Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Comparison of the efficiency by Sono-fenton and Sono-persulphate Processes removal of Humic Acid from aqueous solutions by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) base on Box-Behnken design (BBD)
No full textBackground and Objectives:Today, the supply of safe water has faced many challenges due to the increase in water consumption due to the growing population and the entry of various pollutants into water.Among these, natural organic matters (NOMS) are one of the most important factors in reducing the quality of surface water. Natural organic matters (NOMS) not only affects the color, odor, and taste of water, but also causes wide range of problems such as increasing the demand for disinfectants, corrosion, and bacterial growth in the distribution system and drinking water treatment processes. Humic substances (humic acid and folic acid) are the most important part of natural organic matters in water. The presence of humic compounds in the water, in addition to increasing the use of disinfectants, leads to the formation of disinfectant by-products such as Trihalomethanes and Halo acetic Acids, which are mainly toxic and carcinogenic. this study was the optimization of the HA removal in the sono-persulfate and sono-fenton process using the response surface methodology based on the box-Behnken model combined.
Materials and Methods: This study was an experimental study and was conducted on a laboratory scale to removal humic acid by sonopressulfate and sonofenton processes and the effect of important operational parameters such as solution pH, persulfate concentration, ferrous ions, hydrogen peroxide concentration and reaction time at three levels (+1, 0 and -1) was studied using a constant intensity of ultrasonic waves of 37 kHz and the initial concentration of HA at 25 mg/L. Optimization and analysis of the results were performed by Design Expert 10 and Statgraphics 18 software, and the residual-humic acid was measured using a spectrophotometer.
Results:The results showed that the quadratic model was suitable for the data (Pvalue>0.0001) and the proposed model was confirmed with a high correlation coefficient ((0.9966 = R2) and (0.9932 = R2Adj)). Under the optimal conditions for the process (pH = 3, optimal persulfate concentration of 0.514 mg/L and reaction time of 39.29 min), the observed elimination efficiency was about 87.59%. The synergetic degradation of the sono-persulfate process and COD removal in optimal conditions was 42.63% and 81.2%, respectively.
Also in the sonofenton process, like the sonopressulfate method, the proposed model (Quadratic) was confirmed with a correlation coefficient ((R2 = 0.9856) and (R2Adj = 0.9729)).Under the optimal conditions for the sonofenton process (PH = 3, optimal concentration of hydrogen peroxide 49.5 mg / l, concentration of ferro ions 9.63 mg / l and reaction time 60 minutes) the observed removal efficiency was about 100% and the COD removal was 89.65%.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, efficiency of sonofenton process in removing humic acid from sonopresulfate process was higher and also the box design was determined. Bacon can also be used as a suitable tool to optimize process conditions in the removal of humic acid
Investigating the relationship between the duration of onset of symptoms and the size of the intussusception with successful placement of the normal saline test under ultrasound guide in children
No full textBack ground: intussusception is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain in children. Its incidence has been reported in different countries per year, but is about 1.5 per 1000 live births. Pediatric surgery centers usually use air for enema (barium enema) to treat intussusception. In this regard, we decided to investigate the relationship between the duration of onset of symptoms and the size of intussusception with successful placement with normal saline enema under ultrasound guidance as a safe method cuse of not using X-ray in children.
Aim: To determine the relationship between the duration of onset, symptoms and the size of intussusception with successful placement with normal saline enema under ultrasound guidance in children.
Matherials and Methods: The statistical population includes all patients who referred to Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil from October, 2019 to September, 2020 with a diagnosis of intussusception. Sampling was performed in the form of a number of HIS systems of the hospital, so that all patients who had referred to Fatemi Hospital with a diagnosis of intussusception were identified and their files were identified and information was extracted from the files.
Results: The result is that normal saline with a success rate of 80.5% and recurrence of 3.4% as an effective treatment method along with air enema can be useful for the treatment of intussusception in children. The success rate of normal saline enema is not related to age and sex as well as the initial symptoms of the disease, but is inversely related to the time elapsed since the onset of symptoms and the size.
Conclusion: This study recommends that in patients who are 20 hours after the initial symptoms or the size of the intussusception is reported on ultrasound above 2.7 cm, the surgical method should be considered in addition to treatment with normal saline enem
Dental education in COVID‑19 pandemic: When can we start?
