Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Studying the characteristics of health educator and learner based on Islamic teachings: A narrative review
Get PDFIntroduction: Individual education is a two-way communication that requires proper observation from both learner and educator to create a targeted and successful relationship. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of educator and learner in health education programs based on Islamic teachings.
Methods: This narrative review study was conducted through studying the Islamic reliable sources and teachings of the prophet and Imams regarding health and well-being in 2018. The sources used for this study included first-hand resources, religious books and relevant articles in authoritative scientific databases including Magiran, Noormages and SID from 1998 to 2018. The used keywords were Islam, health, education, learning and education.
Findings: Based on the findings, the educator's characteristics included praising, respecting the personality of individuals, specialty and commitment, practicing on the given teachings, observing justice in education, piety, observing order and awareness and so on. Moreover, the learner's characteristics were careful listening, seriousness, taking notes, respecting to educator, practicing on what was learned, consulting and
so on.
Conclusion: From the Islamic point of view, the characteristics of educator and learner include cultural, moral and social principles. In the Holy Qur’an, God has set traits for educators and learners, and in fact, has not left them in teaching and learning without principles and guidance. It is suggested that the educator and learner’s characteristics should be provided for them in the form of booklets based on Islamic teachings before teaching
Assessment of Environmental Gamma Radiation (Outdoor and Indoor Spaces) in the Region of Bandar Abbas Gachine
Get PDFBackground: Ionizing radiation is present in all environment of the Earth’s sur¬face, beneath the Earth and in the atmosphere. Human beings are exposed to external radiation from their surroundings naturally and also to internal radiation from food, water and air they consume. Then, it is important to measure and develop knowledge about radiation.
Objective: This study is designed to evaluate the risks of radiation outdoors and indoors and in hot spring in Gachine area of Bandar Abbas.
Materials and Methods: The device used in this study was environmental radiation surveymeter. Indoor gamma radiation in Gachine area was carried out inside 115 dwellings. Measurement for hot spring waters was carried out at one meter above water level. Dose rates were recorded for an hour.
Results: Our results indicate the outdoor dose rate gamma radiation in Gachine area is higher than the global mean dose rate. Moreover, Gachine Bala has the high¬est outdoor gamma radiation (78.87 nGy/h) and Gachine Paien has the lowest gamma background radiation (71.62 nGy/h).
Discussion: This study demonstrates that indoor mean dose rate of gamma radia¬tion in this area is higher than the global mean dose rate. Estimated indoor mean dose rates were for Gachine Paien (110.58 nGy/h), Gachine Bala (111.83 nGy/h), Ship industry dwelling (109.30 nGy/h) and Jamal Ahmad (107.84 nGy/h). The highest dose rate above hot spring was obtained from Chostaneh (1320 nGy/h)
A Case Report of Adult Intussusception
Get PDFIntussusception is the most commen cause of intestinal obstruction in the young child less than 2
years old. The cause of intussusception is not clear between the ages of 6 and 24 months of age,
although one hypothesis suggests that hypertrophy of the Peyer’s patches in the terminal ileum
from an antecedent viral infection acts as a lead point. Peristaltic action of the intestine then causes
the bowel distal to the lead point to invaginate into itself. In children, we can reduce the bowel
with air or contrast enema. Intussusception is rare in adult and mostly due to tumural leading poit
that surgery is require
The impact of vitamin D3 intake on inflammatory markers in multiple sclerosis patients and their first-degree relatives
Get PDFBackground & aims
In our previous study, a Seesaw model was proposed for the fluctuation of crucial anti- (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (Il-6 & IL-17A) cytokines through vitamin D3. In this paper, however, it is intended to extend the mentioned model by assessing the expression mRNA levels of IL-27 and TGF-β1 as well as the changes of plasma levels of IL-27, TGF-β1, IL-17A, IL-10, and IL-6 after treatment by vitamin D3.
Method
Venous blood samples were drawn from Healthy Participants (HP, n = 25) and First-Degree Relative Participants (FDRP, n = 25) as control groups and Multiple Sclerosis Participants (MSP, n = 25) before and after eight weeks of supplementation with 50000 IU vitamin D3. The mRNA expression and plasma concentrations were gauged by using Real-Time PCR and ELISA assay, respectively.
