Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Mesalazine Induces Oxidative Stress and Cytochrome c Release in Isolated Rat Heart Mitochondria: An Analysis of Cardiotoxic Effects
No full textMesalazine is widely used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies reported that mesalazine-induced cardiotoxicity is a rare, potentially fatal complication. Mitochondria play an important role in myocardial tissue homeostasis. Deterioration in mitochondrial function will eventually lead to cardiomyocyte death and consequently cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mesalazine on rat heart mitochondria. Rat heart mitochondria were isolated by mechanical lysis and differential centrifugation. Parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release were evaluated. Results revealed that mesalazine induced a concentration- and time-dependent rise in mitochondrial ROS formation, inhibition of SDH, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release in rat heart mitochondria. These results indicate that the cardiotoxic effects of mesalazine are most likely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS formation, which finally ends in cytochrome c release signaling and induction of apoptosis
Comparison of the effect of two drugs paracetamol with intravenous ibuprofen in patent ductus arteriosus treatment
Full text linkBackground: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among premature infants that affects more than 40% of them. PDA treatment includes medical and surgical treatment. Most drugs used to block PDA are cyclooxygenase inhibitors (ibuprofen and indomethacin). The role of paracetamol as an alternative therapy in PDA ligation has been considered in recent years due to the potential side effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
Methods: Patients in the first group were treated with intravenous paracetamol at a dose of 15 mg/kg every 6 hours for three days and the second group was treated with intravenous ibuprofen at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg daily and 5 mg/kg for the second and third days. At the end of the treatment period (day 3), they underwent echocardiography again. If the echocardiographic findings indicated no closure of the arterial duct, patients were treated with the aforementioned drug for another period and rechecked at the end of the third day, and at each stage required information was collected.
Results: Arterial duct closure in paracetamol group was 96.7% and in ibuprofen group was 100%. The effects of both paracetamol and ibuprofen were similar in terms of renal parameters but in terms of effects on liver parameters. The effect of paracetamol on all liver parameters except aspartate transaminase (AST) was significant, but ibuprofen was able to affect only bilirubin among liver parameters and had no significant effect on both AST and alanine aminotransferase, parameters.
Conclusions: Results showed that both paracetamol and ibuprofen are effective in treating of PDA and had similar impact
The Relationship Between Job Burnout and Occupational Cognitive Failures in Nurses at Educational Hospitals of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Full text linkIntroduction: Job burnout is a common phenomenon in health care employees who need to deal with and witness people’s problems and expectations. By definition, occupational cognitive failures appear as problems in performing daily tasks like forgetting them or having difficulty in focusing on them. The present study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between job burnout and occupation cognitive failures in nurses of educational hospitals. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done in 2018 and consisted of nurses from the Ardebil Hospital (n= 2,250). Using the Cochran formula, 328 hospital nurses were selected from different units by simple random sampling method. The data were collected by two professional health experts through interviewing and completing demographic questionnaires, job burnout questionnaire, and occupational cognitive failure questionnaire. Statistical analyses was performed in SPSS19. Results: A total of 328 nurses participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 34±8 years, varying from 22 years to 58 years. Occupational cognitive failures increased with the increase in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; while it decreased with an increase in individual accomplishment. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between occupational cognitive failure and different dimensions of job burnout. In addition, different dimensions of job burnout (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal accomplishment) could be associated with possible errors in information processing (memory, attention, and functioning)
Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Full text linkBackground Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury- specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non- fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury- specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability- adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age- standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age- standardised incidence decreased non- significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age- standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high- burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care
Repeated transcranial direct current stimulation of dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex improves executive functions, cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation, and control over emotional processing in borderline personality disorder: A randomized, sham-controlled, parallel-group study
No full textBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is primarily characterized by deficient emotion regulation. Impaired cognitive control over negative emotions is central to emotion dysregulation in BPD. Respective executive dysfunctions are associated with hypoactivation of prefrontal regions, and consecutive alterations of fronto-limbic network functionality. Here, we investigated the effect of increasing activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on (1) executive dysfunctions and (2) whether improving cognitive control affects emotion dysregulation and emotional processing in BPD.
Methods
Thirty-two patients diagnosed with BPD were randomly assigned to active stimulation (N=16) or sham stimulation (N=16) groups in a randomized, sham-controlled, parallel-group trial. They received 10 sessions of active (2 mA, 20 min, anodal left- cathodal right DLPFC) or sham tDCS over 10 days. Major executive functions, emotion dysregulation, and emotional processing of the patients were assessed before and immediately after the intervention.
