Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone- Resistant Campylobacter Species in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground. Campylobacter species are one of the main causes of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. Recently, WHO reported that the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species is becoming a public health issue around the world. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter species, especially fluoroquinolone-resistant strains isolated from human and animal origins in Iran. Methods. Using related keywords and without date and language limitations, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and SID to identify relevant studies on the prevalence of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter species in Iran. Results. A total of 34 reports (9 in Persian and 25 in English) were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disk diffusion, E-test, and agar dilution were common methods used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter species against fluoroquinolones were as follows: 53.6%, 41.8%, and 0% to ciprofloxacin for C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari, respectively, 24.3% and 25.1% to enrofloxacin for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, 59.6% and 49.2% to nalidixic acid for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, and 87.3% and 64.7% to ofloxacin for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. Conclusion. Our findings revealed a high prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species in Iran. This calls for the use of more effective antibiotics with low resistance rates including aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and imipenem
Mitochondrial, lysosomal and DNA damages induced by acrylamide attenuate by ellagic acid in human lymphocyte
No full textAcrylamide (AA), is an important contaminant formed during food processing under high temperature. Due to its potential neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity effects, this food contaminant has been recognized as a human health concern. Previous studies showed that acrylamide-induced toxicity is associated with active metabolite of acrylamide by cytochrome P450 enzyme, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. In the current study, we investigated the role of oxidative stress in acrylamide's genotoxicity and therapeutic potential role of ellagic acid (EA) in human lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes were simultaneously treated with different concentrations of EA (10, 25 and 50 μM) and acrylamide (50 μM) for 4 h at 37°C. After 4 hours of incubation, the toxicity parameters such cytotoxicity, ROS formation, oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, lysosomal membrane integrity, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were analyzed using biochemical and flow cytometry evaluations. It has been found that acrylamide (50 μM) significantly increased cytotoxicity, ROS formation, GSH oxidation, lipid peroxidation, MMP collapse, lysosomal and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. On the other hand, cotreatment with EA (25 and 50 μM) inhibited AA-induced oxidative stress which subsequently led to decreasing of the cytotoxicity, GSH oxidation, lipid peroxidation, MMP collapse, lysosomal and DNA damage. Together, these results suggest that probably the co-exposure of EA with foods containing acrylamide could decrease mitochondrial, lysosomal and DNA damages, and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in human body
The effect of cytarabine on mitochondrial activity of CD34+ and CD34-cells of KG1-a cell line
No full textBackground: Cancer is a malignant disease caused by the accumulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although recovery is possible for people with cancer after chemotherapy, the disease returns after a while due to the presence of cancer stem cells. On the other hand, mitochondria play an important role in the development of cancer stem cells. Many vital parameters of the cell, such as energy production, redox status, ROS production, control of cytosolic calcium levels, and initiation of apoptosis by mitochondria, also occur. Metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial dependence are two basic requirements of CSCs resistance to chemotherapy. As a result, we can target mitochondria because of the unique characteristics of mitochondria in cancer stem cells.
Aim: Determining the effect of cytarabine on mitochondrial activity of CD34+ and CD34- cells in KG1-a cell line.
Materials and Methods: In this study, acute myeloid leukemia cancer cells of KG1-a c were treated with different concentrations (0 to 1000 μM) of cytarabine for 48 hours. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The MACS system was used to isolate CD34+ and CD34- cells. Acridine orange / ethidium bromide staining was used to evaluate cell apoptosis after cytarabine treatment. Flow cytometric dyes Dcfh-da and rhodamine 123 were used to evaluate the active oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the cells, respectively.
Results: We obtained an IC50 of 45.83 μM for cytarabine in KG1-a cells by MTT. For this reason, we continued the experiments with different concentrations of IC50. The results of acridine orange ethidium bromide staining showed that with increasing cytarabine concentration, CD34+ cells had less apoptosis than CD34- and KG1-a cells. Evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential by staining with rhodamine 123 flow cytometry staining showed that CD34+ group was less altered after treatment with Ara-c than other groups. In ROS experiments performed with Dcfh-da staining, we found that the ROS of CD34+ cells increased less after treatment.