No full textDentists and patients are exposed to pathogenic microorganisms and the risk of infection in 2019-nCoV due to special conditions in the provision of dental services, including face-to-face communication with patients, frequent contact with saliva and blood, and use of surgical instruments. With the decision of continuing education in dental schools without adequate consideration of the various aspects and critical measures, it is likely that dental schools will be the important centers for continuation of COVID-19 epidemic. This commentary provides useful tips for preparing students for dental education
Formulation and evaluation of betamethasone oral patch utilizing 3D printing methods
No full textObjective: There have been significant advances in the additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing over the past 30 years; so that they are considered the industrial revolution of the 21th century. these methods can be replaced for most of the traditional and conventional drug manufacturing methods. Attempts are now being made to provide individualized treatment based on individual differences. Individual pharmacotherapy or individual therapy is so effective in meeting the patients’ needs for treatment of the special diseases based on the individual anatomical and physiological differences, drug sensitivities, genetic polymorphisms, and the needed dosage. 3D printing has a high accuracy and it will soon be used for large scale production. By using 3D printing, unique products can be produced quickly and at low prices, so that these products can not be produced by conventional methods.
Aphthous ulcers has no specific cause. The patients affected by this condition usually suffer from an unfavorable feeling and pain for a long time. There is no effective drug for treatment of this complication. The products available in the treatment of oral lesions include soluble cocktails, topical pastes, mouthwashes and herbal drops that have a temporary effect and are washed off the site with saliva.
Method: Due to the problems in the treatment of oral ulcers and the inefficiency of pharmaceutical products in this field, a suitable drug delivery device was made using the 3D printing method using a warm syringe printing. In this method, low temperature is used to soften the polymers and there is no need to use organic solvent and it will not be toxic to the patient and printing will be done through a syringe with a specific nozzle size. In these patches, we loaded betamethasone.
Result: Patches containing betamethasone were printed using beeswax and poly vinyl alcohol polymers. The resulting patches had a smooth surface and was flexible. The patches contained 3.2 mg of betamethasone, which was released slowly over 4 hours. Electron microscopy showed well the order of the patch structure and drug loading.
Conclusion: The use of 3D printers in the pharmaceutical industry realizes the possibility of increasing the accuracy and precision of drug dosage by manufacturing layer by layer products. The prepared formulation was well printed by the warm syringe printer and also all the patches had a soft texture and flexibility. Various polymers and excepients can be used in the production of oral patches. Depending on the type of material and their percentage composition, the properties of the final patches will vary in terms of flexibility and drug content and drug release profile
Studying the Relationship between Diabetic Cognitive Impairment and Serum Cholinesterase Activity in Patients with Diabetes
No full textIntroduction: Recent studies have shown that several diseases, including type 2 diabetes, are directly involved in increasing the activity of AChe acetylcholinesterase. The activity of this enzyme is considered as a risk factor for the death of nerve cells that cause cognitive disorders such as dementia.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diabetic cognitive impairment and serum cholinesterase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, 122 patients with type 2 diabetes whose disease was diagnosed by measuring fasting blood glucose and insulin were present and glucose level (FBS) and insulin (Fins) parameters, fasting blood, body mass index (BMI), cognitive impairment and intelligence level, and serum activity of cholinesterase enzyme were calculated by Ellman method. The obtained data were analyzed by t-test of two independent groups, Pearson correlation, simple linear regression and ANOVA analysis of variance with SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that blood glucose and insulin levels and acetylcholine activity in these patients had no significant relationship with their intelligence level (P <0.05). Also, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and cholinesterase activity in these individuals were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment (P <0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed no correlation between diabetic cognitive impairment and serum cholinesterase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes in Ardabil
The Effects of Implementing an Occupational Health and Safety Management System on Functional Indices: A Five-year Study in Casting Industry
No full textIntroduction: Assessment of the performance of management systems is one of the main concerns of managers. The measure of success of an occupational health and safety management system is the ex-tent of its effectiveness. The ef-fects of implementing an OHSMS on health and safety perfor-mance indices in a casting site located in Iran between 2015 and 2019 were examined. Methods: A retrospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted over five years on 21 depart-ments of a casting site. All the functional indices one year before the implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007 in 2015 until a year after the implementation (2019) were monitored and the data were analyzed using SPSS (v.19). Results: There was a significant decrease in occupational accidents after the implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007. Mechanical and ergonomic factors demonstrated significant improvements. There were improvements in the indices of opening health files for the personnel, personal protective equipment, education, instructions, le-gal requirements, commitment, and leadership. There was no significant change in chemical and physical factors. Conclusion: Implementation of the occupational health and safety manage-ment system was effective in the indices that needed managerial control with no or low expenses. However, it was not effective in indices in engineering and technical areas that needed more expenses
