Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Role of Chronic Inflammation as a Predictor of Upstaging/Upgrading in Prostate Cancer: Finding a New Group Eligible for Active Surveillance
Get PDFPURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the correlation between presence of inflammation and pathology upgrading/upstaging in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was accomplished on 315 patients with prostate cancer, eligible for active surveillance except prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (PSA<30ng/dL), who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2005 and 2015. Patients were divided into two groups based on needle biopsy: A; with evidence of inflammation (chronic prostatitis) and B; without inflammation. The frequency of upstaging and upgrading in both groups was compared in different ranges of PSA level (<10, 10-20 and 20-30ng/dL). Upgrading/Upstaging was defined as increase from one prognostic grade group to another. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the relation between inflammation and upgrading/upstaging. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 68.2 years and the mean PSA level was 10.2 ng/mL. Chronic prostatitis was identified in 82 of 315 cases therefore upgrading/upstaging were seen in only three patients (3.7%) while 39 of 233 (16.7%) patients without inflammation had upgrading/upstaging in final pathology (P = 0.003). Other variables including the patient's PSA before surgery, PSA density, and the presence of hypoechoic areas in ultrasound had a significant relationship with the incidence of postoperative upgrading/upstaging. Among studied variables, presence of inflammation in biopsies was found to be the most important predictor of upstaging/upgrading (OR: 0.205). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated that patients with concurrent prostatitis and PCa may have a better prognosis even if the PSA level is higher than 10ng/mL
Effect of preheating on the cytotoxicity of bulk-fill composite resins
Get PDFBackground. Due to the effect of pre-heating on the degree of conversion of composite resins and the possible effect on cytotoxicity, the effect of pre-heating of bulk-fill composite resins was investigated on cytotoxicity in this study.
Methods. In this study, three different types of composite resin were used, including Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fil, Xtrafil, and Xtrabase. From each composite resin, 10 cylindrical samples (5 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height) were prepared, with five samples preheated to 68°C, and the other five samples polymerized at room temperature (25°C). Twenty-four hours after polymerization, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay on human fibroblasts. Statistical analysis of data was carried out with two-way ANOVA and Sidak Post-Hoc. The significance level of the test was determined at 0.05.
Results. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean percentage of cytotoxicity in terms of pre-heating (P>0.05), but the cytotoxicity of the studied composite resins was significantly different (P<0.001). The cytotoxicity of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fil composite resin was higher than that of the two other composite resins.
Conclusion. Pre-heating of bulk-fill composite resin did not affect their cytotoxicity. In addition, the cytotoxicity of different bulk-fill composite resins was not the same.
Keywords: Cell survival, composite resin, tetrazolium salt
Explaining Nurses’ Perception of the Causes of Ageism in Hospital Settings
Get PDFObjective: Given the aging population increase, providing quality care to the elderly is one of the major challenges of health care systems. The purpose of the present study is to explain the perception of nurses about the causes of ageism in providing hospital care to the elderly referred to hospital settings in the city of Tehran.
Methods: The study utilized a qualitative design with individual interviews and with Conventional Content Analysis Approach. In this qualitative study, participants were selected through a purposive sampling method. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews with health care providers were conducted in the city of Tehran in 2018 guided by data saturation. All interviews were recorded and implemented and then analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman method.
Results: Analysis of data extracted from interviews divided into five main categories “patient related factors”, “care provider related factors”, “factors related to care provider system”, “socio-economic factors” and “ family related factors”, each of which was under positive and negative subcategories.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is a negative discrimination in the provision of nursing care services in the hospital settings, which is not a good predictor of good health care for the elderly. Therefore, it is recommended that culture-building, training and awareness-raising and proper planning be carried out in care settings to combat ageism
Synthesis and evaluation of antileishmanial effects of new1,4-dihydropyridin derivatives
No full textIntroduction
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by different species of Leishmania. To treatment of this disease is used from drugs such as glucantime, amphotericin B and paromycin that their side effects and drug resistance attracts attention to find new drugs against the parasite. In this study, in order to develop the pharmacological treatment of leishmaniasis, designed and synthesized a series dihydropyridine derivative by Hantzsch's reaction and investigated their anti-leishmania activity against the forms of Promastigot and Amastigot parasite of Leishmania major.
Material and Method
In the present project, designed, synthesized and purified a series of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. Then, their structural identification was performed by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and MS spectra. Their antiparasitic effects were investigated on standard strain (MRHO/IR/75/ER) of major Leishmaniasis.
Results
Compounds 2 and 7 showed the highest activity among 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives against amastigot and promastigot forms (IC50= 5.25 µg / ml) and (IC50= 5.43 µg / ml), respectively. Also, almost screened compounds showed slight toxicity against macrophages.