Conclusion: According to the observed observations and studies, the cells isolated from patients with cytarabine-resistant AML had low ROS and high oxidative phosphorylation, and their MMP was less altered after exposure to cytarabine. In our studies, CD34+ cells extracted from KG1-a had the same characteristics as cells isolated from patients with cytarabine-resistant AML
Curcumin attenuates bevacizumab-induced toxicity via suppressing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in heart mitochondria
No full textHeart failure was subsequently noted in 2–4% of patients on bevacizumab (BEV). Whereas mitochondria play an important role in myocardial tissue homeostasis, deterioration in mitochondrial function will eventually lead to cardiomyocyte cell death and consequently cardiovascular dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of our study is to search the effects of BEV on isolated rat heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, and survey the effect of curcumin as a mitochondrial protective and cardioprotective agent. Rat heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult rat heart ventricular. By using biochemical and flow cytometry evaluations, the parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation (LP), and cellular assays such as cytotoxicity and MMP collapse were evaluated. Results revealed that BEV (up to 50μg/ml) induced a concentration- and time-dependent rise in mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, LP, and inhibition of SDH in rat heart mitochondria. Our results showed that curcumin (10–100 μM) significantly ameliorated BEV-induced mitochondrial toxicities. Also, our results in cellular assays confirmed amelioration effect of curcumin against BEV toxicity. These results indicate that the cardiotoxic effects of BEV are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS formation, which finally ends in MMP collapse and mitochondrial swelling as the “point of no return” in the cascade of events leading to apoptosis. Also, results of this study suggest that probably the combination therapy of BEV and curcumin could decrease mitochondrial effects of this drug
Effects of training on nurses’ performance in terms of endotracheal suctioning of patients in intensive care units based on clinical indicators
Get PDFIntroduction: Principled endotracheal suctioning (ETS) performed by nurses can reduce complications, duration of hospitalization and mortality in critically-ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of training on nurses’ performance in terms of the ETS of patients in the ICUs of Imam Khomeini Medical Educational Center in Ardabil, Iran based on clinical indicators. Methods: This single-blinded randomized clinical trial recruited 47 nurses working in the ICUs of Imam Khomeini Medical Educational Center in 2018-19. The participants were randomly assigned into an intervention group and a control group. Data collection tools included a standard performance checklist for nurses in the field of ETS. The data were analyzed in SPSS-22 using statistical tests. Results: The mean score of the nurses’ performance in terms of ETS was 12.04±3.08 in the intervention group and 12.29±2.38 in the control group (P=0.75) before training, and 15.13±2.78 in the intervention group and 12.16±2.82 in the control group (P<0.001) after training. Conclusion and implications: The results showed that teaching ETS standards improves the performance of nurses in the ICU. Therefore, it is recommended to consider teaching ETS standards in health system planning and policy making
Food Safety and Health from the Perspective of Islam
Get PDFBackground and Objective: The relationship between food and the health of the soul and body is one of the issues mentioned in a monotheistic worldview including Islam. The verse "And We send down of the Qur'an that which is healing and mercy for the believers" confirms the influence of religious teachings in this respect. This study examines the Qur'anic guidelines on food safety and hygiene. Methods: This review study investigates into the health system through library reviews of authentic sources, religious teachings, Quranic verses, authentic statements from the infallibles (Imams and the prophet), important Qur'anic commentaries, statements and books on nutrition on national and international databases. After categorization, the results were analyzed and integrated. The authors declared no conflict of interest. Results: About 250 Qur'anic verses and dozens of statements from the infallibles point to the importance of food and nutrition. The Holy Qur'an mentions the word “food” 48 times, the word “eating” 107 times, and the word “drink” 39 times. In the verses related to food, it has been mentioned six times that food should be Halal, and in various interpretations, the importance of nourishing the body is emphasized. Attitude to food as a sign in knowing God, believing in divine generosity, enjoying divine intent, asserting the rights of those in need, clean eating, having a balanced diet, adhering to halal food, and avoiding forbidden foods are the most important attitudinal and habitual strategies related to food safety. In addition, human dignity is one of the most important outcomes of adhering to Islamic food safety strategies. Conclusion: Since in revelatory doctrines, a healthy diet involves physical, mental, spiritual and social aspects of human life, it is essential that health policy makers consider the Islamic nutritional approach to achieve a true universal health
Comparison of EEG changes in neonatal period and three months of age in patients with history of neonatal seizure
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of neonatal seizure in term neonates is 3 per 1000 births, but in preterm newborns is 50 per 1000 births. Babies who have seizures are at high risk of death or neurological disabilities. Seizure is often the first sign of neonatal dysfunction and may be effective in long-term prognosis. EEG is the only available method for the diagnosis of seizures in neonates. Therefore, authors compared EEG changes in the first EEG infant seizure with 3 months of age in newborns who referred to the Aristotelian hospital in Bouali Hospital.
Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical method. In this study, neonates referred to Ardabil Booali Hospital, EEG, were screened for seizure and EEG was monitored 3 months later and the results were evaluated. Finally, all the data were entered into the SPSS-24 statistical analysis program and authors analyzed the data according to the type of variables by statistical tests.
