Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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The effect of ellagic acid on the inhibition of acrylamide-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human isolated lymphocytes
No full textIntroduction: Acrylamide (AA), is an important contaminant formed during food processing under high temperature. Due to its potential neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity effects, this food contaminant has been recognized as a human health concern. Previous studies showed that acrylamide-induced toxicity is associated with active metabolite of acrylamide by cytochrome P450 enzyme, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. In the current study, we investigated the role of oxidative stress in acrylamide’s genotoxicity and therapeutic potential role of ellagic acid (EA) in human lymphocytes.
Materials and methods: Human lymphocytes were simultaneously treated with different concentrations of EA (10, 25 and 50 μM) and acrylamide (50 μM) for 4 h at 37 °C. After 4 hours of incubation, the toxicity parameters such cytotoxicity, ROS formation, oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, lysosomal membrane integrity, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were analyzed using biochemical and flow cytometry evaluation.
Results: It has been found that acrylamide (50 μM) significantly increased cytotoxicity, ROS formation, GSH oxidation, lipid peroxidation, MMP collapse, lysosomal and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. On the other hand, cotreatment with EA (25 and 50 μM) inhibited AA-induced oxidative stress which subsequently led to decreasing of the cytotoxicity, GSH oxidation, lipid peroxidation, MMP collapse, lysosomal and DNA damage.
Conclusion: Together, these results suggest that probably the co-exposure of EA with foods containing acrylamide could decrease mitochondrial, lysosomal and DNA damages, and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in human bod
Synthesis of new 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole derivatives of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones and evaluation of their effect on AGS cell line via cell migration assay
No full textIntroduction and Goal
Gastric cancer is one of the malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract that, despite its decrease in recent years, is still the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Today, various methods are used to control and treat cancer, the most important of which is chemotherapy. In chemotherapy, chemical molecules are used to control cancer. Recent studies have shown that dihydropyrimidinone compounds are important structures in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to synthesize new 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazolyl derivatives of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones and evaluate their effect on AGS cell line (gastric cancer cells) behavior by measuring cell migration.
Materials and Methods
A number of new 4-aryl-6-methyl-N-(6-methyl benzo[d] thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamides were synthesized and structurally characterized, and then their effect on the migration behavior of human AGS cell line was investigated. Molecular docking studies on kinesin 5 enzyme (Eg5) were performed using Autodock 4.2 software and qualitative and quantitative analysis of ligand-receptor interactions was performed by PLIP computing server.
Results
Compound F3 showed lower IC50 than the other compounds studied in the AGS cell line, and this result showed that F3 caused cytotoxicity at lower dose than the other two derivatives (F1 and F2). Compounds F1, F2 and F3 showed a somewhat inhibitory effect on cell migration compared to the control group and this effect was greater in the case of F2 that possessed Br substituent in meta position of 4-phenyl ring; However, migration in untreated AGS cells was found to be normal in a way that cell wound was largely covered. Molecular docking simulations estimated higher binding affinity for F2 with a completely hydrophobic interaction pattern in the allosteric bonding site of Eg5 (ΔGb,R isomer: -9.52 kcal/mol and ΔGb,S isomer: -8.69 kcal/mol). Participated amino acids were Asp130, Ala133, Ile136, Tyr211, Ala218 and Phe239. It should be noted that enantiomer S of assessed DHPMs showed higher binding affinity toward Eg5 which is compatible with the binding pattern of standard Eg5 inhibitor Monastrol.
Discussion and conclusion
Compound F2 with Br substituent in meta position 4-phenyl ring exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect on cell migration that could probably be justified based on its bulky hydrophobic nature. Molecular docking results proposed a completely hydropobic interaction profile for F2 within Eg5 binding site and offered this compound as a suitable candidate for further development toward inhibitors of cell migration in the AGS cell line
Synthesis of new 2_aminothiazole of dihidropyeimidinones and their effects on cell migration of AGS
No full textIntroduction and Goal: Cancer is a condition in which abnormal cells proliferate uncontrollably and can affect nearby tissues. There are more than 200 different types of cancer, each of which develops in its own way. Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world and ranks third in terms of mortality. In Iran, the highest prevalence of gastric cancer has been reported in the north and northwest of Iran. Metastasis of cancers of epithelial tissue origin, including gastric cancer, is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. Preventing cell migration, which can prevent metastasis, can be very effective in accelerating and improving the treatment of these cancers.
Materials and Methods: In this project, a number of new derivatives of 2-aminothiazole 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone were synthesized and after purification, identification and structural confirmation using H-NMR, IR and MS methods, cytotoxic properties were studied on AGS cell line. In the next step, the inhibitory properties of cell migration of the synthesized compounds were investigated by the wound-healing method. Molecular docking simulations on Eg5 was conducted by means of AutoDock4.2 package and qualitative/quantitative analysis of ligand-protein interactions was done with PLIP computational server.