Results
The active stimulation group showed a significant improvement in major executive function domains. Importantly, cognitive reappraisal of emotion dysregulation and several factors of emotional processing involved in the control of emotional processing were significantly improved in the active stimulation group. Factors related to emotional expression were however not affected.
Limitations
The single-blind design, absence of follow-up measures, and the intrinsically limited focality of tDCS are limitations of this study.
Conclusions
Increasing activity of the DLPFC improves executive functioning in BPD and improves ´cognitive control over negative emotions. Cognitive control interventions could be a potential therapeutic approach in BPD
Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health among Iranian adult population: results from the PERSIAN cohort study
Full text linkBackground: Socioeconomic inequality in mental health in Iran is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess
socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health among Iranian adults.
Methods: The study used the baseline data of PERSIAN cohort study including 131,813 participants from 17
geographically distinct areas of Iran. The Erreygers Concentration index (E) was used to quantify the socioeconomic inequalities in poor mental health. Moreover, we decomposed the E to identify factors contributing to the observed socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health in Iran.
Results: The estimated E for poor mental health was − 0.012 (95% CI: − 0.0144, − 0.0089), indicating slightly higher
concentration of mental health problem among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults in Iran. Socioeconomic
inequality in poor mental health was mainly explained by gender (19.93%) and age (12.70%). Region, SES itself, and
physical activity were other important factors that contributed to the concentration of poor mental health among
adults with low socioeconomic status.
Conclusion: There exists nearly equitable distribution in poor mental health among Iranian adults, but with
important variations by gender, SES, and geography. These results suggested that interventional programs in Iran
should focus on should focus more on socioeconomically disadvantaged people as a whole, with particular
attention to the needs of women and those living in more socially disadvantaged region
Synthesis and characterization of anti-HER2 antibody-conjugated magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles
Full text linkDuring the cancer process of human cells, various morphological and genetic changes occur in the cell, and certain proteins may be more pronounced in different parts of the cell. The outer surface of the cell membrane is the site of expression of proteins that are of particular importance because of the free access of antibodies, and these biomaterials are known as biomarkers. An antibody can easily detect its own biomarker, but it cannot automatically generate a signal (electrical, chemical, electrochemical, optical, thermal, etc.) to track and measure. By connecting an antibody with signal-producing materials such as magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dot, which have good stability and produce a stable signal with an external stimulus, a reliable diagnostic probe can be obtained.
In this project, the magnetic nanoparticles were first synthesized by the hydrothermal method and a thin silicate coating containing quantum dot nanoparticles was created around it. This coating makes it possible to bind biomolecules, especially monoclonal trastuzumab antibodies. These nanoparticles are designed in such a way that in the presence of HER2 antigen, they have the ability to bind to this biomarker and after connecting the optical and magnetic properties of nanoparticles, it is possible to identify these nanoparticles. After preparing fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles attached to the trastuzumab antibody, the properties of the particle surface and their absorption and emission spectra and their magnetic strength were studied, and finally their binding and signaling strength in the presence of antigen was investigated
A comparison between the microleakage of Self-Adhesive Flowable Composite Resin and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer as coronal barriers in non-vital bleaching
Full text linkBackground and Aim:
Endodontic treatment is considered an etiologic factor in iatrogenic discoloration of teeth. The Walking Bleaching technique of non-vital tooth is a simple, reliable method for both patient and dentist. Evidence shows the pH of the root surface decreases following the application of bleaching paste which causes an enhance in the osteoclastic activity. Thus, usage of a protective barrier on top of root canal filling is recommended to prevent the microleakage of bleaching agents.
A new formulation of flowable composite has recently been introduced which is self-adhesive. Since no study up to this date, has observed the effect of self-adhesive flowable composite coronal barrier on prevention of microleakage in the walking bleaching technique, this study has been conducted.
Materials and Methods:
34 single-rooted, newly extracted Maxillary teeth which were from patients aged 45-65 with periodontal issues were selected for this study. Teeth were checked for any anomalies or severe caries and undergone root canal treatment and 2mm of canal filling material was removed for coronal barrier placement before the bleaching process. Next, they were divided into two experimental groups of 12 and positive and negative controls of 5. In one experimental group, Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (GC FUJI II) and in another, a layer of self-adhesive flowable composite (Kerr Vertise Flow) and on top of that, Microhybrid composite (Kerr point4) were used with the same 2mm thickness. In the negative control group, sticky wax was used to reach a complete coronal seal and in the positive control group, no barrier was placed on top of the root canal filling.