Conclusion
According to the results, the type of groups in para-phenyl ring of C4 position of dihydropyrimidine, lipophilicity character and the length of the easter chain of C3 and C5 postions of dihydropyridine ring had positive effect against forms of Promastigot and Amastigot parasite. Although the effectiveness of these compounds is lower than standard anti-leishmaniasis drugs, it can provide the way for designe of compounds with more effec
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Professional Scale in Iranian Nurses
Get PDFIntroduction: Professionalism is a fundamental concept in nursing. Today's society needs nurses who are able to accept and fulfill their professional roles. Specially, nurses of the intensive care unit are one of the most sensitive parts of the hospital and their behavior is very important. In order to measure their caring professionalism and the leveling of this process, there are instruments to be used in Iranian culture.
AIM: this study was aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Hall's Professionalism Scale (HPS) in clinical setting for Iranian nurses of ICU.
Materials and methods: Methodological study was carried out with 300 nurses of Intensive Care Unit in Iran. The criteria for selection of the participants was limited to the nurses who worked full time in ICU of the mentioned hospitals were available and interest to respond to data collection instrument. The cross-cultural adaptation of the Professionalism Scale was performed according to international standards, and its validation was carried out to be used in the Iran context by means of factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of internal consistency.
Results: All nurses who participated in the study worked in ICU with working experience of 6.77 ± 5.99 years and their mean age was 34.03 ± 10.3years.The results of the factor analysis revealed six factors including factor 1 (the scope of the Professional Association as reference) with a specific amount of 14.04, factor 2 (believing in the continuing competency) with a specific amount of 14.42, factor 3 (believing in self-regulation) 16.06, factor 4 (sense of commitment to the profession) has a special amount of 11.56, factor 5 (independence) with a special amount of 16.81, and factor 6 (believing in serving society) with a specific amount of 14.02. The correlation coefficient of Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal correlation of the instrument, which was 0.89 for all items.
Conclusion: This study showed that the translated version of the "Nursing Professionalism Scale" is a useful instrument for helping nurses and nursing authorities to understand the concept of professionalism and its impact on improving the clinical status of nurses, patients and organizations, and even clinical education of nursing students
Study on the role of miR-124-3p on the expression of neuronal and nonneuronal genes in the hair follicle stem cells
Get PDFBackground: Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) can be differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Different miRNAs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs. So, here, we decide to evaluate the exact role of miR-124 on the expression of non-neuronal genes CCND1 (cyclinD1), Tlx) NR2E1), RCOR2 (CoREST) and neuronal genes DLK1 ، MAP2 and NeuN (Rbfox3).
Material and Methods: This experimental study was performed on the stem cells isolated from bulge region of mouse vibrissa hair follicles. The hair follicle stem cells differentiated to neuronal cells and transfected with miR-124 mimic and inhibitor. Then, the mRNA levels of non-neural and neural genes were detected by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR).
Results: Our results showed that neural induction and miR-124 mimic transfection were significantly increased mRNA expression levels of neuronal genes MAP2, rbfox3 and DLK, but transfection with the miR-124 inhibitor were increased mRNA level of non-neural genes CCND1 (82.71) and NRF2E1 (962.07).
Conclusion: Our results showed that miR-124 promotes neuronal differentiation of HFSCs by targeting and inhibiting non-neural genes CCND1 and NRF2E1
Preparation of electrochemical biosensor for HE4 antigen detection
No full textIntroduction: Ovarian and breast cancers are one of the most common malignancies in the female reproductive system, which unfortunately have a high mortality rate. However, these malignancies can be further cured if diagnosed early. Early detection of such malignancies is difficult because there are no clear clinical signs in the early stages. Biomarkers are a good and relatively new method used to diagnose malignancies, evaluate treatment responses, and check for recurrence after chemotherapy. Human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) is a type of tumor marker whose serum levels can increase in ovarian and breast malignancies in the early stages. Laboratory tests and existing protocols to identify and measure different biomarkers to diagnose different diseases often require high equipment and costs. Biosensors are tools that can measure and detect a wide range of valuable clinical biomarkers. In this study, using a biosensor, we seek to diagnose and measure serum HE4.
Materials and Methods: First, the surface of the printed circuit board electrodes was modified using Lincoln Cysteine to allow the connection of the primary antibody. In the next step, the primary antibody was attached to the gold electrode surface. After preparing the magnetic nanoparticles attached to the gold, the secondary HE4 antibody was attached to it and in the presence of different antigen concentrations, their sandwich connection was checked and the resulting signals were recorded and the calibration curve was drawn.
