Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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An Optimal Model for Educational Leadership Competency in Clinical Departments of Nursing and Midwifery Faculties
No full textBackground & aim: Leadership in medical sciences and nursing education, especially in relation to clinical learning, is very important, and can significantly predict the effectiveness of clinical education. The aim of this study was to design an optimal model for educational leadership competency in clinical departments of medical universities.
Methods: This research was conducted by a mixed qualitative (qualitative-quantitative) method. To conduct the research, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 deputies and group managers in some universities in the northwest of the country. It was evaluated by content analysis method and, in the qualitative stage, approved by fuzzy Delphi method and application of structural equations.
Results: The competency variable of educational leaders from the perspective of educational administrators and deputies in the qualitative stage and category analysis included 50 competencies in five categories of leadership competencies in clinical education, self-assessment and evaluation of educational performance, development of student clinical skills and individual competence, human resources. The designed model was evaluated in a quantitative step with the structural equation technique.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of educational organizations as well as the competencies of managers in medical sciences for clinical success, this model can be used by decision makers and consultants in order to select clinical education leaders in universities and to guide managers
Comparation of effectiveness of intravenous Acetaminophen and Ketorolac with Fentanyl pump for post-cesarean pain control after spinal anesthesia
No full textBackground: Postoperative pain as one of the most common problems in the postoperative phase of surgery especialy in cesarean section and can lead to a significan reduction in the quality of surgical operations, along with other problems such as nausea and vomiting, hypotension and shivering.
Aim: Therefore, the present study we aimed to compare of effectiveness of intravenous Acetaminophen and Ketorolac with Fentanyl pump for post-cesarean pain control after spinal anesthesia.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 100 pregnant women with cesarean section andication who underwent cesarean section and spinal anesthesia were enrolled. After obtaining patient consent, patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each. Patients in group one recived fentanyl pump (20 cc fentanyl with 80 cc normal saline in total volume of 100 cc by pain pump) and patients in group two recived intravenous acetaminophen and ketorolac (three grams of apotel in 30 mg of ketorolac in total 100 cc normal saline). By the pain pump. VAS scores, at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after intervention, nausea and vomiting score, sedation score (via Ramsey's sedation scale), and need for analgesia were assessed. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS.
Results: VAS score analysis showed that there was significant difference between the two groups at 6 and 24 hours after surgery. The analgesic use was not significant between the two groups. The score of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the paracetamol and ketorolac group than in the fentanyl group. There was no significant difference between two groups regard to mean sedation score. Sleepiness was significantly higher in the fentanyl group than in the paracetamol and ketorolac groups. Also, gastric pain was more in paracetamol and ketorolac group than fentanyl group. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate after intervention were statistically significant in the two groups in all cases.
Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen and ketorolac in controlling post-cesarean pain was similar and in some hours better than fentanyl pump and had less side effects than fentanyl. Therefore, these drugs can be used to reduce the pain and complications of cesarean section
Copper as a potential adjunct therapy for critically ill COVID-19 patients
No full textCOVID-19 is a major health problem affecting all people worldwide and has a high mortality rate especially in critically ill patients. Although much is known about its different clinical symptoms, there are significant knowledge gaps about its pathology and cellular responses to the virus. Copper plays an essential role in respiration, immune function and free-radical defense. Despite its important action in physiochemical properties, only small amount of copper is presented in biological fluid, none of which presents as free ion form that readily affirms its depletion in critically ill patients. Recent studies confirmed its anti-viral capacity. Closer understanding of copper signaling, its vulnerability, method of assessment and interpretation, administration rout and dosage opens up new perspectives regarding therapeutic copper administration against critically ill COVID-19 patients. So, it seems that physicians should consider copper insufficiency in their critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, an attention should be paid to copper toxicity and estimating the adverse responses depending on copper dose or severity of copper limitation, as well as the duration of copper misbalance
Exposure to BTEX concentration and the related health risk assessment in printing and copying centers
No full textThis study was derived to investigation of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) concentrations in printing and copying centers (PCCs) in Ardabil city of Iran. Fifty-three PCCs were randomly selected from all the 136 number of PCCs and BTEX was sampled form their indoor air. The results showed that the concentration of BTEX in the indoor air PCCs is lower than the OELs (occupational exposure limit) in all cases. The obtained mean concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were 93.6±63.2, 150.6±99.2, 34.3±16.8, and 29.5±15.2 μg/m3 respectively. Type of printer, number of printing and copying device, and type of ventilation system had significant influence on the BTEX concentration. The mean inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) value for benzene and ethylbenzene in the indoor air of the PCCs with LaserJet and inkjet printers was 44.4 × 10−6 and 153.3 × 10−6, and 23.4×10−6 and 54.2× 10−6, respectively, which were higher than EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits. The hazard quotient (HQ) of benzene in the indoor air of the PCCs with inkjet printers was >1, which indicates that the non-carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to these compounds are considerable
Chapter 10 - Sesterterpenoids
No full textRecent Advances in Natural Products Analysis is a thorough guide to the latest analytical methods used for identifying and studying bioactive phytochemicals and other natural products. Chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids and saponins are examined, highlighting the many techniques for studying their properties. Each chapter is devoted to a compound category, beginning with the underlying chemical properties of the main components followed by techniques of extraction, purification and fractionation, and then techniques of identification and quantification. Biological activities, possible interactions, levels found in plants, the effects of processing, and current and potential industrial applications are also included
The relationship between maxillary sinus and root location of maxillary molars in panoramic radiography
No full textAbstract
Underestanding the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the location of the roots of the maxillary molars plays an important role in the diagnosis of sinus diseases and periodontal and periapical infections of the maxillary molars that have the potential to spread to the sinuses; Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maxillary sinus and maxillary molars's location in panoramic and CBCT radiography.
