Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Molecular characterization of quinolone resistant Shigella spp. isolates from patients in Ardabil, Iran
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Shigella is an etiological agent of shigellosis. Antibiotic therapy has a critical role in decreasing serious complications of shigellosis. The present study aimed to determine the multi-drug resistance strains and to detect
fluoroquinolone related mutations.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross sectional study, a total of 113 Shigella isolates were collected from 1280
patients admitted to Bu-Ali hospital in Ardabil province during 2015-17. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates was evaluated using Kirby Bauer method and finally, the MICs of ciprofloxacin were determined. In order to determine any mutations
in QRDR region, parC and gyrA genes of resistant strains were amplified and sequenced.
Results: Shigella spp. isolates were identified using ipaH amplification and rfc and wbgz genes were used for molecular
detection of S. flexneri and S. soneii, respectively. Our results showed that the predominant species in Ardabil province was
S. sonnei (69.91%). Most of isolates (82%) were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX); 51% were nalidixic acid resistant and 4.4% were floroquinolones resistant. All examined isolates were susceptible to imipenem (100%).
Mutation in gyrA and parC genes were detected in all fluoroquinolone resistant isolates (5 isolates). Although, in this study
the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin was low, but in the lack of preventive strategy it will be a major challenge of public
health in future.
Conclusion: This study provided information on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella isolates
in Ardabil province, Iran. Also this study showed a high-level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics among Shigella
isolates
Nurss-Nurse Professional Collaboration Status from the Nurses' Viewpoints in Critical Care Units of Ardabil Educational Hospitals, 2017
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Collaboration and teamwork are essential elements of nursing. Increased collaboration among nurses is critical to maintaining an effective and safe treatment environment. Therefore, checking the status of nurse-nurse collaboration is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of nurse-nurse professional collaboration from the viewpoint of nurses in critical care units of Ardabil educational hospitals in 2017.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The statistical population consisted of all nurses working in intensive care units of Ardabil educational centers (216 persons). Of them, 171 were selected as sample by the total sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic form and a 35-item nurse-nurse collaboration scale includes subscales of conflict management, Communication, Shared processes, coordination and professionalism. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson test) using SPSS 20 software.
Results: Mean and standard deviation of scores of nurses’ collaboration was 95.36±6.93. Also, the mean scores of dimentions of collaboration including Shared processes were 21.5±2.93, Communication 20.00±1.65, coordination 14.45±2.12, professionalism 21.78±3.04 and conflict management 17.63±1.45. There was a statictically significant relationship between nursing work experience (r=0.194, P=0.011), work experience in intensive care units (r=0.165, P=0.031),age (r=0.284, P<0.001), workplace hospital (F=2.83, P=0.026), workplace department (F=5.044, P=0.001) and shift work (P=0.024) with nurses’ collaboration.
Conclusions: The results showed the desirable status of nurse-nurse professional collaboration from the point of view of nurses in intensive care units in Ardabil educational hospitals. Holding workshops on how to improve communication, teamwork, student support, organizational support, and improving the quality of nursing workplaces can be an effective step in increasing nurse-nurse collaboration
Musculoskeletal Disorders among Healthcare Network Staff using Rapid Office Strain Assessment (2019)
Get PDFAim: Work related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common complaints among staff doing static or repetitious tasks using the upper limbs and individuals who work with computer for hours. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs among computer users in the office department of Healthcare Network of Iran.
Method and Instruments: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 105 computer users in the Healthcare Network who were selected through census sampling method in 2018. The data collecting tools included the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires (CMDQ) and the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) checklist. To investigate the relationship between demographic variables and the final ROSA score, Analysis of Variance ANOVA and T-test were used.
Findings: Totally, 105 computer users with mean age of 38.7 ± 7.1 years and mean work experience 7.4 ± 14.7 years were assessed. Discomfort and musculoskeletal pain in the neck and hip were more common than the other parts. The results of the ROSA method showed that the final mean ROSA score was 5.38 ± 1.07. About 37.1% of the cases need just notification and 62.9% of them need ergonomic intervention. Moreover, gender and work experience had a significant effect on the final ROSA score (P<0.001).
Conclusion: A high prevalence of MSDs was observed in the neck and hip regions of computer users. Given the ROSA score, which was at notification area, a series of ergonomic and managerial measures are needed to improve the conditions of the workstations and reduce the prevalence of MSDs
Preparation and characterization of sustained release scaffold containing tetracycline in periodontal infections
Get PDFIntroduction
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the integrity of the supporting tissues of the tooth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, which are generally known as the periodontium. The local delivery of antibiotics offers the potential for reaching and maintaining the therapeutic concentration at the site of the infection; since in this method drug is directly applied to the site, the concentration of the drug can be significantly higher than the systemic ones. Several degradable and non- degradable devices were developed for the delivery of antimicrobial agents into the periodontal pocket. In recent years, functional biomaterial research has been directed towards the development of improved scaffolds and novel drug delivery systems. The aim of this study was to develop a local delivery device, Sodium Alginate/CMCNa/ Adipic acid dihydrazide (NaAlg/CMCNa/ADH) scaffold, which allows the sustained release of tetracycline to effectively control local infection in periodontitis.