Results: Compound M2 exhibited the lowest IC50 value against AGS cells when compared to other compounds and caused cytotoxicity at lower doses. Evaluation of the effect of compounds M1-M3 on cell migration indicated that aforementioned derivatives and particularly M2 induced cell migration with regard to the normal untreated cells. Molecular docking simulations showed that S-enantiomer of DHPMs exhibited higher binding affinity toward Eg5 which is compatible to the binding pattern of monastrol. It was revealed that H-bond and hydrophobic contacts were determinant in binding to the Eg5 and Glu116 participated in hydrogen bond interaction with amide NH in R-1 and S-3. Glu166 is a key residue of Eg5 binding site in attachment to avariety of Eg5 targeting agents. Structure binding studies proved the importance of dihydropyrimidinone ring within the structure of assessed compounds mainly due to the involvment of carbonyl oxygen of S-3 and N3H hydrogen atom of R-1 in H-bond with Trp127 and Glu117 residues, respectively.
Discussion and conclusion: Analysis of ligand-protein interaction patterns revealed that thiazole ring of the M1-M3 derivatives might not participate in any interaction with the binding site residues of Eg5 and this result along with the data obtained from the effect on cell migration direct us toward a new design strategy. Extension of thiazole ring to a bulkier and more hydrophobic benzothiazole moiety with some substituents may lead to the possible effective interactions with amino acids of adjacent hydrophobic pocket. Such approach may unravel the way toward developing DHPM derivatives that are able to inhibit cell migration
Study of P53-gene mutations and its protein changes in leukemia, gastric, colon, lung, and breast cancers
No full textAn updated systematic review and meta-analysis on Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic resistance in Iran (2013- 2020)
No full textThis updated systematic review and meta-analysis follows two aims: 1) to assess Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) antibiotic resistance in Iran from 2013 to 2020 and, 2) to assess the trend of resistance from 1999 to 2020. Several national and international databases were systematically searched through MeSH extracted keywords to identify 41 published studies addressing drug-resistant M. tuberculosis in Iran. Meta-analysis was done based on the PRISMA protocols using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The average prevalence of resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in new and previously treated tuberculosis (TB) cases in Iran during 2013–2020 were as follows: isoniazid 6.9%, rifampin 7.9%, ethambutol 5.7%, pyrazinamide 20.4%, para-aminosalicylic acid 4.6%, capreomycin 1.7%, cycloserine 1.8%, ethionamide 11.3%, ofloxacin 1.5%, kanamycin 3.8%, amikacin 2.2%, MDR-TB 6.3% and XDR-TB 0.9%. Based on the presented data, M. tuberculosis resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, as well as MDR-TB, was low during 2013–2020 in Iran. Furthermore, there was a declining trend in TB drug resistance from 1999 to 2020. Hence, to maintain the current decreasing trend and to control and eliminate TB infection in Iran, continuous monitoring of resistance patterns is recommended
Investigating the Putative Mechanisms Mediating the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on the Brain and Cognitive Functions
No full textIntroduction: Exercise training is documented to impact many aspects of brain function and has helpful effects on the overall brain, mental health, and performance. The beneficial impacts of exercise on brain performances are the promotion of learning and memory, enhancement of plasticity, protection from neurodegenerative disease, and neuro-rehabilitation following stroke. Methods: Searching keywords including cognitive functions, exercise, neurodegenerative diseases, neurotrophic factors, and sleep deprivation in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar helped us to access approximately 153 articles in this study. Besides, the positive effects of various forms of exercise on the brain function in humans and animal experiments mediated by neurotrophic factors were compared and discussed in this review. Results: Regular physical activity increases synaptic plasticity by influencing the synaptic organization and potentiating synaptic strength and enhances the expression of certain neurotrophic factors including Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) which is the key mechanism intermediating wide benefits of exercise in the brain and animal hippocampus. In addition, exercise improves synaptic plasticity by reinforcing the underlying systems which support plasticity including neurogenesis, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Such structural and functional alteration made by physical activities has been indicated in various parts of the brain. These alternations have been studied more in the hippocampal system. Conclusion: A variety of brain disorders including alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, chronic stress, age-related cognitive decline, psychological disorders have been revealed to avoid, restore, or improve by different procedures of physical exercise
The effect of preferred music on behavior parameters of pain in unconscious patients admitted to Intensive care unit
No full textBackground: Pain is a major unpleasant experience for patients in Intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of listening to preferred music on behavior parameters of unconscious patients as assessment indicator of pain.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 72 uncons- cious patients were selected form intensive care units Imam Khomeini hospitals in Tehran by convenience sampling method. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups (intervention and control groups). In intervention group, patients listened to music selected by their family members for 30 minutes a day for three consecutive days. intervention (music) patients for 30 minutes without any intervention and rest in the bed. Patients in control group did not listen to music. behavior parameters using by CPOT obtained 10 minutes before and 30 minutes after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.18 software.
Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of behavior parameters before intervention (P= 0.088). There was a statistically significant decrease in CPOT score (P=0.000) of patients in intervention group. There wasn't statistically significant decrease in CPOT score (P=0.106) of patients in control group.
Conclusion: Results of this research provide evidence to serviceable the use of preferred music to reduce pain in this patient admitted to Intensive care unit
Letter to the editor” linac-based radiotherapy for epicondylitis humeri”
No full textRadiotherapy is considered as one of the most effective treatment options for epicondylitis
humeri. In the past, orthovoltage machines were used to treat humeral epicondylitis. Within the
past few years, owing to technological improvement, an increasing shift to linac-based radiotherapy
for humeral epicondylitis has taken place. This letter highlights the role of linac-based
radiotherapy for epicondylitis humeri, and also discusses considerations and perspectives.
Humeral epicondylitis is considered as a relatively common disorder of the arm. Depending
on the etiology of disorder, it is classified into (i.) the lateral epicondylitis, termed as tennis
elbow; (ii.) the medial epicondylitis, termed as golfer’s elbow (Hauptmann et al., 2020, 2019;
Leszek et al., 2015). Lateral epicondylitis is more frequent than the medial epicondylitis
(Hauptmann et al., 2020). Humeral epicondylitis has a negative impact on patients’ quality of
life. The most important symptoms are elbow pain, joint mobility restriction, and local tenderness.
Also, in some cases, increased local temperature and slight joint edema have been seen.
Repetitive movement at first glance and extensive computer work are main risk factors for humeral
epicondylitis
Herbivores Coprolites from Chehrabad Salt Mine of Zanjan, Iran (Sassanid Era, 224-651 AD) Reveals Eggs of Strongylidae and Anoplocephalidae Helminths
Full text linkAbstract Background: The ancient Chehrabad Salt mine, a well-known archaeological site in Iran, has recently received increasing interest from Iranian and international archeologists. Also, the biological remains from this site have provided valuable sources for studying the patho-genic agents of ancient times. This study aimed to identify the parasitic helminth eggs pre-served in the herbivores coprolites. Methods: From 2011 to 2015, we received three coprolites belonging to herbivorous ani-mals recovered during excavations in Chehrabad Salt mine of Zanjan, Iran. The coprolites were dated back to the Sassanid era (224-651 AD) by using radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and archeological stratigraphy methods. Following rehydration of the specimens in a 0.5% trisodium phosphate solution, the suspensions were mounted in glyc-erin jelly on glass slides and examined by a light microscope with 100x and 400x magnifica-tions. Results: Two coprolites belonged to donkeys and one to an unknown herbivore species. The recovered eggs belonged to members of two helminths families, Strongylidae, and Anoplocephalidae. Also, within the two coprolites, some mites, presumably of the order Oribatida, were observed. Conclusion: The presence of two different nematodes in the equids coprolites provide clues of the burden of helminths infection on working animal at the Sassanid time and demonstrates the appropriate preservation condition of biological remains in the ancient salt mine of Chehrabad as well.
(PDF) Herbivores Coprolites from Chehrabad Salt Mine of Zanjan, Iran (Sassanid Era, 224-651 AD) Reveals Eggs of Strongylidae and Anoplocephalidae Helminths. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339944968_Herbivores_Coprolites_from_Chehrabad_Salt_Mine_of_Zanjan_Iran_Sassanid_Era_224-651_AD_Reveals_Eggs_of_Strongylidae_and_Anoplocephalidae_Helminths [accessed May 13 2020]
The Effect of Peppermint on the Treatment of Nipple Fissure during Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review
No full textIntroduction
Therefore, given the high prevalence of nipple fissures as well as the importance of neonatal health and, on the other hand, the increasing use of herbal medicines, we decided to conduct a systematic review on the effects of peppermint on nipple fissure.
Method
All clinical trials evaluating the effect of Peppermint on Healing of Breast Fissure in Lactating Mothers were searched on the online databases of Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science and Medline with no language or time restrictions till to Feb. 2019 using the combination related keywords of Mesh. Study selection was done by two reviews.
Results
Six studies examined the effect of peppermint on nipple fissure. The first study showed that the lanolin, peppermint, and dexpanthenol medicines had similar therapeutic effects on the damaged nipple. The results of the second study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the three intervention groups (peppermint tea bag, peppermint cream, and breast milk) in the treatment of nipple cracking. The results of four other studies also showed a positive effect of peppermint on the treatment of nipple fissure.
Conclusion
Peppermint can have beneficial effects on treating nipple fissure problems. Considering the patients' interest in complementary medicine and the low cost of this treatment, this useful herb can be used in improving the symptoms of nipple fissure
Keywords
• Keywords: Breastfeeding
• Mother
• Nipple fissure
• Peppermint
• Treatmen