Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Necessity of Family-centered care in pediatric nursing and implementation Barriers in practice
Get PDFPreparation and physicochemical characterization of an oral drug delivery system for tacrolimus-loaded chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers
Get PDFIntroduction: Tacrolimus is used as an immunosuppressive drug for patients undergo to organ transplants surgeries or suffered from inflammatory skin diseases. Oral administration of tacrolimus has some limitations, including hepatic first-pass metabolism, very low solubility, secretion from the gastrointestinal tract via P-glycoproteins. In this study, NLC nanoparticles were used to overcome these limitations. Lipid nanoparticles may improve the absorption of substances in the gastrointestinal tract, prevent chemical and enzymatic degradation of the loaded drug, as well as reduce the side effects and toxicity of the drug delivery system. Also in order to increase the mucoadhesive property of carrier and improve the bioavailability of drug, a chitosan shell was coated on the surface of the NLC nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: Nanostructured lipid carriers containing drug were prepared by solvent diffusion method. Their particle size was optimized using Design Expert software by central cubic method. The NLCs were coated with chitosan polymer. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to analyze the drug concentration in unknown samples. First the absorption calibration diagram was drawn and using it, the concentration of unknown samples was calculated at a wavelength of 245 nm. In addition, the NLC and chitosan-coated NLC nanoparticles were evaluated for physicochemical properties sauch as, determination of entrapment efficiency, drug loading efficiency, Nanoparticle size and zeta potential, thermal analysis, FTIR spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and drug release pattern.
Results and Discussion: Design Expert software showed the effect of different parameters on nanoparticle size. According to these analyses, increasing the amount of stearic acid, tween 80 and oleic acid increases the size of nanoparticles and increasing the amount of glyceryl mono stearate decreases the size of nanoparticles. The results also showed that the greatest effect is related to the concentration of stearic acid. The size of optimized NLCs was 98 nm and coating them with chitosan increased their particle size to 166 nm Also the zeta potential for nanoparticles without chitosan coating and with chitosan coating was -27 and 75.8 mV respectively. The drug loading efficiency was 14.69% and the drug Entrapment efficiency was 93%. Interpretation of FTIR spectra and DTA/TGA thermal analysis confirmed the lack of chemical reaction between nanoparticle components as well as the formation of strong hydrogen bonds in the nanoparticle structure. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and the coating of chitosan. Comparison of the release pattern of nanoparticles with chitosan coated and uncoated nanoparticles showed that drug release was slower in coated nanoparticles and reaches a steady state with some delay in comparison to NLC
The Relationship between God Attachment and Attitude toward Death in Elderly People of Ardabil in 2019
Get PDFBackground & objectives: Aging is a biological and natural phenomenon and one of the stages of life. One of the undeniable facts of aging is getting closer to death. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between attachment to God and attitude toward death in the elderly of Ardabil in 2019.
Methods: The present research was a correlational study performed on 400 elderly people in Ardabil city in 2019 by random sampling method. The instruments used in the study were Beck and McDonaldchr('39')s attachment to God and attitude to death (DAP-R) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS/23 software.
Results: The findings of this study showed that the mean and standard deviation of total score of attachment to God and attitude toward death were 36.52±9.52 and 77.31±12.60, respectively. The correlation between attachment to God and attitude to death in elderly was 0.58. According to the linear regression model, attention to God, trust in God, and the total score of attachment to God predict 52% of the variance in attitudes toward death.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that higher secure attachment styles to God are effective in promoting positive attitudes toward death and mental health in the elderly
Exogenous glutamine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on diabetic nephropathy and other complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin/nicotinamide induced diabetic rats were enrolled as an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Animals were divided into control, diabetic, and Gln (1000 mg/l in drinking water, eight weeks) treated diabetic groups. Gln alleviated renal inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione), decreased serum uric acid and creatinine, and restored renal histopathological changes (glomerular volume, sclerosis, and leukocyte infiltration). Additionally, Gln ameliorated other complications, including systemic oxidative stress (serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, serum and liver glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and total superoxide dismutase, and liver catalase), insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and hyperlipidaemia. Collectively, Gln attenuates diabetic nephropathy and other complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities
Investigation of the effect of Glutamine in Lead induced on Hepato-Renal damage in male Rats
Get PDFBackground: Lead is the oldest environmental toxin and the most important industrial pollutant. Most of the lead is stored in the liver and kidneys and leads to liver and kidney damage via oxidative stress.