Results
The mRNA surfaces of IL-27, as well as TGF-β1, were up-regulated. However, the plasma levels of TGF-β1, IL-17A, and IL-6 were significantly different among the three groups. In addition, the plasma levels of IL-27, TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-6 significantly changed following the administration of vitamin D3.
Conclusion
The findings of this paper illustrate that anti-inflammatory cytokines could have a key role in immunomodulatory functions due to their anti-inflammatory functions. To conclude, this might contribute to preventing the pathophysiological process of MS. Also, the proposed model could be used as a preventive way on disposed people to multiple sclerosis, particularly in first degree relatives of these patients
Comparing the effect of zinc gluconate and placebo in the treatment of tachypnea, dyspnea and fever in children aged 2 to 23 months with acute bronchiolitis
Get PDFBackground: Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants under 2 years and is one of the reasons for their admission all around the world. The aim of this study was comparing the effect of zinc gluconate and placebo in the treatment of tachypnea, dyspnea and fever in children aged 2 to 23 months with acute bronchiolitis.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study has been done on 100 infants aged 2 to 32 months with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis who divided in two groups. 50 patients received zinc gluconate and 50 patients received placebo. The symptoms and sign of the disease at baseline and then at 24, 72, and 7 days after starting treatment and duration of hospitalization were compared between the two groups.
Results: The treatment and placebo groups were similar in respect to mean age and gender distribution. Two groups were similar in terms of clinical symptoms and signs at the time of admission. Bronchiolitis recovery was better in the treatment group than in the placebo group. This positive effect was statistically significant for vising (p=0.023) and rhinorrhea (p=0.027) at 72 hours after starting treatment. The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly less in the treatment group than in the placebo group (4.14±1.21 versus 4.64±1.2 days; p=0.016).
Conclusions: Results showed that the use of zinc gluconate as a zinc supplement in infants with acute bronchiolitis could improve their clinical symptoms and signs and decrease the duration of hospitalization
Prevalence of Types of Corneal Astigmatism before Cataract Surgery
Get PDFPURPOSE: The current study was performed to analyze the prevalence and presentation patterns of corneal astigmatism types in cataract surgery candidates. METHODS: Preoperative corneal astigmatism were prospectively measured with Autokeratometer in 780 patients (1018 eyes) during the year (2018) in cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) candidates. Descriptive and analytical statistics of astigmatism severity and keratometric data were performed based on age and sex. RESULTS: A total of 1018 eyes of 780 patients were included in the present study, of which 445 (57.1%) were female and 335 (42.9%) were male. Of the 1018 evaluated eyes, 590 (58%) were female and 428 (42%) were male. The mean age of the patients was determined as 65.88 ± 11.43 years. The mean flat and steep-axis keratometric values were recorded as 44.75 ± 1.86 D and 43.82 ± 1.69 D, respectively. Women showed significantly steeper corneas. Based on LOCS III system, the types of cataracts were as follows: Posterior subcapsular 37.4%, nuclear 28%, cortical 1%, and mixed 33.6%. Types of astigmatism were as follows: 34.7% with-the-rule (WTR), 29.3% against-the-rule (ATR), 35.3% oblique and 0.7% had no astigmatism. A significant relationship of the type of astigmatism with gender and age group was observed (P <0.001), where the prevalence of WTR and ATR were found to be higher among women and men, respectively. The prevalence of WTR was higher among lower age groups, while the prevalence of ATR was found to be higher among older age groups. Furthermore, 70.8% of the eyes revealed astigmatism of at least 0.5 diopters, followed by astigmatism of at least 1 diopter (33.6%), astigmatism of at least 1.5 diopters (16.2%0, and astigmatism of at least 2 diopters (9.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The Findings showed a significant prevalence of astigmatism greater than one diopters in these patients. The results of the study could provide valuable data for cataract surgeons and IOL manufacturers regarding the prevalence and type of corneal stigmatism. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved
Designing, programming and production of a computer game and simulator for urban pharmacy and assessing its impact on pharmaceutical care training in pharmacy externship and internship
Get PDFObjective: Recently the role of information technology and computer based systems in improving education efficiency has been under attention and virtual education systems have been among the most effective and widely used ways to improve the quality of education in higher education institutions.
