Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Distribution of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes in Ardabil wastewater treatment plant
Get PDFBackground and objective: Enterobacteriaceae family, as the microflora of the human gastrointestinal tract, forms a large part of the bacteria present in wastewater and with producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes are resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes in Ardabil wastewater treatment plant.
Methods: After sampling from Ardabil WWTP, Isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method. ESBL and AmpC producing isolates were screened using standard dual disks. Isolates tested to identify common ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase genes by PCR and the molecular relationship of ESBL and AmpC producing isolates were determined using ERIC-PCR method.
Results: Among 146 isolated Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli had the highest frequency with 37 isolates (25%) and 34 isolates (23%), respectively. Among the total isolates, 8 (8/146) isolates (5.48%) were ESBL producers and 18 (18/146) isolates (12.33%) were producers of AmpC beta-lactamases and 5 isolates (5/146) of Enterobacteriaceae (3.42%) jointly produced both ESBL and AmpC enzymes. The most antibiotic resistance of the isolates was to beta-lactams (82.2% ampicillin and 41.1% cephalexin) and fluoroquinolones (43.8% nalidixic acid) and the highest antibiotic susceptibility was to aminoglycosides (100% amikacin and 96.5% gentamicin) and cefepime (97 3%). The rate of multidrug resistant (MDR) among ESBL and AmpC producing isolates was 75% and 55.5%, respectively. Based on ERIC-PCR results, ESBL and AmpC producing isolates were classified into 25 clusters with 80% similarity.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that a significant proportion of Enterobacteriaceae isolates in wastewater treatment plants produced beta-lactamase enzymes of ESBL and AmpC. Carrying the ESBL and AmpC-encoding genes beta-lactamase in wastewater treatment plant in particular effluent section threatens general health and effective therapies
Association of serum hepcidin levels and mortality in patients undergoing chronic dialysis
No full textBackground: Hepcidin is a low molecular weight peptide that plays an important role in iron homeostasis in the body. The role of hepcidin in the pathophysiology of anemia and its complications in patients with renal impairment is unknown. Chronic renal failure and its associated anemia play a role in the development of hernias that increase mortality in dialysis patients.
Aim : This study was conducted to determine the Association of serum hepcidin levels and mortality in patients undergoing chronic dialysis.
Materials and methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, which aimed to investigate the relationship between serum hepcidin levels and mortality in patients undergoing chronic dialysis in Ardabil in 1399. The statistical population included: patients with chronic renal failure Dialysis which were referred to Imam Khomeini and Bu Ali hospitals in Ardabil. Using simple random sampling method, 35 patients were selected to enter the study. Information required for each patient including age, sex, duration of dialysis of laboratory disorders (serum hepcidin level and blood markers including, TIBC Ferritin, Iron and hs-CRP and HGB) by studying patient records, asking the treating physician, and Questions were collected from the patients themselves.
Results: Serum hepcidin level was directly and significantly related to serum ferritin and hs-CRP levels. However, hepsidine had no significant relationship with age, sex, duration of dialysis, TIBC, iron and hemoglobin. There was no significant relationship between serum hepcidin levels in patients based on mortality. However, serum hepcidin levels were higher in patients in the death group than in patients who survived. In different groups of patients based on mortality, the difference between serum iron levels, TIBC and hs-CRP was significant, but this difference was not significant for serum hemoglobin levels. Mortality of patients was also significantly associated with the duration of dialysis, so that in long-term dialysis patients was more than death.
Conclusion: Although serum hepcidin levels and mortality of patients undergoing chronic dialysis are not significantly related, however, both of these variables are associated with some of iron indice
Modification of lung endoplasmic reticulum genes expression and NF-kB protein levels in obese ovalbumin-sensitized male and female rats
No full textEvaluation of the Relationship between Fracture Distribution in the MidFace and Mandible and the Reasons for Accidents and Epidemiological Factors Affecting These Fractures
No full textIntroduction: The cause and incidence of the maxillofacial fractures changes according to the mechanism of the injury and demographic factors. Detecting the possible relationship between the causes of the accident and the most common bone areas that usually affected by that specific accident, can be helpful in faster and easier diagnosis of the type of possible injury in traumatic patient. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the distribution of midface and mandibular fracture areas and the causes of the accident and also investigation of the epidemiological factors.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study and datas were analyzed with Chi-square and Fisher exact analysis tests with SPSS 16 (95% CI).
Results: This study was done on 216 patients with a total of 249 midface and mandibular fractures. The ratio of males to females was 7.1. The age range was 5 to 82 years (mean 29 years). Most fractures were related to midface (50.6%) and in age range 20-30 years old. distribiution of Fractures in age groups (p value < 0.027), distribiution of accident causes in two generic groups(p value < 0.001), distribiution of accident causes in separation of midface from mandibular fractures in two generic groups(p value < 0.0001, p value < 0.002, p value < 0.001) and distribiution of treatment process in separation of midface from mandibular fractures (p value < 0.0001) were statistically significant. Distribution of accident causes in age groups (p value < 0.0001) and in separation of midface from mandibular fractures, was only significant in midface. The most frequent cause of fractures in males was motor cycle accident and in females was car accidents .Nasal is the most common fracture site of the midface (46.25%) and body (61.23%), parasymphysis (18.52%) and angle(16.2%) are the most common fracture sites of mandible. Angle and zmc were most fractured in fight, parasymphysis was most fractured in falling and other causes are mostly lead to a broken nose.