Results: In this study, 50 neonates with seizure were enrolled in this study, 70% of which had an average age of 14.92 days. 80% of infants were born at the time of term. The average birth weight was 3.208 kg. 6.2% of infants had abnormal CT scan findings, with an IVH infant and one baby showing brain edema. In this study, only 14% of neonates with abnormal brain strain were observed in the neonatal period and near the seizure. However, after 3 months, 40% of infants experienced abnormal brain stroke findings. Among the changes in EEG with age (p=0.173), gestational age (p=0.616), gender (p=0.176), seizure (p=0.145), neonatal hypoglycemia (p=0.594), hypocalcaemia (p=0.607) no statistic was found.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that a small percentage of neonates had abnormal EEG in the neonate, but after 3 months of seizure, the larger percentage of them found abnormal EEG
Radioprotective effects of montelukast, a selective leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonist, against nephrotoxicity induced by gamma radiation in mice
No full textPurpose: In this study, we evaluated the renal protective effects of montelukast (MLK) against ionizing radiation (IR) induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Materials and Methods: Radioprotective effects of MLK were assessed by biochemical analysis including measurements of kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and serum creatinine and urea levels. Besides, for further evaluation of protective effects of MLK on renal system, 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been applied. The total antioxidant capacity of MLK was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical reagents and compared with butylated hydroxyl toluene standard antioxidant. Results: The biochemical evaluation revealed that better results have been achieved for the groups administered with MLK than the only radiation group. Besides only IR-treated mice group, those treated with MLK demonstrated a significant decrease in urea and creatinine levels. Statistically, significant differences of MDA and SHG levels (P <.05) were found between the radiation group and MLK plus IR-treated group. Also, 99mTc-DMSA kidney uptake value (%ID/g) was observed lower for MLK plus IR-treated mice group than only radiation-treated mice group. Conclusions: According to our findings, MLK has a potential role to be used as a renal protective agent against gamma radiation in radiotherapy
Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of the Combination of Metformin with Docetaxel and 5-Fluorouracil on the Gastric Cancer Cells
No full textBackground: In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of the combination of metformin with docetaxel and 5- fluorouracil were studied on AGS gastric cancer cell line.
Findings: Metformin, docetaxel, and 5-fluorouracil inhibited cell viability of AGS gastric cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were decreased after treatment with metformin/docetaxel and metformin/5-fluorouracil (P < 0.050). Moreover, the combination treatments significantly increased apoptosis of gastric cancer cells (P < 0.050).
Conclusion: Our results showed that the combination of metformin with docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil could be effective in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer
Investigating the effect of temperature and concentration on the expression of transaminase enzyme in the IPTG solution phase Escherichia coli bacteria
No full textIntroduction: Transaminases are pyridoxal 5´- dependent enzymes that transfers an amino group from a donor to an acceptor substrate. Thus these enzymes play an important role in the Biosynthesis of compounds containing chiral amine units and amino acids. β-amino acids are major precursor to various drugs and other industrially important chemicals. The yields of recombinant protein in inclusion bodies are low as well as biological activity of misfolded protein. Therefore, soluble enzyme production in E. coli is important step in bio synthesis process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of IPTG, molecular chaperones and temperature on soluble expression of recombinant Transaminase enzyme. Methods: In this study a Mutation of Transaminase enzyme gene was inserted into the pET28b vector using double restriction enzymes digestion and T4 DNA ligase. The recombinant vector transformed into the E. coli DH5α by treated CaCl2 bacteria and heat shock procedure. Colony-PCR was performed to confirm the correctness of the cloning process and the existence of the desired fragments in recombinant construct. The expression vector pET28b containing target protein was transformed into E. coli BL21 competent cells. The protein concentration was determined using the Bradford method and quantity of expression transaminase was analyzed by SDS- PAGE. Different temperatures, IPTG concentrations and chaperone molecules were used to increase the protein expression in the soluble phase, sorbitol, arginine, sucrose, glycine and tween were added to the bacterial culture medium as chemical chaperon molecule. Results: Investigation of Colony-PCR results on agarose gel confirmed the presence of transaminase gene in the transformed bacteria. Evaluation of different colonies showed that protein expression in colony 1 was significantly higher than other colonies. The study of temperature effect and IPTG concentration on the expression of protein showed that the effect of temperature on transaminase expression was higher than IPTG and the highest protein expression was performed 2 h after induction of expression at 37 ° C and 1 mM IPTG. Conclusion: This study showed decreasing temperature causes a decrease in protein expression as well as decreasing expression in the soluble phase. This could be due to the resistance of the transaminase enzyme to temperature and, due to the fact that this enzyme is separated from the thermophilic bacteria, the temperature is likely to be effective in the correct folding of protein. Investigating the effect of IPTG concentration on the expression of this protein, it was found that high concentrations of IPTG do not affect the expression of transaminase protein, so it can be produced with low concentrations of IPTG, which is economically less expensive. The results of the study showed that, among the used chemical compounds, sorbitol would probably inhibit protein denaturation by the stability of water molecules around the protein, and it could significantly increase the expression of the transaminase protein in the soluble phase after 5 hours of induction. Finally, optimum conditions for the production of transaminase enzyme were obtained at 37 °C and 1 mM IPTG concentration