Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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The dual role of mir-146a in metastasis and disease progression
No full textObjective:MicroRNAs are ribonucleic acids that are single-stranded and endogenous non-coding acids thatregulate gene expression in later stages of the translation process by binding to genomic regulatory sites.miR146a is mostly involved in the regulation of inflammatory systems and another process that role in the innateimmune system. In the present review, we have focused on the recent acquisitions about the main role played bymir146a in the control of the immune system and tumorigenesis. The main purpose of this review article is tosystematically investigate the mir146a and its role in regulating signaling pathways involved in cancer and theimmune system as well as its involved therapeutic methods.Methods:Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was conducted for all com-parative studies from 2000 to 2019 with the limitations of the English language.Results:For a notable period of time, researchers have mainly focused on the therapeutic mechanisms ofmir146a involved in the modulation of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes. We found that levels ofmir146a expression were associated with cancer cell metastasis as a dual role (Inhibitory and stimulatory roles).The results of various studies also showed that this microRNA has a therapeutic role through its effects on othergene expressions such as NF-kB, SIRT1, TNF-αand IL-1βand leads to disease control.Conclusion:Knowledge about alterations in mir146a regulation will give a better understanding of the molecularbasis for various chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers
Assessment of background radiation levels in the southeast of Iran
Get PDFBackground: Measuring background radiation (BR) is highly important from different perspectives, especially from that of human health. This study was conducted to measure BR in the southeast of Iran.
Methods: BR was measured in Hormozgan and Sistan-Bluchestan provinces using portable Environmental Radiation Meter Type 6-80 detector. The average value was used to calculate the absorbed dose rate and indoor annual effective dose (AED) from BR. In addition, excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the maximum and minimum absorbed dose rates were 71.9 and 34.2 nGy.h-1 in Abomoosa and Minab in Hormozgan province and 90.0 and 47.8 nGy.h-1 in Zahedan and Chabahar in Sistan-Bluchestan province, respectively. Data indicated that these areas had a lower BR level compared with the worldwide level. The ELCR from indoor AED was larger compared with the worldwide average of 0.29 × 10-3.
Conclusion: This study provided a reference for designing and developing specific regional surveys associated with the measurement of natural BR in the southeast of Iran
Knowledge and Performance of Professional Ethics among the Clinical Professors
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Clinical professors as practical models have a significant role in teaching professional behavior to medical students. This study aimed to determine the level of awareness and observance of professional ethics in physicians of hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 50 clinical professors working in hospitals affiliated to the Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were selected through self-assessment sampling. David Music's questionnaire was presented to professors after confirmation of validity and reliability. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics using statistical software.
Findings: The average level of knowledge and ability of physicians in different departments about professional ethics indicators was excellent in 91.7%, acceptable in 8% and 0.3% in the unacceptable level and the rate of application of professional ethics indicators by physicians in the Clinical environments were considered in 90.84%, excellent, in 8.7% were acceptable and in 0.46% unacceptable.
Ethical Considerations: After obtaining permission from the University's Ethics Committee, by expressing the research objectives for the participants, oral informed consent was obtained and information collected without mentioning the name.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in assessing by self-assessment method, the knowledge and application of professional ethics indexes among the professors of the different departments were optimal. However, effective educational and cultural interventions are required in some areas such as leadership skills, organizational and managerial skills, and the ability to initiate and innovate in delivering treatment to different patients
Serum Level of Anti-Toxoplasma Gondii IgG among the Individuals with/without Migraine
Get PDFIntroduction: More than 500 million people throughout the world are infected with Toxoplasma gondii. On the other hand, migraine is known as the most common pain syndrome. The aim of this study was to detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG in the serum of individuals with and without migraine.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 50 person (7 male & 43 female, in the age range of 20-60 years) with history and symptoms of migraine (case group), and 50 individuals (7 male & 43 female, in the age range of 20-60 years) without migraine (control group) were selected randomly. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from all the selected people, and the serum level of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. In this test, 10 IU/ml of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG was considered as the minimum titer. For statistical analysis SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL; Version 18 software and -Chi-square and t-tests were used.
