Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Prevents Deleterious Effects of Erythromycin on Mitochondrial Function in Rat Heart Isolated Mitochondria
No full textSince erythromycin (ERY) is a risk factor for cardiotoxicity through mitochondria pathway. In the current study, we tested this hypothesis that erythromycin could impair mitochondrial function and oxidative stress and 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D3 (calcitriol) treatment could prevent these effects in rat heart isolated mitochondria. Rat heart mitochondria were isolated with mechanical lysis and differential centrifugation. Then isolated mitochondria were first pretreated with 3 different concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D3 (2.5, 5 and 10 µM) for 5 minutes at 37 °C, after which erythromycin (10 µM) was added to promote deleterious effects on mitochondria. During 1 hour of incubation, using by flow cytometry and biochemical evaluations, the parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation (LP) was evaluated. The results showed that erythromycin (10 µM) caused a significant change in mitochondrial function, ROS formation, mitochondrial swelling, MMP collapse, increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D3 (10 µM) reverted the effect of erythromycin on the parameters tested. In this study, we showed that erythromycin impairs mitochondrial function and induces mitochondrial toxicity in rat heart isolated mitochondria, which were reverted by calcitriol. These findings suggest that 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D3 may be a preventive/therapeutic strategy for cardiotoxicity complications caused by erythromycin
Magnetic silica nanoparticle-supported copper complex as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of novel triazolopyrazinylacetamides with improved antibacterial activity
No full textA novel superparamagnetic iron oxide modified with copper via 2-aminobenzamide is synthesized by the modification of Fe3O4@SiO2 with amine, followed by the reaction with isatoic anhydride. The catalyst is fully characterized by various methods. The catalytic activity of the catalyst is evaluated in the synthesis of a series of novel N-alkyl-2-aryl-2-(6-oxo-6,7-dihydro[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5(4H)-
yl)acetamide analogs. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds is evaluated. The catalyst is recoverable and shows excellent reusability in 10 sequential runs
Environmental Variables Associated with Distribution of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Dogs in Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease that currently occurs in some parts of Europe,
Asia, Africa, and America. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the canine visceral leishmaniasis in
dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in northwestern Iran.
Methods: The data were collected from 1994 to 2018 in Ardabil Province from electronic databases. An extensive
literature search was conducted in different international and national databases, including Cochrane,
MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Iran Medex to find articles with the words “visceral leishmaniasis
in Ardabil” in their titles, and “canine visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil” or “accidental reservoir hosts
of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil” in their subtitles, irrespective of the type and duration of study. The GIS
software and MaxEnt model were used to determine the ecologically suitable niches for the disease.
Results: In total, 9088 dogs were examined, and the overall prevalence rate of CVL in dogs was estimated to
be 14.56%. The most ecologically suitable areas of CVL occurrence were identified in four hotspots in Meshkinshahr,
Germi, and two spots in Parsabad counties. The results of jackknife test showed that the environmental
and climate variables with the highest gain, when used in isolation, were Isothermality, Bio3, Bio13, and Bio
4.
Conclusion: A widely epidemic CVL has emerged among dogs, making a lot of risks on inhabitants of this area
and increasing the probability of an outbreak of VL in humans
The efficacy of sono-electro-Fenton process for removal of Cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and evaluation of toxicity of effluent by microorganisms
No full textThe increasing use of antibiotics by humans and their persistence in the environment leads to the development of drug resistance, which is nowadays considered as an environmental problem. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of sono-electro-Fenton process for removal of Cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and to evaluate the toxicity of effluent by microorganisms. In the present study, the degradation of synthetic wastewater containing Cefixime was investigated in a reactor (with a useful volume of 1 L) located in the chamber of the ultrasonic device. The effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, voltage, initial antibiotic concentration, and electrolysis time were investigated using the Box-Behnken model, and the optimal conditions for elimination were obtained by analyzing the variance. The performance of the electro-Fenton and ultrasonic process was evaluated separately and in combination under optimal conditions. Toxicity of inlet and outlet was tested by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and growth inhibition percentage was calculated. The intermediates were determined by LC-MS with the lowest molecular mass. The results showed that the sono-electro-Fenton process under optimum conditions, including pH of 3.07, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.85 mL/L, voltage 15 volts, initial antibiotic concentration 10.4 mg/L and electrolysis time of 81.5 min has a percentage of removal of 97.5%. Under optimum conditions, the percentage of removal by electro-Fenton and ultrasonic separately were 81.7% and 9%, respectively, and in the hybrid process of sono-electro-Fenton, the percentage of removal increased to 97.5%. The results also showed that the biological toxicity of the outlet effluent from the sono-electro-Fenton process, compared to the inlet solution, was significantly reduced. So, we conclude that the Sono-electro-Fenton process has a significant effect on the removal of Cefixime from aqueous solutions and can also significantly reduce the biological toxicity of the effluent
Antibiotic resistance patterns and prevalence of class I, II and III Integrons among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Get PDFKlebsiella pneumoniae is a well-known pathogen and contributes to different types of infection. To investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles and prevalence of class I, II, and III integrons among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, a total of 142 non-duplicate clinical isolates were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to identify class I, II and III integrons. The isolates were mostly resistant against streptomycin (62 strains, 43.7%) and ceftriaxone (42 strains, 29.6%). Twenty-six (18.3%) isolates were found to be multi-drug resistSUMMARY ant (MDR). Class I and II integrons were detected in 65 isolates (45.8%) and 1 (0.7%) isolate, respectively. The findings of this study revealed that the prevalence of streptomycin-resistant isolates is high, and its use must be restricted. Also, our results revealed that class I integrons are widely prevalent in clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and a significant association was observed between resistance against imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and streptomycin and the presence of integrons, necessitating appropriate infection control programs
How the COVID-19 pandemic effected economic, social, political, and cultural factors: A lesson from Iran
Get PDFThe members of the coronavirus (CoV) family refer to
infectious disease, which refer to CoV flu, CoV pneumonia,
or a respiratory syndrome. COVID-19 causes various
contagious diseases, such as the Middle East respiratory
syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS), which causes common strains of the cold. CoVs
are of the new diseases of the respiratory system (Chen
et al., 2020), which is a subset of the sizable Coronaviridae
family, belonging to the genus Nidovirales (Plant et al.,
2013). The term “coronavirus” originates from the Latin
word “corona,” which means crown or halo (Hindson,
2020). The corona word refers to the appearance of virions
(the infectious form of the virus), as is seen under an electron
microscope. This virus has a large, onion-like margin
and is reminiscent of a picture of a royal crown or solar
crown. Hence, CoV refers to “crowned virus” as well
(Shuja et al., 2020)
A Survey on Efficiency of Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems and Activated Sludge for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Consumption of dissolved oxygen by organic substances in water resources result in undesirable environment for living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of natural wastewater treatment systems and activated sludge for municipal wastewater treatment.
Methods: This one year-cross-sectional study was conducted on wastewater treatment plants in Kermanshah province. During the study, sampling of raw sewage and effluent of treatment plant was carried out and the efficiency of treatment plant was evaluated by measuring TSS, BOD5 and COD. All the sampling and testing procedures were adopted from the standard method.
Findings: The results showed that the annual average of BOD5 in effluent for Wetland, stabilization pond, extended aeration and conventional activated sludge was 55, 25, 21 and 23 mg/l respectively. Also the annual average was 143, 43, 40 and 40 mg/lfor COD, and 47, 101, 40 and 33 mg/l for TSS, respectively. For COD removal the conventional activated sludge (86.97%) and Wetland (61.6%) were the most efficient and least efficient systems. For BOD5 removal the stabilization pond (85.18%) and Wetland (72.01%) were the most efficient and least efficient systems. The BOD5 / COD ratio in influent were respectively 0.56, 0.62, 0.59 and 0.55 in these systems.
Discussion and Conclusion: In all of the mentioned wastewater treatment systems, the effluent parameters comply with the Iran environmental protection agency standards and it can be reused or discharged to water bodies. Also it can be concluded that, for above-mentioned parameters the removal efficiency of natural systems was more than activated sludge
Effects of adolescent administration of fluoxetine on novel object recognition memory, anxiety-like behaviors, and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor level
No full textAims
Fluoxetine (FLX) is a common selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, which is used in adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Controversial results have been obtained in different studies about the effects of FLX on cognitive functions. The present study was designed to examine the effects of chronic FLX exposure during adolescence on cognitive function, anxiety-like behaviors, and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression among adult male and female rats.
Main methods
The sex-dependent effects of FLX chronic administration during adolescence (5 mg/kg/day, gavage) on short-term novel object recognition memory (NORM), anxiety-like behaviors, and BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus were examined. NORM and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by novel object recognition, open field, and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests, respectively. The expression of BDNF mRNA was also evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Key findings
The present findings revealed the dysfunction of short-term NORM among the adolescent male and female rats exposed to FLX, while the mRNA expression of BDNF was significantly higher among the males. Moreover, adolescent FLX administration had different effects on the anxiety-like behaviors of the male and female rats. Adolescent FLX treatment also decreased the body weight of the male animals.
Significance
In conclusion, adolescent FLX treatment impairs cognitive functions in both sexes and increases BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus of the male animals. FLX administration during adolescence has sex-dependent effects on anxiety-like behaviors. These findings indicate that the impairment of cognitive functions can occur following the adolescent manipulation of the serotonergic system. Therefore, the side effects of chronic FLX administration during adolescence should be more considered
Evaluation of the rate of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
No full textBackground: Radiotherapy is frequently used in patients with breast cancer and its effect on tumor control is undeniable. But despite its positive effects, it may cause some iatrogenic side effects, including thyroid and parathyroid disorders.
Aim: To evaluate the rate of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Methods and meterials: This study was a cross-sectional one. Initially, 70 women with breast cancer who registered in the cancer registration system and referred to the oncology-radiotherapy clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil during 2019 and received radiotherapy after surgery were included in this study. One patient was excluded from the study due to brain metastasis. Serum levels of TSH and Free T4 were evaluated for hypothyroidism and serum levels of Ca, P and PTH were evaluated for hypoparathyroidism before radiotherapy and 6 months and 12 months after radiotherapy in all patients.
Results: The mean age of patients was 54.3±6.4 years. There were no cases of hypothyroidism before radiotherapy, while there were 9 cases of hypothyroidism in 6 months after radiotherapy (1 clinical and 8 subclinical, 13% in total) and 6 cases of hypothyroidism in 12 months after radiotherapy (1 clinical and 5 subclinical, 8.7% in total). The hypothyroidism rate was statistically significant in both 6 months (P = 0.003) and 12 months (P = 0.028). There were no cases of hypoparathyroidism before and after radiotherapy. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone at 6 months (P = 0.017) and 12 months (P = 0.040) after radiotherapy had a significant increase compared to before radiotherapy, while changes in serum calcium and phosphorus levels after radiotherapy were not significant.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that hypothyroidism after radiotherapy is a relatively common finding in women with breast cancer; Also, serum levels of parathyroid hormone were significantly increased after radiotherapy. Therefore, it is recommended that all patients undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer be screened regularly for thyroid and parathyroid function
Efficacy of orlistat in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver
Get PDFBackground: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a reversible condition of fat accumulation that is associated with liver inflammation and can disrupt the normal activity of the liver. People with a diagnosis of NAFLD have a higher risk of all- cause mortality than the general population. The purpose of the present study was to determine, the efficacy of orlistat in the treatment of patients with NAFLD.
Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed on 45 fatty liver patients of the gastroenterology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil city in April 2016 to April 2017. Data was collected by a checklist which included demographic and clinical data such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol and result of ultrasound before and after orlistat consumption.
Results: The mean decrease in the variables examined was as follows: weight 8.3 kg, BMI 3.5 kg/m2, ALT 31.6 U/l, AST 18.1 U/l, cholesterol 15.5 mg/dl and TG 33.1 mg/dl. All of the upper indexes were decreased significantly following received drug.
Conclusions: Orlistat therapy was associated with significant decreases in ALT, AST, TG and cholesterol level. Orlistat is effective in weight loss, body mass index reduction and can be used to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease