Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Epidemiological situation and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in the Republic of Azerbaijan
No full textAbstract Rising risk factors have made leishmaniasis a
growing public health problem in many countries around
the world. While some risk factors are associated with a
specific eco-epidemiological unit, others affect all forms of
leishmaniasis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the
epidemiological situation of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), to
determine the distribution of VL areas and to improve the
epidemiological surveillance system against VL. In this
cross-sectional study, the data on VL cases were collected
from local health centers in the Republic of Azerbaijan in
2014–2018 to establish a geodatabase using ArcGIS10.4.
Data analysis was conducted using SPSS25 and ArcMap
Spatial Analyst. The prevalence of the disease was calculated
as 1.7 per 100,000 populations in this period. Two
hotspots were found in Berde and Terter regions of the
Republic of Azerbaijan with 14.70% and 14.12% of total
cases, respectively. There was an increase in the incidence
rate of VL in the Republic of Azerbaijan from 0.63 in 2014
to 4.31/1,000,000 per populations in 2018. There was no
spatial autocorrelation between the county and the total
number of cases (P[0.05). According to the derived
distribution maps, the disease is spreading to new locations
in central and northwest parts of the country. The number
of cases increased from 2014 to 2018 fivefold. Therefore,
due to the endemic nature of the disease in some parts the
Republic of Azerbaijan, increasing physicians’ awareness,
especially pediatric specialists of the disease, and conducting
control measurements in these regions are
recommended
Monogenic Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder Associated with Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity
No full textBackground: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
is the most frequent primary immunodeficiency disorder
mainly characterized by recurrent bacterial infections besides other immunological defects including loss of or dysfunction of B cells and decreased immunoglobulin levels. In
this study, our aim is to evaluate clinical, immunological, and
molecular data of patients with a primary clinical diagnosis
of CVID and autoimmune phenotype with a confirmed genetic diagnosis. Methods: Among 297 patients with CVID,
who were registered in the Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry at Children’s Medical Center Hospital in Iran, 83
patients have been genetically examined and 27 patients
with autoimmunity and confirmed genetic mutations were
selected for analysis. Whole-exome sequencing and confirmatory Sanger sequencing methods were used for the study
population. A questionnaire was retrospectively filled for all
patients to evaluate demographic, laboratory, clinical, and
genetic data. Results: In the 27 studied patients, 11 different
genetic defects were identified, and the most common mutated gene was LRBA, reported in 17 (63.0%) patients. Two
patients (7.7%) showed autoimmune complications as the
first presentation of immunodeficiency. Eleven patients
(40.7%) developed one type of autoimmunity, and 16 patients (59.3%) progressed to poly-autoimmunity. Most of the
patients with mono-autoimmunity (n = 9, 90.0%) primarily
developed infectious complications, while in patients with
poly-autoimmunity, the most common first presentation
was enteropathy (n = 6, 37.6%). In 13 patients (61.9%), the
diagnosis of autoimmune disorders preceded the diagnosis
of primary immunodeficiency. The most frequent autoimmune manifestations were hematologic (40.7%), gastrointestinal (48.1%), rheumatologic (25.9%), and dermatologic
(22.2%) disorders. Patients with poly-autoimmunity had
lower regulatory T cells than patients with mono-autoimmunity. Conclusion: In our cohort, the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders preceded the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency in most patients. This association highlights the
fact that patients referring with autoimmune manifestations
should be evaluated for humoral immunit
Efficacy and clinical predictors of response to rTMS treatment in pharmacoresistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): a retrospective study
Full text linkBackground: Application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been promising and approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018, but effects differ between patients. Knowledge about clinical predictors of rTMS response may help to increase clinical efficacy but is not available so far. Methods: In a retrospective study, we investigated the efficacy of rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or supplementary motor area (SMA) in 65 pharmaco-resistant OCD outpatients recruited for rTMS treatment from July 2015 to May 2017. Patients received either SMA rTMS (n=38) or bilateral DLPFC rTMS (n=27) in case of reporting higher affective and depressive symptoms in addition to the primary OCD symptoms. OCD symptoms and depression/anxiety states were measured at baseline (before the 1st session) and after the 20th session of rTMS. Additionally, we performed a binary logistic regression analysis on the demographic and clinical variables based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) 3-factor and 2-factor models and individual items to investigate potential predictors of rTMS response. Results: Patients’ scores in Y-BOCS and Beck anxiety/depression inventories were significantly decreased following rTMS treatment. 46.2% of all patients responded to rTMS, based on the criterion of at least a 30% reduction in YBOCS scores. There was no significant difference between response rates of patients in DLPFC and SMA groups. No significant demographic predictors of rTMS efficacy were identified. The factors “obsession severity”, “resistance” and “disturbance” and the “interference due to obsessions” and “resistance against compulsions” items of the Y-BOCS significantly predicted response to rTMS.