Results: 38% of the patients with migraine and 32% of the control group had anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG above 10 IU/ml. The mean amount of anti-T. gondii IgG in the serums of case group was 173.42 IU/ml, while it was 68.25 IU/ml in the control group, the mean amount of Toxo-IgG in migraine positive group was 2.5 time higher than the amount in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study it is concluded that the serum level of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG in migraine positive persons is significantly higher than the migraine negative individuals. Therefore, it is recommended that the patients disordered with migraine be tested for chronic toxoplasmosis.
Sex-dependent effects of chronic fluoxetine exposure during adolescence on passive avoidance memory, nociception, and prefrontal brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression
No full textFluoxetine, a common antidepressant drug, is widely used for mental disorders therapy in adolescents. Previous animal experiments have indicated that exposure to fluoxetine during adolescence leads to persistent behavioral changes and neuroplasticity in the hippocampal formation and cortex which may continue until adulthood. Therefore, in the present experimental study, we examined the effects of chronic fluoxetine exposure (5 mg/kg/day, gavage) throughout adolescence (postnatal day 21–60) on passive avoidance learning and memory, pain sensitivity, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the prefrontal cortex of young adult male and female rats. Passive avoidance learning, memory, and nociception were assessed by the shuttle box and hot plate tests respectively. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to estimate the BDNF mRNA expression. Our data showed that chronic administration of fluoxetine had an increasing effect on passive avoidance memory in female animals. As well as, chronic fluoxetine treatment decreased latency of response to thermal stimulus in male and female rats. The mRNA expression of BDNF in the prefrontal cortex significantly increased in fluoxetine- exposed female rats.
In conclusion, chronic fluoxetine treatment has sex-dependent effects on passive avoidance memory and BDNF mRNA expression, but the pain threshold decreases in both sexes. Therefore, passive avoidance memory, pain sensitivity, and the BDNF level are influenced by the manipulation of the serotonergic system
Preparation and Evaluation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) Loaded with Repaglinide and Coated with Chitosan Polymer
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes is a disease that caused by continual high blood sugar level. Antidiabetic drugs are used to control the blood sugar level in type 2 diabetes. Rapaglinide is an oral antidiabetic drug that is practicaly insoluble in water and has a short elimination half-life time. Furthermore, the extent of bioavailability of this drug is low and so novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) were used to overcome these problems. Nanocarriers are of the most important examples of NDDS. In this study, it was tried to load repaglinide into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) with coated with chitosan polymer and then the effect of developing such structure has been investigated on physicochemical and biological properties of drug.
Methods: To preparthe NLC nanoparticles, two distinct ethanolic and aqueous solutions were prepared. The ethanolic solution contained lipidic components and the drug. The aqeous phase composed from water and surfactant/stabilizer. Next, the alcohol phase was pored dropwise into the aqueous phase under stirring condition. The effects of different parameters such as concentration of stearic acid, glyceryl mono stearate, oleic acid and tween 80, on quality, morphology and nanoparticles size was investigated and these parameters were optimized. After that, the properties of prepared nanoparticles were investigated by using various techniques including Fourier Transfer Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Gravimetric (TGA/DTA) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The concentration of repaglinide was determined and calibrated by spectrophotometric method (UV-Vis spectrometry). The drug release profile from pure drug and nanocarrier-loaded drug was determined using dialysis bag method. Furthermore, oral administration of drug to mouses was done and the effect of loading the drug on the blood sugar level of mices was evaluated through blood sampling from tail vein.