Methods
In the present work, NaAlg/CMCNa/ADH scaffold was synthesized by freeze-drying 2.5% polymer solution. Adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) was added as crosslinker and N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and and 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) were added as Carboxyl group activator. Then dialysis was performed for 3 days against distilled water. In order to drying, the gel was poured into plates and lyophilized at -45 ° C for 24 hours. Then Samples were immersed in tetracycline solution vials for 48 hours in dark condition. The scaffolds were then dried by freeze-drying method for 24 hours. Finally, the scaffolds were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, 1H NMR, Swelling test, and TG/DTA. The amount of tetracycline released from the scaffolds was analyzed by UV spectrophotometry in PBS solution. Triplicate experiments were performed for each sample and expressed as means± standard deviation.
Results
The synthesized scaffolds had porous structure according to SEM images and in the scaffolds containing tetracycline the porous macrostructure was intact. In the FTIR spectra of NaAlg/CMCNa/ADH scaffold, the shoulder was seen at 1645 cm-1 Which indicates the formation of amide bond. The average water uptake of scaffolds was 93.216% ± 4.419. Scaffolds loaded by tetracycline showed sustained release pattern and were able to release 70% of drug up to 96 hours.
Conclusion
The NaAlg/CMCNa/ADH scaffolds could be beneficial in the management of periodontal infections and were suitable as a slow‐release device for tetracycline
Investigation of The Effects of Hydroalcholic Extract of Figwort (Scrophularia Striata) on Ovarian Parameters of Diazinon Exposure Female Rats
Get PDFBackground and Objective: The vast majority of the native plants of Iran have medicinal properties such as antioxidants properties, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor. It is been several years that Scrophularia Striata is considered as a traditional plant in different medical treatments. However, comprehensive studies on its effects on reproduction is still lacking in the literature. The present study is aimed at, investigating the possible protective effects of the Scrophularia Striata against hormonal and ovarian changes in comparison to the proven effects of the vitamin E on Diazinon exposed female Rats.
Methods : After reverse light/dark cycle adaptation (12 hours) of 42 two months aged mature Wistar female Rats, on average weight of 180-200g, they are divided into six random groups. The control group did not exposed on any drug. For the second group, Dimethyl sulfoxide solvent (0.1%) is injected. For the third group Diazinon (30 mg/kg/day), fourth group Scrophularia Striata (200 mg/kg/day), fifth group Diazinone (30 mg/kg/day) with Scrophularia Striata (200 mg/kg/day), and sixth group Diazinone (30 mg/kg/day) with vitamin E (200 mg/kg/day) are intraperitoneally injected. The period of injections for all the groups were 14 days according to the Estrous cycle of the female Rat.
Results: The injection of the DZN to the female Rats during 14 days caused weight reduction in comparison to the control group, although, it was not statistically significant. Whereas, both of the figwort and vitamin E lead to weight gain which is significant only in vitamin E group. In addition, DZN causes cellular degeneration by increasing free radicals and oxidative stress resulting the reduction of the ovarian tissue weight, increase of Atretic follicles, reduction of the number of follicles and the size of the Corpus luteum, and Inhibition of steroid hormones metabolism. In contrast, the Figwort similar to vitamin E normalized these changes significantaly. However, these effects were not significant on the number of Graffian follicules, in opposed to the protective effects of the vitamin E with respect to the Graffian follicules changes against DZN, which was meaningful. Diazinone and Scrophularia Striata similar to the vitamin E, do not have significant effects on Gonadotropins.
Conclusion: The results of the present study shown that, the hydroalcoholic extract of the figwort and vitamin E can protect the ovarian tissue and sexual hormones changes against the cellular apoptosis, inflammation and produced free radicals due to the Diazinone metabolism
Estrogens counteract tributyltin-induced toxicity in the rat islets of Langerhans
No full textBackground
Tributyltin (TBT) is known as an endocrine disruptor able to interfere with estrogen receptors (ERs) leading to toxic effects on the related endocrine pathways. TBT is an obesogen, reported to disrupt glucose homeostasis leading to diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of TBT and β-estradiol on the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in simultaneous exposures.
Experimental
Pancreatic islets of 15 male rat were isolated and exposed to TBT (10 μM), β-estradiol, and TBT plus β-estradiol for 24 h. Therewith, cellular viability, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and insulin secretion markers were investigated.
Results
TBT decreased the viability and increased the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and insulin secretion TBT led to increased amounts of apaptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and insulin secretion in pancreatic islets; however, cellular viability was reduced. Co-exposure with β-estradiol ameliorated the entire mentioned variables near to the control level.
