8 = 15 mM/L), the process efficiency in removal of dye was achieved at about 98.86%.
Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, combination of two mentioned processes is an efficient and effective method for reactive blue 52 removal from aqueous environments
Retrospective Epidemiological Study of Malaria from 1999 to 2016 in Khash, Iran: A Region on the Verge of Malaria Elimination
Get PDFBackground:Malaria infection is still one of the most important public health concerns globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospective epidemiological study of malaria in Khash City, Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran from 1999 to 2016.
Methods:This was a retrospective study, which collected official data of 26-year trend of malaria in Khash, Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran.
Results:The data showed that over 26 years, 5015 cases of malaria were identified in Khash; the highest number of cases was reported in 1995 with 846 patients and the lowest number was in 2016 with one patient. A total of 419 patients were Iranian (52.2%) and 383 patients (47.8%) were non-Iranian including: Afghans (323 patients, 40.3%) and Pakistanis (60 patients, 7.5%). During 17 years, 279200 blood slides for malaria were prepared in Khash of which 5014 slides were found to be positive. The highest and lowest ABER were in 2003-2004 (63.69) and 2016-2017 (0.30), respectively. Plasmodium vivax was identified as the main and dominant causative agent of disease in all infected patients.
Conclusions: The results revealed a significant decline in malaria incidence rate in Khash. However, based on Iran’s vast borders with malaria endemic countries (Afghanistan and Pakistan) and illegal immigrants coming from these nations to country, the risk of malaria outbreaks must be considered seriously and the control and/or screening programs should be conducted constantly until the complete elimination of the infection
The Role of Quality of Work Life and Organizational Commitment on Teachers' Job Burnout
Get PDFهدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه كيفيت زندگي كاري و تعهد سازماني با فرسودگي شغلي معلمان مقطع متوسطه شهرستان بروجن بود. اين پژوهش در چهارچوب پژوهش هاي توصيفی قرار دارد و از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش شامل کلیه معلمان مقطع متوسطه شهرستان بروجن بود که داری 5 سال سابقه خدمت به بالا بودند که تعداد 150 نفر می¬باشند که از میان آنها به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه¬ای و بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 108 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. از پرسشنامه¬های کیفیت زندگی کاری والتون، پرسشنامه تعهد سازمانی مادي استيريز و پورتر و پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی ماسلش و جکسون جهت گردآوري اطلاعات استفاده شد. به منظور توصیف دادههای این پژوهش از شاخصهای آمار توصیفی (مانند ميانگين و واريانس) و نیز از شاخصهای آمار استنباطي مانند ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون استفاده شد. دادهها به کمک نرمافزار spss تحلیل شد. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین كيفيت زندگي كاري با فرسودگي شغلي معلمان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد، بین تعهد سازماني با فرسودگي شغلي معلمان نیز رابطه معناداری برقرار است. همچنین بین كيفيت زندگي كاري با تعهد سازماني معلمان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. از طرفی نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که كيفيت زندگي كاري و تعهد سازماني مي توانند فرسودگي شغلي معلمان را پيش بيني كنند
The efficacy of topical sesame oil in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized double-blinded active-controlled non-inferiority clinical trial
No full textObjective: Sesame oil is an herbal product that has been used to treat the joints pain in several traditional medicines. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of topical sesame oil versus diclofenac gel in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: One hundred and four patients were randomly enrolled in two arms of the trial. Patients were treated by topical sesame oil or diclofenac (three times a day) for 4 weeks. Outcome measures were knee pain via visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, knee joint’s flexion angle, 8-meter walk test and number of used analgesics. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 2 and then 4 weeks after the intervention. Results: At the follow-up visits, sesame oil was not inferior to diclofenac regarding scores of WOMAC pain, 8meter walk test, and knee flexion angle. Although, its non-inferiority was not proved regarding scores of VAS, WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC total at the 4th week. Moreover, sesame oil was not inferior to diclofenac regarding consumed analgesics. Conclusion: It seems that the topical sesame oil was non-inferior to diclofenac gel on the reduction of the knee OA pain and improvement of some indicators of its function
Observance of Nursing Professional Ethics from the Viewpoints of Nurses and Patients in Ardabil Hospitals
No full textBackground and Aim: Nurses as the key members of the healthcare team are at the forefront of providing health services and their performance largely determines the quality of health care. As nursing practice is a moral and ethical issue in itself, nurses are responsible and committed to adhering to the professional ethics of nursing.So The aim of this study was to determine the compliance Rate of nursing professional ethics from the viewpoints of nurses and patients in Ardabil hospitals in 2018.
Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical study which was performed with the participation of 122 nurses working in probable sampling by stratified sampling and 374 hospitalized patients in different hospitals of Ardabil city using non probability sampling by quota method. . Data gathering tool was nursing professional ethics questionnaire from the point of view of nurses Esmail Pourzanjani et al. Questionnaires and colleagues 'questionnaires were used to assess patients' views. The validity and reliability of both questionnaires were confirmed in previous studies. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency) and inferential statistics (T-Test and Chi-square test) were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that 72.7% of the patients evaluated nurses' performance in accordance with good nursing ethics and 2.7% as poor. The majority of nurses (98.4%) rated their performance as good. Results showed that there was a significant difference between nurses 'and patients' viewpoints regarding adherence to professional ethics (P≤0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that nurses view of professional ethics is more than patients. Therefore, in future studies, there is a need to examine the causes of this difference and identify the relevant causes, and organization managers should make effective planning to address the shortcomings and reduce the disparity between the two perspectives
Emerging Theranostic Silver Nanomaterials to Combat Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
No full textLung cancer remains the leading cause of one-quarter of all cancer deaths and it’s a major public health problem worldwide. Nanotechnology offers a novel strategy to combat lung cancer. Recently, biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted significant attention for their anticancer effects against lung cancer. Thereby, the current study was aimed to systematically review the efficacy of these nanoparticles (NPs) against lung cancer through in vitro models. The articles were collected through online databases comprising Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Embase. Among all studies, the plant-mediated synthesis of AgNPs was the general approach. Besides, A549 lung cancer cell line was the predominant cell line that was applied for cytotoxicity assessment among all studies. Most of the AgNPs were synthesized with spherical morphology less than 100 nm. Interestingly, in almost all of the studies, AgNPs exhibited the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against lung cancer cells. We provided preliminary evidence indicating the significant anticancer activity of biogenic AgNPs. We also discussed the proposed anticancer mechanisms. However, further studies are required to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of biogenic AgNPs through in vivo models