Conclusion: Having the Knowledge about the sites that are most commonly fractured in every accident, can helps the clinician in recognizing the sites that should pay more attention to them
The Effect of Individual and Group Education Done by Nurses on Smoking Dependency and Smoking Cessation Motivation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
No full textBackground: This study was carried out to reveal the effect of individual and group education done by a nurse on smoking dependency and smoking cessation motivation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: The present randomized controlled trial study was conducted in Iran. A total of 255 patients were randomly divided into three groups: 1) individual education, 2) group education, and 3) control. Data were collected using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Smoking Cessation Motivation Questionnaire (Q-MAT) one time before the intervention and two times after intervention (1st and 3rd months). Findings: The mean scores of motivation for smoking cessation and smoking dependency in patients in the individual and group education were significantly better than the control group after the intervention (1st and 3rd months) (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the mean scores of smoking cessation motivation and smoking dependency in patients in the individual education and group education groups after education, the status of the patients in the group education was slightly better. Conclusion: Education by nurses might have a significant impact on smoking cessation motivation and smoking dependency in patients with CAD. Further studies are recommended
Teaching adults how to prevent COVID-19 infection by health workers: The application of intervention mapping approach
No full textINTRODUCTION: Education is one of the most important approaches to preventing infectious diseases at the time of the pandemic. The purpose of the study was to develop an intervention-training program using an intervention mapping approach (IMA) to prevent COVID-19 infection in adults at the time of the pandemic by health workers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a study protocol where IMA was used as a planning framework for developing an intervention-training program to prevent COVID-19 infection in adults at the time of the pandemic by health workers in Ardabil city. Six intervention mapping (IM) steps have been described in this protocol. As the first step, needs assessment was performed by reviewing the studies, qualitative evaluation, and interviews. In the second step, the matrix of change objectives was designed from the intersection of performance goals and determinants. Later on, after designing the program and planning the program implementation, the program evaluation plan was developed.
RESULTS: IMA guided us in designing and implementing a control-oriented training program with the participation of the participants along with the definition of outcomes, performance goals and determinants, theoretical methods and practical applications, intervention program, implementation, and step by step assessment.
CONCLUSION: IM is a control-oriented, systematic, participation-based approach to design and implement targeted and on-going health promotion programs based on the needs of the target group at the time of the pandemic by health workers
Chronic fluoxetine treatment during adolescence enhances BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adult rats in a sex-dependent manner
No full textBackground and Aim : Fluoxetine, a common selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is used in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and there are controversial results in different studies about the effects of fluoxetine on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the central nervous system. The present study was designed to examine the effects of adolescent fluoxetine exposure on hippocampal and prefrontal cortex BDNF mRNA expression in adult male and female rats. Methods : We examined the sex-dependent effects of adolescent (postnatal days21-60) administration of fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day, gavage) on the BDNF level in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. After treatment with fluoxetine, the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex of the rat's brain were removed under deep anesthesia for the determination of BDNF mRNA expression. The expression of BDNF mRNA was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results : Our findings showed that adolescent fluoxetine treatment significantly increased hippocampal mRNA expression of BDNF in males, meanwhile this treatment up-regulates the BDNF in the prefrontal cortex in adult female animals . Therefore, adolescent fluoxetine administration has different effects on different areas of the brain. Conclusion : These findings indicate that the BDNF level as an important synaptogenesis factor alters following adolescent manipulation of the serotonergic system. Keywords : Fluoxetine, Gender differences
Biophoton
No full textOne of the natural sources of light with biological origin is biophoton, which is emitted by all living
organisms. The main source of biophoton emission is the reactive oxygen species produced in
mitochondria. In addition to providing information about the physiological and pathological status of
living organisms, biophoton are used as a communication factor at various structural levels. Research
showed that biophoton emission can be used to study the homeostasis capacity of bacteria, because of
severe changes in cell metabolism cause changes in the intensity and spectrum of biophoton emission.
Increased biophoton emission is also seen in plant cells under stresses such as injuries, poison, or freeze.
In addition to the molecular process, cells also use biophtons as communication tools. Since changes in
biophotonic activity indicate a change in mitochondrial energy production in pathological and
physiological conditions, it is possible to use them to diagnose and treating diseases by comparing
biophoton production
Frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with multiple sclerosis
No full textBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important diseases of the central nervous system and one of the main causes of disability in young and middle age groups. Recent studies show that the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia in MS patients is higher than the normal population which could be related to many factors. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis among MS patients.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 30 patients with MS. Bone density of patients was assessed by bone mineral density (BMD) method. Necessary demographic and clinical information were collected by a checklist and then analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 16.
Results: Of all patients, 36.7% had osteoporosis and osteopenia. According to the results, 86.6% of patients had a decrease in bone density in the pelvic region and 50% in the lumbar spine. 43.3% of patients had osteopenia in the pelvic region and 36.7% in the lumbar spine.
Conclusions: The results showed that BMD was high in MS patients. Due to the problems of walking and lack of balance in these patients and the high probability of falling and fractures among them, paying attention to the problem of osteoporosis by early and repeated performing of BMD