Game based learning is attracting considerable interest due to student performance, engagement and learning motivation. Challenging areas in the field of pharmacy education include inadequate physical space of educational pharmacies and limitation of students’ time to get qualified for being community pharmacists. Considering these issues we tried to provide a virtual environment to improve the level of education for pharmacy students. This paper is an overview of designing and production of a game-simulation named “Pharmacy Unlocked”, which can be used not only for educational purposes, but also for evaluating students’ academic level. Moreover, students’ feedback after trying Pharmacy Unlocked is reported.
Material and Method: After the introductory training courses, the game development document was expanded and the flowchart completed, then the design and modeling of medications and other objects needed for the interior layout of the pharmacy were paid. After completing the modeling process, the textures and materials were designed and executed, and after these steps, scene design and level design, lighting and color correction were carried out, respectively. Then, design of the different characters and clothes were done and the case scenario was written and the scoring system was defined. After the scenarios were completed, proprietary methods were developed to implement Rig and animation and the UI and 2D sections were designed. The next step involved programming, debugging, and finalizing Compile and Export. Finally, an evaluation form was designed and surveyed for job evaluation.
Results: This game made the players more interested in learning; it has the potential to increase learning efficiency and long-term content retention.
Conclusion: It is suggested that the game (Pharmacy Unlocked) can be used for educational purposes as well as students' academic level evaluation. It has the potential to be used as an evaluation tool in the universities & medical center
Prevalence of postural abnormalities and factors related with forward head abnormalitie in Ardabil elementary boys school students in 2019
No full textBackground: One of the most important and basic health issues is meeting the physical needs of students and their health. Research indicates the presence of stature abnormalities and deformities among students.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postural abnormalities and factors related to forward head abnormalitie in elementary school male students in Ardabil in 1398.
Methods and material: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Due to the prevalence of coronavirus, 397 samples of boys' schools in District 1 and 2 of Ardabil have been selected. A posture assessment checklist was used to collect information. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive statistical methods.
Results: In the present study, 379 elementary school male students were included in the study. Of these, 59 (15.6%) had a forward head complication. 49 of them were mild and 10 were moderate. Severe type not seen. Also 179 patients (47.2%) had asymmetric shoulder complication or shoulder prolapse. Of these, 186 (93%) had mild and 14 (7%) had moderate asymmetric shoulder complication and no severe type was seen. Low back complication was seen in 85 patients (22.4%). Among them, 75 patients (88.2%) had a mild type and 10 patients (11.8%) had a moderate low back pain and no severe type was seen. In 6 students (1.6%) flat back complication was observed, all of which were mild. Round back complication was seen in 89 students (23.5%). Out of 89 patients with round back complication, 85 (95.5%) had mild type and 4 (4.5%) had moderate round back complication and no severe type was seen. Two students (0.5%) had oblique back complication, both of which were moderate. Knee braces were seen in 51 patients (13.5%). 46 patients (90.2%) had a mild type and 3 patients (5.9%) had moderate to severe knee brace and 2 patients (3.9%) also had a severe type of complication. Crossed knee was observed in 19 patients (5%). All 19 cases of cruciate ligament complications had a mild degree. Flat feet were seen in 109 patients (28.8%). Among them, 89 patients (81.7%) had mild type and 6 patients (5.5%) had moderate flat foot complication and 14 patients (12.7%) also had severe complication type. 38 patients (10%) had a crooked thumb complication, of which 32 patients (84.2%) had a mild type and 6 patients (15.8%) had a moderate severity thumb complication and no severe type was seen.
