Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Comparison of intravenous pracetamol versus ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Get PDFBackground and Objective: PDA is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among premature infants that affects more than 40% of them. PDA treatment includes medical and surgical treatment. Most drugs used to block PDA are cyclooxygenase inhibitors (ibuprofen and indomethacin) that inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) acts by directly inhibiting prostaglandin synthase activity and unlike ibuprofen in the peroxidase portion of the enzyme, the paracetamol inhibitory activity is facilitated by local reduction of hydroperoxide accumulation. The role of paracetamol as an alternative therapy in PDA ligation has been considered in recent years due to the potential side effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Buali and Alavi Hospital in Ardebil.
Methods: Patients in the first group were treated with intravenous paracetamol at a dose of 15mg / kg every 6 hours for three days and the second group was treated with intravenous ibuprofen at a daily dose of 10mg / kg daily and 5mg / kg for the second and third days. At the end of the treatment period (day 3), they underwent echocardiography again. If the echocardiographic findings indicated no closure of the arterial duct, patients were treated with the aforementioned drug for another period and rechecked at the end of the third day, and at each stage required information was collected.
Results: Arterial duct closure in paracetamol group was 96.7% and in ibuprofen group was 100%. The effects of both paracetamol and ibuprofen were similar in terms of renal parameters but in terms of effects on liver parameters. The effect of paracetamol on all liver parameters except AST was significant, but ibuprofen was able to affect only bilirubin among liver parameters and had no significant effect on both AST and ALT parameters.
Conclusion:. Both paracetamol and ibuprofen are effective in treating PD
Dual practice and multiple job holding among Iranian general practitioners: rate and effective factors
No full textBackground: Physician's dual practice is a common phenomenon
in both developing and developed countries. This
study aimed to investigate the rate and factors affecting the
dual practice of general practitioners (GPs) as the most
important primary care providers in Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the
data of 666 Iranian GPs, derived from a national survey. In
this work, a researcher-made checklist was used to collect
the required information. Multinomial logistic regression
was used to examine the factors affecting concurrent
employment in both public and private sectors and the factors
affecting employment in more than one place (either
public or private).
Results: About 23.51% of the GPs were only working in
the public sector, and 57.84% only in the private sectors.
Also, 18.65% were working in both the private and public
sectors. Results also indicated that 26.17% of the GPs
were working in two or more places (whether public or
private). Male GPs (p < .1) as well as the GPs with higher
earnings expectations (p < .01) were more likely to have
dual practice. Besides, the GPs working in small towns
and villages (compared with Tehran, as capital of Iran;
p < .05) were less likely to have dual practice. Gender
(male) and earnings expectations had a significant effect
on working in more than one place (p < .01).
Conclusion: The most important and significant factor
affecting GPs' dual practice in Iran was their financial expectations.
Thus, appropriate policies to modify physicians'
income expectations and reforms such as improving tariffs
setting should be adopted in the health systems
Designing and Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Pregnant Women's Perceptions of Vaginal Examination during Labor Scale
Get PDFBackground and purpose: Vaginal examination is an essential part of obstetric care. Due to
cultural influences and the sensitive nature of the subject, there is a need for a precise tool to evaluate that
in Iranian women. This study aimed to develop a scale for investigating iranian pregnant women’s
perceptions of vaginal examination during labor and evaluate its psychometric properties.
Materials and methods: This methodological study was performed in two phases. First, the
items were extracted by reviewing relevant literature. Then, the psychometric properties of the instrument
were determined by face validity and content validity (qualitative and quantitative assessments), construct
validity (exploratory factor analysis and known-group validation), and internal consistency and stability.
All data analyses were done in SPSS V19.0.
Results: Thirty five items were extracted. After assessing the face and content validity, the items
reduced to 29. After exploratory factor analysis the items of the instrument were 26 that indictated five
factors. Finally, internal consistency )α= 0.754( and stability )ICC== 0.79( were determined for reliability
evaluation by test- retest.
Conclusion: According to this study, the Persian Version of Women’s Perceptions of Vaginal
Examination (26 items) could be used as a an acceptable instrument for investigating women’s perceptions of
vaginal examination during labor, due to good development process and suitable validity and reliability.
Keywords: instrument development, perception, experience, vaginal examination, labo
Exposure and risk assessment of BTEX in indoor air of gyms in Tehran, Iran
No full textThe objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in indoor air of 50 gyms in Tehran city and to further assess the health risk due to exposure to BTEX. 10 l of air samples were collected from each gyms and The concentrations of BTEX were determined using GC-FID. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate carcinogenic and non-cancer risk owing to BTEX exposure. The results showed that the mean ± SD concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in indoor air of gyms were 75.1 ± 36.2, 34.1 ± 23.8, 54.8 ± 34.9, and 19.5 ± 9.1 μg/m3, respectively. Among the BTEX, benzene has the most concentrations in the gyms. The mean of inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene in indoor air of gyms was calculated 4.1 (10−7), which is lower than the standard limit set by the US Environmental Protection Agency and world health organization. Accordingly, benzene imposes no risk for athletes in gyms investigated in this study. Also, the mean of Hazard quotients (HQ) for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were calculated to be 1.1 (10−2), 2.6 (10−5), 3.09 (10−4) and 7.6 (10−3), respectively, which are much lower than 1 and shows that these compounds do not threaten athletes at the gym in terms of non-carcinogenic disorders. Uncertainty analysis shows that BTEX concentrations have the highest contribution of LTCR and HQ (52.5–82.8%). Therefore, gyms can be a potential source for exposure to BTEX and increase the risk of health problems among athletes
Correlation of maternal vitamin D level with premature rupture of fetal membrane
Get PDFBackground & Objective: Premature rupture of fetal membrane (PROM) is not only a major medical problem but also a social and economic problem. According some studies Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and during labor may play a role in premature rupture of the fetal membranes by mechanism of inflammation in the placenta. this study was designed to investigate the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and premature rupture of membrane.