Conclusion
These results showed that β-estradiol protect pancreatic islets of Langerhans against TBT-induced toxicity by counteracting oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as insulin secretion. In this way, it is postulated that pancreatic ER pathways particularly in β-cells might be the determinant target of toxic effects of xenoestrogens like TBT. Hence, evaluation of xenoestrogens-induced ER dysfunction in the endocrine pancreas can be helpful in diabetic risk assessment of these contaminants. Pharmacological modifications of ER pathway in the β-cells seems promising for better management of diabetes
Effect of different mechanical surface treatment techniques on repair bond strength of composite
No full textIntroduction:
Used resin composites in direct restoration after a while servicing by different mechanism have some defects. Maintenance is extended compared composite replacement. We need high bond strength in reparing process for clinical quality between old and new composite and required surface treatment for remove surface layer. Given that so far there is no study about comparing the effect of mechanical surface treatment on repair bond strength. This study's goal id the effect of two mechanical surface treatments (Er,Cr,YSGG LASER, diamond bur) on composite repair bond strength.
Materials and Methods:
In this study there is 60 cylindrical nanohybrid and microhybid composite was divided in 6 groups of 10 by random. For microstructure and surface topography's check after surface treatment 2 extra samples were prepared from each group of no surface treatment, surface treatment with Er,Cr,YSGG LASER and surface treatment with coarse grit bur. Finally data were analyzied with 22 version of SPSS software and two-way-ANOVA test in 0/05 level.
Results:
The result showed that bond strength mean and standard deviation in nanocomposite are: no surface treatment (15/32±2), surface treatment with diamond bur (24/08±4/18), surface treatment with Er,CR,YSGG LASER (19±2/19). Also in microhybrid composite the result showed: no surface treatment (20/42±4/96), surface treatment with diamond bur (37/70±4/26) and with Er,Cr,YSGG LASER (32/49±2/50). Also seen the most bond strength in bur, LASER and control group and there is meaning difference in repairing bond strength in nanohybrid and microhybrid. So that bond strength in microhybrid group in all treatment ways is more than nanohybrid group.
Conclusion:
Considering the restrictions of this study, it is deduced that mechanical surface treatment is the reason for high repair bond strength compairing no surface treatment, so bur treatment has the most repair bond strength
Assessment of the Periodontics Department's Achievement of Educational Objectives from the Viewpoints of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Dentistry Students in 2018-2019
No full textIntroduction:
Dentistry as one of the important disciplines of medical sciences is combined with numerous theoretical and practical skills. Improving the quality of education in this field will have a direct impact on improving the oral health of individuals and ultimately the community; therefore, addressing their educational status is very important. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the achievement of Periodontics group educational goals from the viewpoints of students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Dental School in 2019-20.
Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the periodontics department in the school year 2019-20. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using chi-square test (α≤0.05).
Results:
In this study 50 students (20%) were male and 30 (60%) were female. The average ability of students in periodontics was 2% excellent and 72% good, 26% at intermediate level; the results showed that there was no significant difference in students' abilities in periodontics in terms of gender and input quota (P> 0.05).
Conclusion:
Overall, the results of this study showed that student's ability to achieve the educational goals of the Periodontics Department of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, is in a good level. Having identified the strengths and weaknesses of the students in periodontology courses, it seems that the curriculum of this section needs to be revised and fixed
Synthesis and characterization of γ‑Fe2O3 encapsulated NaY zeolites as solid adsorbent for degradation of ceftriaxone through heterogeneous catalytic advanced oxidation processes
No full textAbstract
The degradation of ceftriaxone (CTX) by heterogeneous catalytic advanced oxidation processes has been explored using γ-Fe2O3 NaY zeolites synthesized (γ-Fe2O3@NaY) in the laboratory through hydrothermal and chemical co-precipitation methods. γ-Fe2O3@NaY zeolite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer analyses. The effects of the initial concentration of CTX and catalyst, pH and hydrogen peroxide
(
H2O2) dose with the presence UV light on the degradation efficiency of CTX have been studied by conducting experiments
in a batch reactor at room temperature. Experimental results reveal that CTX can be efficiently removed after 90 min at pH
4.0, CTX 20 mg/L, catalyst 1.17 g/L, H2O2
30 mM and presence of UV light. A kinetic and isotherm model was developed
for investigation of the adsorption mechanism, and results show that model and data are in good agreement. The reusability
of γ-Fe2O3@NaY was high as it degrades CTX in the presence of UV light and H2O2
even after five consecutive cycles. Also,
due to having magnetic properties, this composite is easily separated from the solution by magnetism. This work indicates
that bench synthesized γ-Fe2O3 NaY zeolite is a heterogeneous recoverable catalyst that can efficiently remove CTX from
wastewater