Following the placement of Cavit on teeth and incubation in 100% humidity and 37°c temperature, the process of walking bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Ultradent Opalescence Endo) was performed with the instructions of the manufacturing company in 3 rounds each with 3-day intervals and at the end, a 2% methylene blue solution was used to indicate the amount of microleakage inside the root canals of all samples. Buccolingual sections of all samples were prepared and observed with a stereomicroscope.
Results:
The mean microleakage in groups of 'Resin Modified Glass Ionomer', 'Self Adhesive Flowable Composite Resin', and 'Negative Control' was significantly lower than the 'Positive Control' group (P=0.001).
Also, The mean microleakage in 'Self Adhesive Flowable Composite Resin' group was lower than 'Resin Modified Glass Ionomer' but this difference was not significant (P=0.56)
The difference of mean microleakage between the 'Self Adhesive Flowable Composite Resin' and 'Negative Control' groups was not significant (P=0.04).
Conclusion:
The comparison of mean microleakage of experimental and negative control groups with the positive control group shows the placement of a coronal barrier has a noteworthy effect on reducing the amount of microleakage into the root canals in walking bleaching technique.
The insignificance in mean microleakage difference between the 'Self Adhesive Flowable Composite Resin' and 'Negative Control' groups shows the efficiency of Self Adhesive Flowable Composite Resin as a coronal barrier in walking bleaching technique.
The comparison of the mean microleakage between the experimental groups shows no significant difference and it can be concluded that both Self Adhesive Flowable Composite Resin and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer are suitable coronal barrier materials for walking bleachin
Quality of work life and work-family conflict: a cross-sectional study among nurses in teaching hospitals
No full textBackground The nursing profession is known to induce high levels of stress, and being simultaneously engaged in a stressful professional occupation and having a family life can lead to work-family conflict. Healthcare providers require recruitment and retention strategies that preserve nurses’ quality of work-life and mitigate work-family conflict.
Aim To investigate the relationship between quality of work-life and work-family conflict among hospital nurses in Iran, as well as the relationships between work-family conflict and quality of work life, and between age, professional experience, type of employment, work shift and marital status.
Method This cross-sectional study was conducted among 378 nurses working in six Iranian teaching hospitals, who were selected using random quota sampling. Data on age, professional experience, type of employment, work shift and marital status was collected. The study questionnaire was based on the 53-item Quality of Work Life scale and the 18-item Work-Family Conflict scale. Correlations were established using Pearson’s chi-squared and eta-squared tests.
Results A total of 93% of participants experienced moderate or high levels of work-family conflict and 83% had a low or moderate quality of work life. On average, the levels of work-family conflict and quality of work life were moderate. Quality of work life decreased with increasing work-family conflict.
Conclusion Healthcare providers can use these results to inform their recruitment and retention strategies. Nurse managers can mitigate any adverse effects of work-family conflict on quality of work life by offering staff interventions such as short training courses on how to manage work-family conflict
Polymer-based nanoparticles as delivery systems for treatment and vaccination of tuberculosis
No full textIn recent decades, various polymeric carriers with natural or synthetic origin have been studied for anti-TB drug delivery or vaccination. Despite the advantages of micron-sized carriers, due to special potentials of nanoparticles, these carriers have recently been under more attention in this field. Therefore, in this chapter, the polymer-based nanoparticles which have been studied for anti-TB drug delivery or vaccination are evaluated. These polymers mainly divided into two subgroups including synthetic and natural polymers. The most common natural polymers which are used as anti-TB drug delivery systems are including polysaccharide-based carriers (chitosan-, alginate-, and guar gum-based carriers) and polypeptide- and protein-based carriers (gelatin- and albumin-based carriers). There are several advantages for natural polymers, among them could be referred to being inexpensive and available, the biocompatibility and hydrophilic nature. Additionally, natural polymers have been used as good carriers in TB vaccine delivery. Among protein-based natural polymeric nanoparticles, albumin and among polysaccharides-based nanoparticles, chitosan/chitin and alginate showed several benefits for TB vaccine delivery such as enhancing the immune responses and improving the BCG-primed immunity. Despite the aforementioned benefits of the natural polymeric carriers, these polymers encounter some limitations such as batch to batch structural heterogeneity and developing some allergic reactions in humans. Other types of polymer-based nanoparticles, synthetic polymers, presented a good potential for anti-TB drug and TB vaccine delivery. Among the synthetic polymers used, PLGA has been the most popular type and most studies in the field of synthetic polymeric nanoparticles containing anti-TB drugs focused on this polymer. In addition, PLGA is one of the most common synthetic biodegradable and biocompatible polymers which has frequently been used as a delivery system in the development of new TB vaccines