Results, discussion and conclusion: The size of nanostructured lipid carriers was verified in nano scale (less than 100 nm) diameters. Effect of various parameters on nanoparticles size were evaluated and based on the obtained results, increasing the stearic acid concentration (SA) lead to the increase in the lipid carrier particles size and furthermore increase in concentration of glycerol mono stearate (GMS) caused to the decrease of particles size. After optimizing of conditions and preparation of particles in nano scales, based on obtained FTIR results, the presence of electrostatic bonds indicated the chemical interaction between carboxylic group of stearate on the surface of NLC and amin group of chitosan polymer chains and therefore, formation of chitosan coating was proved. The results of TGA analysis represented that after loading thenanostructured lipid carriers loaded with repaglinide and coating with chitosan, the thermal stability and also the mechanical and chemical stabilities were increased remarkably. SEM images showed that nanostructured lipid carriers containing drug has spherical morphology and chitosan layer was located in the form of long strings around it. Releasing results showed that the release of repaglinide in chitosan-coated nanostructures lipid carriers is significantly slower than common nanoparticles without any coating and also the release of drug in this nanoparticles occurred in longer times rather than in nanoparticles without coating which were reached to steady level more quickly.The invivo study through oral administration of samples to mouses showed that simple repaglinide can decrease the blood sugar, but this effect in nano-repaglinide samples was significantly more than simple drug samples. Also, the duration of action of nano-drugs was longer than pure drug sample
Comparative evaluation of drug-drug interactions in ICU of educational hospitals of ARUMS in 2018,2019
No full textObjective: Drug interactions reduce therapeutic efficacy and increase the duration and cost of hospitalization so that patients are sometimes exposed to significant complications and even death. Patients in the intensive care unit are at risk of drug interactions for a variety of reasons, including impaired absorption, decreased metabolism, and renal failure. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparative study of drug interactions in hospitalized patients in intensive care units of educational hospitals in Ardabil province. The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate, diagnose and express drug-drug interactions in the treatment of hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit and to compare them between educational hospitals in Ardabil province. Therefore, a comparative evaluation of drug interactions in patients in the ICU of Imam Khomeini, Fatemi and Alavi hospitals was projected.
Material and Method: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, drug prescriptions for a specific number of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, including Imam Khomeini, Alavi and Fatemi hospitals in Ardabil, were studied. Patient information including age, sex, diagnosis, number of physicians, number of drugs, length of hospital stay, and status of patients' recovery or death were recorded in the research form. Then, using the online software up to date and the book Drug Intraction Facts, the interactions were checked and evaluated. Finally, the number of drug interactions per person, mechanism, onset of interactions, risk grade, types of intensity and reliability rate was entered the research form. They were then transferred to SPSS software and statistically analyzed.
Results: The number of patients studied was 355, of which 150 were from Fatemi Hospital, 150 from Imam Khomeini Hospital and 55 from Alavi Hospital. The average age of the patients were 51.88 ± 23.22 years. The average number of drugs received in patients were 8.45, the total number of interactions was 1605, and Imam Khomeini Hospital had the most interactions. Class X interaction was 1.4%, class D interaction was 26.2%, and class C interaction was 67.7%. The number of pairs of drug interactions was 499, of which Imam Khomeini Hospital had the most diversity with 350 types of interaction pairs. Conclusion: Drug interactions can have side effects on patients, which according to statistical data in general, increasing drug interactions can increase the length of hospital stay of patients and the mortality rate of patients. With the participation of the clinical pharmaceutical team, we can further control and reduce such drug interaction
Nurses' Interaction with Nursing Managers and its Affecting Factors
Get PDFBackground & aim: The ability of treatment staff to interact with each other as a single group improves effectiveness, reduces error and dissatisfaction, and provides optimal care. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more attention to issue of nurses' interaction with managers in therapeutic settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between nurses and managers and its influencing factors in Ardabil educational centers.
Methods: This was a descriptive- correlational study with 407 participants of employed nurses in Ardabil's medical- educational centers. The sampling method was stratified random sampling method. Leiden & Maslin's Leader and Employees’ Interaction Questionnaire, and demographic characteristics were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS v. 22 using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test).