Aim: In this study, the protective effect of glutamine on the toxic effects of lead on liver and kidney tissues in rats was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: untreated control and lead poisoning as well as two similar groups receiving glutamine (0.1% in drinking water for three weeks). To induce lead poisoning, rats in the lead toxicity and lead toxicity groups treated with glutamine received 0.02% lead acetate in oral water for three weeks. Oxidative stress indices (amount of reduced glutathione, advanced protein oxidation products, malondialdehyde, primary and final products of LDL oxidation) and inflammatory (myeloperoxidase and interleukin 1B) were measured. To evaluate liver and kidney damage caused by lead, tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined histopathologically. Biochemical hepatic (transaminases, total protein, and albumin) and renal parameters (serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein excretion) were also measured.
Results: Lead increased liver and kidney damage by elevating oxidative stress and inflammation. The activity of transaminases and the levels of serum proteins, creatinine, and 24-hour urinary protein excretion were higher in the lead toxicity group than the other groups. Glutamine prevented tissue and biochemical changes in the liver and kidneys following lead poisoning by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Glutamine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as interfering with the accumulation of lead prevented liver and kidney damage caused by lead. The use of glutamine is recommended to prevent the effects of lead in employees exposed to lead
Evaluation of changes in blood parameters to evaluate gastric cancer in dyspeptic patients
No full textIntroduction: Dyspepsia is a common presentation in many benign as well as more serious conditions such as gastric cancer. Early recognition and management of gastric cancer in dyspeptic patients have an important role in increasing the survival of gastric cancer patients.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate if blood parameters include neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio(LMR), Platelet count, MCV and RDW have clinical utility as a screening marker in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer in dyspeptic patients.
Methods and materials: Thirty-six gastric cancer patients who initially presented with dyspepsia and fifty dyspeptic patients without gastric cancer were included in the study. Demographics and laboratory parameters of complete blood count were extracted from the hospital database records. retrospective analysis of selected blood parameters was performed. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to identify potential criteria for using these biomarkers in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Results: The mean values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and RDW levels showed a statically significant difference between the two groups. The cut-off value of NLR was 1.98 (AUC :0.701, sensitivity: 66.4%, specificity: 64%) and 12.95 as cut-off value of RDW (AUC: 0.7, sensitivity: 69.4%, specificity: 62%).
Conclusions: The present study suggests that NLR, PLR and RDW may be useful as potential screening markers in dyspeptic patients. Also, These Blood parameters even without the presence of alarm signs and symptoms might alert physicians and lead them to perform an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and thereby increasing the early detection rate
Fertility Challenges in Young Women With Breast Cancer in Ardabil Province in 2020
No full textBackground: Having breast cancer at a young age, in addition to the many problems associated with the disease itself, may disrupt the normal course of life in terms of fertility and face the patient with challenges regarding menopausal symptoms and the possibility of losing fertility.
Aim:to evaluate fertility challenges in young women with breast cancer in ardabil province in 2020
Methods and meterials: A cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was performed on 139 women under the age of 45 with breast cancer. Perceived fertility challenges in six areas of "fertility potential", "partner disclosure", "child health", "personal health", "acceptance", and "becoming pregnant" were assessed using the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software, v.25 using independent t-test and analysis of variance.
Results: The mean age of patients was 37.55±5.95 years. Patients score on the subscales was as follows: fertility potential 8.60±1.57, partner disclosure 7.22±1.58, child health 8.55±2.63, personal health 8.97±1.95, acceptance 7.57±1.72, and becoming pregnant 7.59±1.48. There was a significant relationship between subscale of personal health with patient education (P=0.049), husband education (P=0.048), menstrual status (P=0.007), and economic status (P=0.025); between subscales of fertility potential and acceptance with number of children (P=0.033 and P<0.001, respectively); and between subscales of child health and personal health with other treatments (P=0.008 and P=0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: The findings showed that the highest perceived fertility challenges in young women with breast cancer in Ardabil province were related to the areas of personal health, fertility potential, child health, becoming pregnant, acceptance, and partner disclosure, respectively. The patient and husband’s higher education, having menstrual cycle, not using chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy, and better economic status, were significantly related to the less perceived challenge in the subscale of personal health. Having a child was significantly associated with a lesser perceived challenge in the subscales of fertility potential and acceptance. Absence of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy was significantly associated with a lesser perceived challenge in the subscale of child health
Prevalence of infectious abortion and its complications in pregnant women hospitalized in Ardabil city hospital during 2011-2018
No full textBackground: Infectious abortion and its mortality is one of the most serious health threats to women. Infectious abortion with high prevalence rate is more accessible in many of developing countries. The aim of current study, was to investigate the prevalence of infectious abortion and its complications in pregnant women hospitalized in Ardabil city hospital during 2011-8.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study which done on pregnant women with symptom of infectious abortion who admitted to Alavi hospital in Ardabil city during the years 2011-2018. Data collected by a checklist including demographic and clinical information and then analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 20.