Conclusion: The results showed that the most common disorder in students is shoulder drooping or asymmetric shoulder. In the next categories, flat feet, round back, low back, head forward, braced knee, crooked thumb, crossed knee, flat waist and crooked back are placed, respectively. It was also found that there is a statistically significant relationship between students' eye condition and shyness with forward head complication. However, it was also concluded that there is no statistically significant relationship between the history of neuromuscular diseases and headache
Investigating the Infrastructures and Opportunities of Export of Medicines to Azerbaijan
No full textThe economic, political, and geographical status of some of Iran's neighbors has provided potential opportunities and capacities for Iran. Such capacities can be used for accelerating Iran's economic development. Azerbaijan with a border of 765 km with Iran and many cultural similarities can be one of the best business opportunities for Iran due to its growing economic status and geographical location. Based on the World Bank, the GDP of Azerbaijan increased by 2/7% in 2019. The economy of Azerbaijan highly depends on oil and is based on the oil economy. In 2019, Azerbaijan had exports at 23/63 billion dollars and imports at 17/71 billion dollars that more than 90% of exports was obtained by selling oil. Different wars in Azerbaijan and international sanctions in the long term have caused the backwardness of economy in this country. With the increase of security and stability in Azerbaijan, the presence of more foreign companies, the Azerbaijani government and businessmen have inclined more to other countries. Thus, it is necessary that Iranian companies plan for their settlement, advertising, and quality control of their products immediately. Regarding the limited domestic pharmaceutical market in Iran to develop pharmaceutical production, balance the financial balance of pharmaceutical companies positively, and enter the global markets, the required planning should be made for pharmaceutical export. Azerbaijan is regarded as one of the gateways of pharmaceutical export to European countries, which can have a significant effect on the pharmaceutical export of Iran. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the infrastructures and opportunities for pharmaceutical export to Azerbaijan.
This thesis was conducted in five general steps:
1) Review published and authoritative texts and articles regarding the identification of challenges and opportunities
2) Interviews with experts to modify and complete a questionnaire identifying challenges and opportunities in the form of factors affecting drug exports from Iran to Azerbaijan
3) Preparation of a structured questionnaire of the factors affecting the export of drugs to Azerbaijan, extracted in the previous two steps
4) Interviewing experts using a structured questionnaire, with Likert scale tools and pairwise comparison
5) Analyze information, summarize and provide suggestions to increase drug exports from Iran to Azerbaijan
In this study, Azerbaijan’s pharmaceutical market and Iran's pharmaceutical export opportunities, as well as the current export challenges were achieved by reviewing articles and books and conducting interviews with pharmaceutical experts. After evaluating the infrastructures of Azerbaijan’s pharmaceutical system and examining the factors affecting the pharmaceutical export of Azerbaijan, it was found that some factors have prevented the success of Iran's pharmaceutical export. The factors related to the Market and sales, the factors related to Laws & regulations, and the factors related the Political-economic were identified as the most significant factors. Also, the sub-factors of the main factors affecting the export of medicine to Azerbaijan are studied and strategies to increase the export of medicine from Iran to Azerbaijan are mentioned in the text of the dissertation
Comparative comparison of FLAIR and DWI MRI images to evaluate the timing of acute ischemic stroke in patients referred to Alavi Hospital in 2019
No full textBackground: Due to the importance of the subject in early detection of symptoms and time of stroke and the lack of necessary studies and studies in this field, we decided to make a collation of FLAIR and DWI MRI images to evaluate the time of occurrence. Let's deal with acute ischemic strokes.
Aim: Collation of FLAIR and DWI MRI images to evaluate the time of onset of acute ischemic stroke.
Methods and material: This study was cross-sectional. all patients who referred to the hospital for the first time with a stroke in 1998 were studied. the inclusion criterion was 18 years and first time of stroke and the exclusion criterion was presence of brain tumor and subdural hematoma. Also, demographic information including age, gender, place of residence, level of education ... was extracted from his file. Finally, MRI of these patients who were imaged through DWI and FLAIR methods was included in the checklist. Data were entered into SPSS 22 statistical analysis software and analyzed using independent t-test and chi-2.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study, 70% of them were male and the mean age of the patients was 64.38 years. 64% of patients had hypertension and 39% of them had diabetes. Comparison of DWI and FLAIR results was significant if performed less than 12 hours after stroke. In this time range, 44 out of 56 patients (78.57%) were DWI positive and 17 out of 56 patients (30.36%) were FLAIR positive. In general, the comparison of the results of the two methods in 24-hour segmentation in patients was significant. These results were also significant in the 12-hour segmentation. FLAIR positive and negative timing showed that this type of imaging requires more time to be positive while this comparison is not significant for the DWI method. If DWI is positive, FLAIR method needs more time to be positive and also if FLAIR is positive, DWI method needs more time to be positive and these two correlations are statistically significant.
Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that the DWI method is better than FLAIR for detecting stroke as soon as possible. FLAIR positive and negative timing showed that this type of imaging requires more time to be positive while this comparison is not significant for the DWI method. If DWI is positive, FLAIR method needs more time to be positive and also if FLAIR is positive, DWI method needs more time to be positive and these two correlations are statistically significant