Goals:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maxillary sinus and root location of maxillary molars in panoramic and CBCT radiography
Materials and Methods:
The study will be performed on 300 panoramic and CBCT samples taken from patients referred to Rad Radiology Clinic. The relationship between maxillary sinus and maxillary molars's location in panoramic radiography and CBCT is classified into five standard classes and examined in the first, second and third molars. The results obtained by Chi-square, Fi and Kramer tests at 5% error level with SPSS software 22 is analyzed.
Findings:
There was no significant difference between the first and second maxillary molars and out of 535 cases, 463 cases had the same results in both radiographs, in 36 cases the difference between CBCT and panoramic radiographs was negative and in 36 cases this difference was positive. However, in the case of the third maxillary molar, out of 286 cases, 232 cases had the same results in both radiographs, in 10 cases the difference between CBCT and panoramic radiographs was negative and in 44 cases this difference was positive. In general, the results of the symptom test showed that there was a significant difference in the results of the two types of radiographs (P = 0.001). This suggests that the two-dimensional panoramic image may have technical errors that have misinterpreted our images, and this indicates the need to use CBCT as much as possible for surgery in the area of the third molar.
Conclusion:
Due to the low compatibility of panoramic radiography and CBCT in examining the relationship between the roots of the upper posterior teeth, especially the third molars and the floor of the maxillary sinus, in cases where root-to-sinus protrusion is observed, in posterior maxillary surgeries such as sinus lifting, posterior teeth extraction And apical surgeries as well as orthodontic movements of the teeth when CBCT is prepared in panoramic radiographs of root protrusion into the sinus for accurate evaluation and risk of posterior maxillary pneumatization
Nursing Vigilance in Nurses Working at the Intensive Care Units in educational and medical centers of Ardabil city, 2020
No full textBackground and aim: Vigilance is an essential element in intensive care nursing. Nurses should be vigilant about changes in patients' clinical conditions and carefully evaluate them to make appropriate clinical decisions and promote their safety and health. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine nursing vigilance in nurses working in the intensive care units (ICU) of educational and medical centers in Ardabil, Iran, in 2019.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study performed on 192 ICU nurses. The data was obtained using demographic characteristics and nursing vigilance questionnaires. The recent survey included three subscales: timely diagnosis of changes in patients’ clinical condition, knowing patients’ general condition for recognizing patterns, and clinical decision-making. SPSS software version 24 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean total vigilance score was obtained 3.86 ± 0.23. The mean scores of timely diagnosis of changes, recognizing patterns, and clinical decision-making subscales were 4.07 ± 0.26, 04.04 ± 0.41, and 4.44 ± 0.25, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between the participants' age and the score of the clinical decision-making subscale (p = 0.022). No significant relationships were observed between the total or subscale vigilance scores and other demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: We assessed ICU nurses’ vigilant behaviors and found that the mean vigilance score was higher than the expected average, indicating a high clinical vigilance level in our participants. The score of the clinical decision-making subscale was lower compared with others. A significant positive relationship was noticed between the participants' age and the score of the clinical decision-making subscale. These results suggest the need for effective educational interventions to boost clinical decision-making skills in ICU nurses, especially younger ones. This study highlighted the importance of nursing vigilance in the ICU, and a better understanding of these behaviors and professional responsibilities can warrant high-quality nursing care
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Adoption of Faculty Members of Iranian- northwestern Nursing Schools about Evidence Based Practice in 2019
No full textThe employment of faculty members who have sufficient knowledge and positive attitude toward evidence-based care in clinical setting is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and adoption of faculty members of nursing schools of north west Iran in field of evidence-based practice. Hence, in the present descriptive-analytical study conducted by census method, a questionnaire was sent to 120 faculty members via email, which received 84 questionnaires upon completion (response rate 70%). Then, the data collection tool consisted of four sections. The first section included demographic information and the second, third, and fourth sections included a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of Rubin and Parrish. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Accordingly, data analysis showed that mean and standard deviation of knowledge scores werecounted in 65.87±6.31 (out of 75), attitude 76.77±7.12 (out of 95) and acceptance 46.13±5.10 (out of 55). There was a positive significant relationship between all three dimensions of knowledge, attitude and adoption (P <0.05). In relation to demographic variables, there was a significant relationship between knowledge level with gender (P = 0.01) and English language proficiency (P = 0.005). According to result, the level of knowledge, attitude and adoption of faculty members of nursing schools was at a good level that indicated an effective move towards integration of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) at educational and academic level. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the role of teachers in designing EBP training programs