Conclusions: In patients with less intrusive/interfering thoughts, and low scores in the “obsession severity”, “disturbance”, and “resistance” factors, rTMS might have superior effects. Identifying clinical and non-clinical predictors of response is relevant to personalize and adapt rTMS protocols in pharmaco-resistant OCD patients. Interpretation of rTMS efficacy should be done with caution due to the lack of a sham intervention condition
Evaluation of the Aerobic Bacterial Contamination of Students Gowns in Restorative and Endodontic Departments of Dental School of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2019
Full text linkIntroduction:
Research on microbial contamination of individual's clothings has shown a variety of microorganisms.The aim of this study was to determine the type and amount of aerobic bacterial Restorative and Endodontic Departments of Dental School of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2019.
Materials and Methods:
During the study period 30 dental students were selected by convenience sampling form restorative and endodontic departments.sampling was performed from three part of gown before and after tretment using moistened sterile swab.The colony forming unit were assessed and isolated bacteria were characterized by catalase and oxidase initial analyses.Statistical analaysis was performed using the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS software with version 18. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results:
The results showed that most of the bacteria observed in the endodontic and restorative part of Staphylococcus areus were Gram-postive bacteria that the colony size of this bacterium in the endodontic department was more than restorative.However,there was no statistically significant difference in the type of bacteria in the endodontic and restorative department ,but there was a significant difference in the amount of colony in the endodontic and restorative department.Also the results showed that most bacteria were observed in the breast sampling areas Staphylococcus areus,Staphylococcus epidermidis, were Gram-positive bacteria that had the highest bacterial colonies observed in the wristband students gown( P 0.05).
Conclusion:
Bacterial contamination of students gown is considerably increased after are kept clean and sanitary measures are undertaken by the dental personnel during treatment in order to reduce microbial contamination
Evaluation of Prevalence of Medication Errors in High Risk & Cesarean Section of Alzahra Hospital During 6 Month Period Study
No full textIntroduction: Medication errors are defined as failures during the treatment process that either cause harm to patients or have the ability to harm patients. Medication errors are problems that occur in hospitalized patients or patients who have concomitant underlying illness or who take multiple medications.
Method: This prospective study was performed during 6 months study at Tabriz Alzahra Obstetrics and Gynecology Training Center (under the supervision of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences). During the study period, patients' records, laboratory data, and physician instructions were reviewed by the clinical pharmacist in the morning and all errors identified were documented.
Results: uring the study period, 573 medication errors were observed in 200 patients. At least one case of medication error was observed in 82.5% of patients. The prevalence of medication error per patient was 2.86. Of the 200 patients studied, 35 were not found to be errors, and at least 165 were found in 165 patients. Most of the errors were of the "forget dose" type in the prescription phase (167 cases, 28.27%). Frequency of two other errors was "forgotten frequency" in the prescription phase and "adverse drug management" in the monitoring and control phase, respectively (70 cases, 12.21%) and (55 cases, 9.59%), respectively. The major drug error rate was related to antibiotics (19.72%). According to the US Guideline, 43.64% of the medication errors were clinically significant. According to the European Guideline, the highest drug error rate is due to a false dose of 36.63%
Clarification of Ageism in the Care System
Full text linkObjectives: The analysis of the concept of ageism will help us to achieve a similar, clear, and understandable definition of ageism in the care system. The aim of this study was clarification of the ageism in caring system.
Methods & Materials: We utilized the Walker and Avant’s model in this study. In a review of literature from 1969 to September 2018, sources were included on the basis of the definition, functions, properties, premises, consequences, and empirical referents of the ageism concept.
Results: According to our analysis, the main attribute of the concept of ageism is that the ageism is a discriminatory process towards the elders which can have a positive or negative aspect with a conscious and unconscious manifestation in the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components in three micro, meso and macro levels and can be self-directed or other-directed.