Methods: 100 pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membranes as the case group and 100 healthy pregnant women as the control group were randomly assigned to the study among pregnant women 18 to 35 years old with a gestational age of 28 to 41 weeks, which they were referred to the women's surgery center of Alavi Hospital in Ardabil within 6 months. The blood level of vitamin D was measured. Demographic data and laboratory results and patient history were collected using a researcher-made checklist. Finally, patients were evaluated for vitamin D levels and study factors.
Results: The mean age of patients was 24.03±7 years with a range of 18- 31 years in the case group, 25.24 ± 6.87 years with a range of 18-33 years old in the control group. There was no significant relationship between premature rupture of membranes based on serum vitamin D level and gestational age (p= 0.09).
Conclusion: In this study, there was no relationship between maternal vitamin D25 and premature rupture of fetal membranes
Comparison of the efficacy of six-week versus twelve-week antibiotic therapy for the treatment of nonsurgical diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Get PDFBackground: There is little evidence regarding the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). So, the optimal duration of antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis complicating foot wounds in non–surgically treated diabetic patients is currently unknown and needs more studies in the future. This study aimed to compare six-week versus twelve-week antibiotic therapy for the treatment of nonsurgical DFO.
Methods: This was an interventional study that was performed on 30 patients with DFO without surgical indications who were randomly divided into two groups (six-week versus twelve-week antibiotic therapy). Changes of parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), HbA1c, creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS) at baseline, FBS after two hours, white blood cell (WBC), absolute count of neutrophil and clinical outcomes (percentage of complete healing and non-healing, the time of complete healing, radiological abnormality and recurrence of the disease after treatment) were measured in the two groups and then analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 21.
Results: During the study period, values of CRP (p=0.03), ESR (p=0.03), two-hour glucose (p=0.02), WBC (p=0.04) and absolute neutrophil count (p=0.04) in the six-week treatment group and the values of CRP (p=0.02), ESR (p=0.02), HbA1c (p=0.04), FBS at baseline (p=0.04), FBS after two-hour (p=0.01), WBC (p=0.02) and absolute neutrophil count (p=0.04) in the twelve-week treatment group changed significantly. There was no significant difference concerning the clinical outcomes between the two groups.
Conclusions: The results showed that six and twelve-week antibiotic therapy had the same efficacy in the treatment of non-surgically DFO. Therefore, six-week antibiotic therapy of DFO could be sufficient in these patients
Investigation of Iranian women’s Experiences of Vaginal Examination and Its Related Factors
No full textEffect of Cysteine on Transforming Growth Factor β1 as the Main Cause of Renal Disorder in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Get PDFBackground and purpose: Glycation products, oxidative stress, and inflammation contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) due to the elevation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). This study aimed at investigating the effect of Cysteine (Cys) on TGF-β in DN rat model.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 per group): control, Cys, DN, and DN + Cys. DN was induced in rats by nephrectomy of the left kidney and injection of streptozotocin. The Cys and DN groups were treated with Cys (0.05% in dirking water) for three months. Glucose, insulin, diverse glycation products, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, TNF-α, proteinuria, and serum creatinine levels were determined in all rats. Data analysis was done in SPSS V16.
Results: Cys decreased the sera level of TGF-β1, renal dysfunction parameters, diverse Glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in DN rats. Furthermore, the treatment improved glycemia and dyslipidemia (P> 0.001).
Conclusion: Cysteine with antioxidant, anti-glycating, and anti-inflammatory properties ameliorated DN owing to advantageous effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, this treatment showed multiple protective effects on kidney by reducing the TGF- β1 levels
Forecasting head lice (Pediculidae: Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation incidence hotspots based on spatial correlation analysis in Northwest Iran
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Pediculus humanus capitis has been prevalent throughout the world, especially in developing
countries among elementary students and societies with a weak socio-economic status. This study aimed to forecast head
lice (Pediculidae: P. capitis) infestation incidence hotspots based on spatial correlation analysis in Ardabil Province,
Northwest Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analytical study, all cases of head lice infestations who were confirmed by
Centers for Disease Control office have been studied from 2016 to 2018. Head lice infestation incidence hotspots in the
province should be detected based on general G statistics in ArcMap GIS10.4.1. Furthermore, MaxEnt.3.3.3 model was used
for modeling the high-risk areas.
Results: The prevalence rate of pediculosis was 14.90/100,000 populations. The general G statistics revealed that the head
lice infestation in this study area has a high cluster pattern. The analysis showed that the Parsabad and Germi counties were
identified as a head lice infestation incidence hotspots. Statistical and spatial analyses of head lice infestation incidence
showed a significant positive correlation with head lice infestation incidence hotspots and the altitudes (15-500 m), annual
temperature range (14-16.5°C), and slope and average diurnal temperature (12-18°C).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the most ecologically suitable areas of head lice occurrence were
identified in two hotspots (Parsabad and Germi) in the Northern areas of Ardabil Province (Parsabad and Germi counties);
in the borderline of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan