Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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The roles of latency-associated antigens in tuberculosis vaccines
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) is a re-emerging disease and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). TB is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, worldwide. The only available vaccine against TB infection, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), fails to adequately protect against reactivation of latent infections in adults. Furthermore, recently developed subunit vaccines, which are in various stages of clinical trials, are all prophylactic vaccines based on proteins expressed in replicating stage of M. tuberculosis and they are not preventive of reactivation of latent TB infection. Thus, an appropriate subunit post-exposure vaccine needs to be developed to control all forms of TB infection. To produce a multi-stage subunit vaccine, scientists should combine the early secreted M. tuberculosis antigens with latency antigens. For this purpose, some latency proteins are known which could be important antigens in the production of specific humoral and cellular immune responses in latent M. tuberculosis infected individuals. Several studies have evaluated the immunogenicity of these proteins in improving the TB vaccines. The present study is a comprehensive review of several studies on the role of the latency antigens in the development of TB vaccines. Overall, the studies indicate that the latency-associated antigens including the resuscitation-promoting factors, the Dormancy of survival regulon (DosR) proteins and the starvation stimulant proteins are potential candidates for the development of subunit vaccines against TB infection
Evaluation of the knowledge of parents of 8-12 years old children towards emergency management of trauma of avulsed teeth in Ardabil city in 2019
Get PDFIntroduction: Control and treatment of dental trauma is one of the major issues in dental science. Dentoalveolar trauma which occurs frequently in children and adolescents affects teeth, supportive structures and adjacent soft tissues and causes major psychological and economic problem. The timely and proper treatment of dental trauma depends on several factors, one of which is the level of parents, especially mothers, about this issue.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Sampling was done in a cluster-quota categorized manner. Schools were defined as cluster and from among the 2 education districts of the city of Ardabil, several schools from each district were randomly selected. Then, in selected schools, randomly and from each academic year, parents were selected by random sampling. The questionnaire was distributed in the same session between the parents and after the data collection, a training session was held.
Results: Among the studies parents, %55/6 had poor knowledge, %39/6 had moderate knowledge, %4/2 had good knowledge and %0/6 had excellent knowledge. Mean parental knowledge was equal to 4/54+2/006. A good direct and significant difference was observed between parental awareness and education level of the parents (P<0/001),(r=0/685). Also, a slight inverse and significant difference was observed between parental awareness and number of children (P=0/013),(r=0/146). However, no significant difference was found between parental knowledge and variables of age and gender.(age: P=0/248), (gender:P=0/427)
Conclusion: According to the result of this study, low level of knowledge toward traumatic avulsed teeth was observed in the participants
Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017
Get PDFSince 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress
remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child
deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends.
Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of
neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical
survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25
or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries
could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality
clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that
will help to improve the health of all populations
Comparison of dentinal crack formation after root canal preparation by Protaper universal,Neoniti,One shape and wave one :An invitro Evaluation
Get PDFIntroduction: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is one of the incidents that can happen during root canal therapy that usually caused by the proliferation of localized dentine defects such as fine dentin cracks . In most cases, it can eventually lead to involved tooth loss. The aim of this study was to select the most favorable rotary system with the least dentinal cracks for conservative endodontic treatment .
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 75Human mandibular single canal Incisor were selected and divided into five equal groups: group 1 samples were prepared with ProTaper universal system; group 2 samples were prepared with Neoniti A1system; group 3samples were prepared with One Shape ;group 4 samples were prepared with Wave One Reciprocating system and group 5 samples were not prepared (control).The samples were sectioned at 3,6 and 9mm distances from the apex and evaluated under ×25 magnification of stereomicroscope for presence or absence of cracks. Data were analyzed with chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests .
Results: The incidence of dentin crack in group Neoniti was significantly lower than that of group Protaper universal and Wave one(p0.05)
Conclusion: The present study showed that all rotary systems caused dentinal cracks in the root canal.among the rotary systems used in this study, Protaper universal significantly caused more cracks in the root canal wall and Neoniti group significantly resulted in the lowest rate of dentinal crack in comparison to Wave One and Protaper universal groups.According to the present study, Neolix is a suitable rotary system for root canal preparation during endodontic treatment
One-year evaluation of peri-implant soft and hard tissues characteristics in maxillary lateral sinus lift with residual bone heights 3-4 mm
Get PDFIntroduction: Sinus floor elevation and implant placement are predictable treatment options for pneumatized sinus and severely resorbed maxillary posterior reconstruction.Residual bone hieght affected the type of surgery process.sinus lifting through open approach with simultaneous implant placement are predictable treatment for ridges with residual hieghts 3-4mm.Considering that most forces entered into 5mm crestal bone,it is important to evaluate periimplant characteristics in period of initial implant loading through listed method that bearing bone heights is less than 5mm ,so this study was done on this purpose.
Materials and Methods:This retrospective study consisted of 30 patients (18 men and 12 women) with residual bone hieghts 3-4mm in the posterior maxilla.implants inserted with simultaneous sinus lift through lateral approach in the posterior maxilla and follow up 6 and 12 months after delivery of prosthesis. peri-implant conditions and factors,survival and success rates of implant-prosthesis were evaluated in follow ups.examination consisted of Probing depth,Attachment Level,Gingival Recession,Bleeding On Probing,Marginal Bone Loss and existance of peri-implantitis and peri-implantmucositis.