Conclusion: Since the concept of ageism in our country is relatively new and unknown, this concept analysis by clarifying the ageism, with understanding this concept in the care system, can improve implementation of more extent studies and development of research tools for identification of its barriers and facilitators and its execution
Five testicles in the genital area of a thirteen-month-old baby: a case report
Full text linkBackground
Polyorchidism is a congenital anomaly of the urogenital system and means more than two testes. It is a rare phenomenon, where there are no more than 200 reported cases in the literature. In this case, we report a 13-month year’s old case with five testicles.
Case presentation
We report a rare five testicles in the genital area of a 13-month-old baby. The initial diagnosis was undescended testis (UDT) based on ultrasound findings where a testis in the abdomen and a testis in the inguinal canal were detected. Surgery with general anaesthesia was performed to diagnose and treat this case. Before surgery, four HCG 1200u injections were administered. During the operation, it was determined that the case had had five testicles. Testicles were on the left in the proximal inguinal canal, and the sac hernia was ligated parallel to the inner ring. The patient was followed up several times after surgery by a urologist, and the results showed that there were no problems, and the intervention was uncomplicated.
Conclusion
Based on the result, it is not possible to diagnose such cases only by examination or ultrasound in infant patients, as the patient often presents with undescended testis (UDT), so the disease is diagnosed only through surgery
Outpatient visits by seniors under the Social Security Organization in Iran
Full text linkObjective (s): The aim of this study was to evaluate the outpatient visits of elderly people under the Social Security Organization (SSO) and to compare it with other age groups.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that used outpatient data of SSO in 2017. All data (14chr('39')418chr('39')911 cases) were analyzed after restoring and cleaning processes. SPSS software was used for data analysis.
Results: Findings showed that 6.5% of all outpatient visits were by elderly. The elderly group had been referred to outpatient services at an average rate of 6.8 times per year. Elderly people over the age of 85 years referred to physicians 48.1% more than children under the age of 2 year and this was 78.3% for elderly aged 65 to 85 years..
Conclusion: A considerable portion of the economic burden and costs of the health system under social security organization belong to the elderly group, which will continue to increase in the future. In this regard, it seems necessary to manage services demanded by this age group using appropriate measures
Periodontal Status Comparison Between Preeclampsic And Normal Pregnant Women
No full textPreeclampsia is a severe pregnancy disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure in the latter half of pregnancy, and proteinuria it also is considered one of the three [main] causes of maternal and fetal mortality globally. Numerous studies have suggested that preeclampsia could initiate or exacerbate periodontal diseases in pregnant mothers. Purpose of this study is to compare the periodontal parameters in pregnant women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant woman.
Background and Purpose
This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted in the second half of 2019. All the women was attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Alavi Educational and Medical Center in Ardabil. Sampling was performed randomly and sample size in each group was 40 pregnant women. Pregnant women in each group didn’t suffer from any systemic diseases that may either affect their preeclampsia or their periodontal condition.
Periodontal criteria includes clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), periodontitis index (PI), in all teeth except for the third molar and second distal molar, were measured in both research groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24 and Mann-Whitney U test in a value level of 0.05.
Findings
The average rank of all four periodontal criteria’s (CAL), (BOP), (PPD), (PI) were higher in pregnant women with preeclampsia than in healthy pregnant women, which this difference is statically meaningful (p<= 0.01)
Results
Present research indicates that periodontal diseases are more severe in pregnant women with preeclampsia
Evaluation of the protective effect of linalool compound in inhibiting renal damage caused by carbon tetrachloride in rats
Full text linkintroduction: Studies have demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in many tissues including the kidney and liver. The aim of the current study is to determine the protective effects of linalool against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Methods: Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6): Normal control (a regular diet); Linalool control (25 mg/kg linalool daily); CCl4 group (1 ml/kg CCl4 dissolved in olive oil, intraperitoneally at 14th day); pretreatment group (25 mg/kg linalool daily+CCl4 14thday); Silymarin group (100 mg/kg of silymarin as the standard drug). On the fourteenth day, all animals were sacrificed, tissue and blood samples were collected to analysis.
Results: Administration of CCl4 resulted in a marked increase in renal (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) markers. Also, CCl4 resulted in pathological damages, a significant increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde and a significant decrease in the levels of serum total protein, serum albumin, and antioxidants. However, in pretreatment group, linalool significantly inhibited CCl4- induced kidney damages.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that linalool has protective effects in an in animal model of CCL4-induced kidney injury, proposing linalool as a potential therapeutic agent against chemical and drug induced nephrotoxicity