Results: The rate of infectious abortion in this study was 40 people per 50,000 live births. The mean age of the studied women was 32.58±5.35 years. The highest number of infectious abortion was related to the women in the gestational age group over 13 weeks (50%). Most of women with 80% had fever and 52.5% of women had an open cervix at the time of referral. Complications of infectious abortion included peritonitis, uterine rupture, septic shock, and DIC.
Conclusions: Results showed that the rate of infectious abortion in this study was 22.5% that generally due to manipulation by methods such as curettage, drug use and its side-effects. By considering the average age of women about 32 years and problems related about pregnancy, so programing and training in this themes could prevent many of these problems in pregnant women in future
Comparing the Accuracy of Three Electronic Apex Locators Raypex5, Novapex, Dentaport ZX in Determining The Length of Mesiobuccal Canal of First Mandibular Molar (in vitro)
No full textTitle: Comparing the Accuracy of three types of apex locators Raypex 5, Novapex , Dentaport ZX in determining the length of mesiobuccal roots of first mandibular molar inferior jaw.(in vitro)
Introduction: Determining the canal length is an essential step in root canal treatment of both permanent and primary teeth. Usually, a radiograph is taken to measure the canal length, However, it requires the patient’s cooperation and also it is associated with the adverse effects of radiation therapy. Apex locators can be considered as an efficient alternative for this purpose, therefore, this study was performed to compare three types of apex locators Raypex5 , Novapex , Dentaport ZX with radiography in measuring the length of the mandibular permanent molar’s mesiobuccal canal.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 72 mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars with root canal curvatures of about 20-30 degrees were selected.
After disinfecting teeth with 10% formalin solution, the teeth were kept in %0.5 chloramine T solution until the study. Access cavity was prepared, and the pulp tissue was removed by barbed broach.
The actual length of the root canal was determined by measuring the distance from the stopper to the tip of a number 15 file using an Endometer, after reducing 0.5 mm. Then root canal length obtained by apex locators Raypex5,Novapex,Dentaport ZX on different days was compared with radiographs and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test(ANOVA) and paired t-test at an error level of less than 0.05 in SPSS 24.
Results: No significant differences were found between the working lengths measured by three apex locators and the actual working lengths. There were significant differences between the working lengths measured by three apex locators and periapical radiography.
Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences between the working lengths obtained by three apex locators and the actual working lengths
Epidemiology of Visceral Leishmaniasis with Emphasis on the Dynamic Activity of Sand Flies in an Important Endemic Focus of Disease in Northwestern Iran
Get PDFBackground: Leishmaniasis diseases are known to be one of the most important public health problems in World and Iran. Visceral leishmaniasis is considered to be the most serious form and transmitted by sand flies species. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic activities of sandflies in northwestern Iran. Methods: This crass-sectional study was conducted from April to December 2018 in Meshkinshahr County, Ardabil Province. Sticky traps have been used to collect sand flies. They are stored in 70% alcohol and finally identified using valid keys. The aspects of the synoptic information were inquired from the Meshkin Shahr weather department and results analyzed for SPSS24. Results: Totally 259 sandflies were collected during study period. From collected samples 78.7% were male and 21.3% female. There were 8 different species. Phlebotomus kandelakii was the most prevalent one (30.8%). The average tem-perature, relative humidity, and average wind speed was 13.5 °C, 84%, and 2 meters per hour on the onset of sandflies’ activity, respectively. These values were 18.3 °C, 85% and 1.5 meters per hour at the peak of their activity and 16 °C, 62% and 5 meters per hour at the final stage of their activity. Sand flies had one peak in July which is strongly influ-enced by temperature and humidity conditions. Two species of Ph. kandelakii and Phlebotomus perfilewi transcaucasi-cus, had the highest activity in this endemic area. Conclusion: The results of current study will provide a guideline for control of diseases in the country