Results: The results showed that most nurses had positive interaction with head nurses (82.1%), supervisors (59.2%) and nursing services managers (54.5%). There was a significant correlation between nurse-head nurse interaction and nurse- supervisor interaction with workplace hospital of nurses (p=0.024) (p=0.009). The results also showed that there was significant relationships between nurses-nursing services managers interaction with gender (p=0.02), workplace hospital (p=0.027) and work ward (p=0.048).
Conclusion: The finding showed that nurses had good interaction with nursing managers especially with head nurses. Male nurses working in dialysis wards and Imam Reza Hospital had the highest percentage of interaction with nursing managers. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to gender boundaries and to provide a suitable work environment for nurses to interact with managers as much as possible
Sunset Yellow degradation product, as an efficient water-soluble inducer, accelerates 1N4R Tau amyloid oligomerization: In vitro preliminary evidence against the food colorant safety in terms of a "Triggered Amyloid Aggregation"
No full textToday, Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the most prevalent type of dementia turns into one of the most severe health problems. Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT), mostly comprised of fibrils formed by Tau, is a hallmark of a class of neurodegenerative diseases. Tau protein promotes assembly and makes stable microtubules that play a role in the appropriate function of neurons. Polyanionic cofactors such as heparin, and azo dyes, can induce aggregation of tau protein in vitro. Sunset Yellow is a food colorant used widely in food industries. In the current work, we introduced degradation product (DP) of Sunset Yellow as an effective inducer of Tau aggregation. Two Tau aggregation inducers were produced, and then the aggregation kinetics and the structure of 1N4R Tau amyloid fibrils were characterized using ThT fluorescence spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), circular dichroism (CD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also, the toxic effects of the induced aggregates on RBCs and SH-SY5Y cells were demonstrated by hemolysis and LDH assays, respectively. Both inducers efficiently accelerated the formation of the amyloid fibril. Along with the confirmation of the β-sheets structure in Tau aggregates by Far-UV CD spectra, X-ray diffractions revealed the typical cross-β diffraction pattern. The oligomer formation in the presence of DPs was also confirmed by AFM. The possible in vivo effect of artificial azo dyes on Tau aggregation should be considered seriously as a newly opened dimension in food safety and human health
Iron depletion with deferoxamine protects bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
No full textBone marrow`s mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells with self-renewal properties making them an ideal candidate for regenerative medicine. Recently, numerous studies show that about more than 99% of transplanted cells are destroyed because of the stressful microenvironment. Meanwhile, in the target organs, iron overload can produce oxidative stress introducing it as the most important stress factor. This study was aimed at increasing of BM-MSCs viability against oxidative stress microenvironment using iron depletion by deferoxamine (DFO).
Mesenchymal stem cells are isolated and characterized from rat`s bone marrow. Then, the sensitivity of BM-MSCs against H2O2 -induced oxidative stress was evaluated through half of the inhibitory concentration (IC50) estimation by using MTT assay. The maximum non-inhibitory concentration of DFO on BM-MSCs was determined. The next step was the comparison between DFO pre-treated BM-MSCs and untreated cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis.
BM-MSCs were identified with morphologic and flowcytometry analysis. IC50 of H2O2 was determined as 0.55 mM at 4 hours. Also, the maximum non-inhibitory concentration of DFO was ascertained as 5µM at 48 hours. Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with DFO significantly potentiates BM-MSCs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress which confirmed by MTT assay, AO/EB double staining, DAPI staining, and activated caspase 3 quantification as well as western blot test. Expression of cleaved caspase 3 and pAKT/AKT ratio obviously demonstrated DFO can resist the cells against cytotoxicity.
These findings may help to develop better stem cell culture medium for MSC-based cell therapy. Moreover, regulation of cell stress can be used in practical subjects