Evaluation of fluoride concentration at inlet and outlet household water treatment systems and bottled water distributive high consumption ardabil city, iran
No full textFluoride is needed for better health, but it can cause adverse health effects if used at higher levels. There are different sources for the uptake of the fluoride, and drinking water is its primary resource. The aim of this study is the evaluation of fluoride concentration at the inlet and outlet of household water treatment systems and highly consumed bottled water distributed in Ardabil city in 2020. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 60 water samples (30 samples of bottled water from 10 distribution brands of Ardabil city and 30 samples of inlet and outlet of household water treatment system). The concentration of fluoride was measured using the SPADNS standard method and spectrophotometer techniques. The SPSS version 22 software was used for analyzing the data. The concentration of fluoride in all samples was obtained to be in the range of 0 to 0.87 mg.l-1, with an average of 0.35 mg.l-1, which was less than the standard. According to the results, the concentration of fluoride in the studied groups was significantly different (P = 0.001). Moreover, the efficiency of the household water treatment system in the reduction of fluoride was observed to be 67.25%. Although the concentration of fluoride in most samples was lower than standard, further studies on other sources of fluoride, such as vegetables, tea, and so on, are required for accurate comment on fluoride deficiency in drinking water of one area
Assessment of the fixed prostodontics field,s achievement in skill lab course of educational objectives from the viewpoints of Ardabil university of medical sciences dentistry students in 2018-2019
No full textIntroduction: One of the serious worries and concerns of the educational system, especially dentistry, is the issue of not achieving the goals of the educational program; Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the achievement of the objectives of the fixed prosthesis group at the end of the pre-clinic and clinic of the School of Dentistry of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences from the perspective of students in the second semester of 2009-2010.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 59 pre-clinic students and 59 clinic students were studied. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of Barrero et al. (2015) which consists of two parts. The first part was about personal information such as gender, entrance quota, marital status, interest in the field of study and the year of graduation, and the second part consisted of multiple choice questions related to the evaluation of graduates 'theoretical knowledge as well as questions about students' views on the course. It was pre-clinical and clinical. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26 using independent t-test and two-way analysis of variance with 95% confidence level.
Results:The results showed that the rate of achieving the goals of diagnosis and treatment plan, technical skills in the implementation of treatment and laboratory stages and problem solving techniques, at the end of the pre-clinic period, it was relatively favorable from the students' point of view. Also, there was no significant difference in achieving the goals of diagnosis and treatment plan, technical skills in the implementation of treatment from the perspective of pre-clinic and clinic students (P> 0.05). However, However, clinic students rated laboratory skills and problem-solving techniques as more desirable than pre-clinic students (P 0.05).
Conclusion: From the review of the results, we find that the training of the general course in Ardabil Dental School in relation to the educational goals of the fixed prosthesis group at the end of the pre-clinic and clinic period, despite creating the necessary abilities in general course students, is still far from achieving full educational goals and the need for some improvements in fields such as hands-on training and motivating professors to apply new methods is suggested
Evaluation of EEG changes in patients with first suspicious movements of seizure referred to Alavi hospital of Ardabil from march 21, 2019 to march, 20 , 2020
No full textBackground: Abnormal EEG is a predictor of seizure relapse. Obtaining data related to the diagnosis and outcome of the first seizures is necessary for improving care for these patients, whereas data for these studies is scarce and is limited to a few a few centres.
Aim: Evaluation of the EEG changes in patients with first suspicious movements of seizure referred to Alavi hospital of Ardabil
Materials and methods: All of the patients with first suspicious movements of seizure referred to Alavi hospital of Ardabil from march 2019 to march 2020 enrolled in this study. Data including age, gender, etiology of the seizure, seizure type, and EEG changes gathered.
Results: 71 patients were studied. Based on the seizure type, 50 patients had motor, 10 patients had nonmotor, and 11 patients had focal seizures type impaired awareness. EEG findings were normal in 46 patients .There were slowing waves and epileptic discharge in 12 and 13 patients respectively. Abnormal EEGs recorded in routine modality in 16 patients, H.V modality in 2 patients, Ph.S modality in 2 patients, and both routine and excitatory modalities in 5 patients.
Conclusion :There was not a significant relationship between EEG findings and age, gender, seizure etiology, and seizure type. Also there was not a significant relationship between Abnormal waves in different modalities and type, and etiology of the seizure