Results: With assessment of peri-implant soft and hard tissues did not show any singns and symptoms of peri-implantitis and peri-implantmucositis and CAL during follow up of 6 and 12 months.there was no statistically difference in GR means during follow up periods.3 implants(3/30)showed positive BOP after 6 months but all implant showed negative BOP after 12 months.PD and means of MBL were normal in follow ups.success rate were 100% and there was no failure.
Conclusion:sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement can be used for treatment of atrophic posterior maxilla in patients with residual bone heights 3-4mm. The deminished preoperative vertical dimentions of the residual ridges did not seem to negatively influence the periimplant soft and hard tissues
Evaluation of risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in patients with knee pain complaints
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Knee osteoarthritis is an important factor for pain and disability in the population. In this study, we investigated the risk factors of primary knee osteoarthritis in patients with knee pain complaints and their relationship with knee osteoarthritis.
Methods: The sample consisted of two case and control groups with a mean age of 87 in each group. Samples were selected from female patients under 50 years of age who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital or Royan Ardabil Specialty Clinic for 6 months (April to September 1397) with complaints of knee pain. The control group was also selected from patients younger than 50 years of age who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital clinics at the same time when they complained of knee pain but had no radiographic findings in favor of osteoarthritis. The data were entered into SPSS statistical software and were analyzed using Pearson correlation test, Chi-square test and independent T-test.
Results: Examination of the relationship between the variables affecting knee osteoarthritis revealed that the degree of knee osteoarthritis was not correlated with ESR, type of toilet used, stair usage, use of walking aids and type of residential home. The study also found that the degree of knee osteoarthritis was significantly correlated with body mass index (P = 0.001). P value of 0.01 was also found to be significantly associated with CRP with primary knee osteoarthritis. According to the findings of the statistical analysis in the present study, it was found that the degree of knee osteoarthritis was significantly correlated with higher education. However, as the level of education increased, the degree of knee osteoarthritis decreased (P = 0.022). It was also found that increased circadian activity was significantly associated with increased degree of knee osteoarthritis (P = 0.032).
Conclusion: The degree of knee osteoarthritis is correlated with body mass index, education, CRP index, and circadian activity
Evaluation of medical students success rate in tracheal intubation by direct and glidescopic methods in Fathemi hospital of Ardabil in 2019
Get PDFBackground & objective: Direct laryngoscopy technique is the gold standard technique for securing airway among surgery patients. It is a complex skill and requires a lot of practice. Direct laryngoscopy uses a direct view and special maneuvers to see the glottic space. In contrast, video laryngoscopy technique uses an indirect view by a camera and reduces the need for direct intervention on airway structures. Because there were different results in comparing direct laryngoscopy with video laryngoscopy, we intended to measure success rates of intubations using these two different techniques.
Methods: This study was a descriptive research and is done in a group of medical interns after they are teached by anesthesia residents in their anesthesia rotation .Patient population were 17 to 70 years old with ASA class 1 or 2. Number of General anesthesia candidates in each group were 49 people.. Intubation success, glottic view degree, hemodynamic changes, oxygen saturation changes prior and after intubation and complications such as teeth trauma, damage to gums and tongue were tracked by interns. Data are analyzed using T, Chi-square , Exact Fishers tests.
Results: In terms of oxygen saturation changes and intubation timing, there was not a significant difference between the groups. Intubation success rate in the first attempt was significantly higher in the videolaryngoscopy than in direct laryngoscopy. Glottic view degree (Cormack-Lehane score) in the videolaryngoscopy was better than direct laryngoscopy. Mean Arteial Blood Pressure changes were significantly higher in the direct laryngoscopy than in the videolaryngoscopy. Mean intubation time was 34 seconds in in Glidoscopy group and 36 seconds in direct laryngoscopy group.
Conclusion: Intubation success rate in first attempt and glottis view in the videolaryngoscopy were better than of direct laryngoscopy Also the increase in MAP in the direct laryngoscopy is more than that of Videolaryngoscopy
Effect of ceftriaxone on synaptic plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons in OKA-induced model of Alzheimer disease in rats
No full textSpaced training improves learning in Ts65Dn and Ube3a mouse models of intellectual disabilities
Get PDFBenefits of distributed learning strategies have been extensively described in the human literature, but minimally investigated in intellectual disability syndromes. We tested the hypothesis that training trials spaced apart in time could improve learning in two distinct genetic mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual impairments. As compared to training with massed trials, spaced training significantly improved learning in both the Ts65Dn trisomy mouse model of Down syndrome and the maternally inherited Ube3a mutant mouse model of Angelman syndrome. Spacing the training trials at 1 h intervals accelerated acquisition of three cognitive tasks by Ts65Dn mice: (1) object location memory, (2) novel object recognition, (3) water maze spatial learning. Further, (4) spaced training improved water maze spatial learning by Ube3a mice. In contrast, (5) cerebellar-mediated rotarod motor learning was not improved by spaced training. Corroborations in three assays, conducted in two model systems, replicated within and across two laboratories, confirm the strength of the findings. Our results indicate strong translational relevance of a behavioral intervention strategy for improving the standard of care in treating the learning difficulties that are characteristic and clinically intractable features of many neurodevelopmental disorders