Results and conclusion: In the present study, considering that the current flow rate has decreased in each stage, it shows the connection of antigen to antibody. The test was 3.7 micrograms per milliliter and the line detection range was 1-150 micrograms per milliliter. Due to the cheapness and availability of this method, it can be used to diagnose the disease early and evaluate the response to treatment and evaluate the recurrence of the diseas
Synthesis and evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of the new 6-membered heterocyclics (dehydropyridine and Dihydropyrimidine) on AGS and MCF-7 cells lines
No full textIntroduction and goal:
Cancer is a horrible disease that has been widespread in recent years due to lifestyle changes and increased exposure to pollutants.There is an increasing incidence of various types of cancer, stomach and breast cancer in Ardabil province.That makes it critical to find compounds that use to control this disease.
Chemotherapy is a constant basis for treating these two cancers.And recently, dihydropyridine and dihydropyridines, with many bioavailable effects, have shown anticancer effects that we hope. With great hardworking to synthesis some of these compounds in these groups until we can be able to inhibitecancer cells propagation.
materials and methods:
In this project, with dioxane and amine aromatics, they initially developed two beta-ketone precursors, and then by these substances, 9 derivatives of 1 and4dihydropyridine family and onedihydropyrimidine derivative was synthetysed, and all these driveties tested for cancer cell growth inhibition by MTT Methode.
findings:
Depending on the results of identification tests such as NMR, IR and MS, all synthesized structures are confirmed and evaluated for powerthe cytotoxic screening test was carried out, which eventually combines No. 4, 5, and 9 to best effect on cell lines (Ags and MCF-7).
Discussion and conclusion:
The excellent effect of Compound No. 5 due to the graet electronegativity of triflouromethyl phenyl substituent, optimum for molar weight, and higher LogP the rest of the compounds and the large number of hydrogen bands can pass through the membrane easily and get to the receptor. due to high electro-negativeity and the high amount of hydrogen bond can be intract greatly with the receptor, which increases the effectiveness and inhibition of cancer cell growth
Chemical Conjugation of rituximab monoclonal antibody and asparaginase for assessment of cytotoxicity on ALL cehhs
Get PDFIntroduction: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging classes of antineoplastic agents ccrrently administered to cancer patients. Of ADCs, antibody-enzyme conjugate (AEC) is finding increasing use as a novel ADC.
Methods: Here the conjugate of L-asparaginase (ASNase) and rituximab (Ritux) monoclonal antibody was synthesized using 3,3-Dithio-bis-(sulfosuccinimidyl) propionate linker. The resultant conhugate and its cytotoxic effects were demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and optical microscopy.
Results: DLS results showed that free asparaginsse and rituximab molecules respectively have the mean diameter of 3.4 and 10.2 nm. Upon conjugation with DSP, the average diameter of the conjugate increased significantly (13.6 nm). Moreover, zeta potential analysis proved the conjugation event; because zeta potential of free rituximab molecules (-3.7±3 mV) increased dramatically after conjugation with asparaginase molecules (+24±4 mV). Treatment of blood samples from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patientswith the conjugate resulted in the apoptosis but no necrosis of ALL cells, while normal blood cells were damaged slightly. Apoptosis and necrosis events and chromatin condensation images taken by optical microscopy represent that rituximab-asparaginase conjugate affects ALL cells specifically, and only the cells that overexpress CD20 are damaged.
Conclusion: This new method of conjucation can be used for efficient conjugation of monoclonal antibodies with enzyme and protein- based therapeutics. Howere, animal studies are recommended for finding effective dose and side effects
Results of Pediatric Kidney Transplants in an 8-Year Period: A Retrospective Study
No full textBackground: Patient survival and quality of life is better after a kidney transplant compared with dialysis. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the results of pediatric kidney transplants in an 8-year period in our center. Methods: We reviewed the files of 166 children and adolescents who had undergone kidney transplants between 2008 and 2015 in our center. All the patients were younger than 18 years old and had been followed up for at least 2 years. Results: The transplanted kidneys were taken from live donors in 146 (88%) of the cases and from cadavers in 20 (12%) of the cases. They were procured from unrelated and related donors in 129 (90%) and 17 (10%) of the cases, respectively. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was done on 141 donors. The kidney vessels were anastomosed to the aorta, the common iliac, and the internal iliac in 3.6%, 56%, and 40.4% of cases, respectively. Preemptive kidney transplants were performed on 62 patients. The mean of patient survival was 124 ± 1.37 months. One- and five-year patient survival rates were 99% and 97%, respectively. The mean of graft survival was 118.29 ± 2.47 months. One- and five-year graft survival rates were 94% and 93%, respectively. Preemptive kidney transplants had a higher graft survival rate (P < .02). Conclusion: Kidney transplant is a safe and feasible procedure in children and adolescents based on patient and graft survival outcomes. In our center, surgery complications led to kidney loss in very few cases