Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
ArUMS Digital Repository (سامانه اطلاعات زیست پزشکی و سلامت)Not a member yet
7752 research outputs found
Sort by
Knowledge and Attitude for Medical Students towards COVID-19
No full textBackground & Aim: COVID-19, as an emerging infectious disease, affects the whole world. The causative agent for the disease is coronavirus acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and typical symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Also, muscle pain, sputum production, sore throat, lack of taste and red eyes are among the less common symptoms. In severe cases, the disease can cause severe respiratory failure and even death. COVID-19 is transmitted from sick people to healthy people through respiratory droplets. Disease spread can be prevented by washing hands and other hygiene measures.
The rate of transmission and prevalence for the disease is higher than other infectious diseases, however, the main point in controlling the disease is the knowledge and attitude of the community towards Corona disease, which can play a key role in controlling the disease and reduce the increasing trend. It is very important to pay attention to the attitude and awareness of people involved in patient care. According to the literature review, no study has been conducted on the knowledge and attitude for medical students towards COVID-19, therefore, the current research was conducted to determine the attitude and knowledge of medical students across the country about COVID-19.
Materail & Methods: The study was performed as descriptive cross-sectional. Data were collected through a virtual self-administered questionnaire. 420 medical students in the country participated in this study by voluntary sampling from April 20 to May 6, 2016. The final data was obtained by removing 10% of the questionnaires due to incomplete filling of 381 samples. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The questionnaire included three sections: demographic characteristics, attitude and knowledge about COVID-19. The first part of the questionnaire contained questions related to demographic characteristics including age, gender, degree, field of study, semester, type of residence and university.
The second part, consisting of 16 phrases, was set to determine how studentschr('39') attitudes toward COVID-19 disease’ is based on the Likert scale of five options "totally disagree, disagree, have no opinion, agree, strongly agree" and were considered for each phrase a score of 1 to 5. The awareness section consisted of 4 dimensions (nature of disease, disease transmission, care and prevention, diagnosis and treatment) in the form of three options "yes and no and I do not know" that 1 positive score was applied for each correct answer. Content and face validity were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The opinion of 7 faculty members in the university about the questionnaire was obtained and their corrective opinions were applied in the questionnaire. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire with Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was 0.85 and the reliability of the knowledge questionnaire with Kuder Richardson coefficient was 0.86.
Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test with SPSS software version 16. Also, the significance level in the research was considered 0.05. Participants had full authority to complete the virtual questionnaire and data were collected anonymously.
Results: Out of 381 samples, 252 (66.1%) were female students. The age range of students was 16 to 37 years and 51.1% of them belonged to the age group of 21-25 years. 18 people (4.7%) in associate degree, 222 people (58.3%) in bachelor degree, 8 people (2.1%) in master degree and 133 people (34.9%) were studying in professional doctoral degree. 271 students (71.1%) were students of 1-4 semesters and 93 students (24.4%) of them were studying in 5-8 semesters. 112 students (29.4%) were studying in medicine, 129 (33.9%) were studying in nursing and 115 (30.2%) were studying in paramedical fields. Also, 57.5% of the students were natives and 96.9% of the students had no work experience in the corona sector and 83.5% of the students did not participate in the virtual courses of the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization related to the corona virus. The mean and standard deviation for studentschr('39') attitudes toward COVID-19 were generally 58.75± 5.56 and their knowledge was 41.61 ± 6.27. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between attitude and demographic characteristics. Besides, there was a significant relationship between studentschr('39') knowledge score and age (p <0.001), gender (p = 0.002), degree (p <0.001), field of study (p <0.001) and semester under study (p <0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between studentschr('39') knowledge score, type of student residence, work experience in the coronary department and history of participating in virtual courses related to coronavirus.
Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, students of medical universities have an acceptable knowledge and attitude towards the disease. Despite the favorable scores in studentschr('39') knowledge and attitudes, our knowledge about COVID-19 is increasing every day. On the other hand, students should have a higher awareness and attitude rather than other students due to their presence in hospitals to minimize the possibility of transmitting the disease to themselves and other people in the community. Therefore, it is necessary for the educational authorities of medical universities to design and implement programs to increase awareness and improve studentschr('39') attitudes toward COVID-19
Complications of direct laryngoscopy in comparison with video laryngoscopy among patients undergoing elective surgery in Ardabil Fatemi hospital in 2019-2020
No full textIntroduction: Several studies have been done to compare the successful methods of direct laryngoscopy and video laryngoscopy due to the importance of the correct endotracheal intubation and its possible complications. Regarding quite different and even contradictory results among the studies, the present study was done with the aim to compare the evaluation of the successful intubation and the possible complications between the considered methods fulfilled by the first-year anesthesiology residents.
Methodology: This double blind clinical trial study, which was conducted in Fatemi Hospital of the city of Ardabil in 2018 and 2019, with the participation of 132 patients who included in the study by the consecutive sampling and were randomly divided into two groups, i.e. the direct laryngoscopy and video-laryngoscopy groups. After induction of anesthesia, laryngoscopy was performed by the trained first-year resident and the intubation process, hemodynamic complications, and physical complications during and after surgery due to the intubation were recorded in the considered questionnaire. The obtained data were compared in a significant level of less than 0.05% after being entered in SPSS (ver. 22) statistical software by the independent t-test and the Chi-square test.
Results: The results of this study, considering 132 patients with the average age 33.15 + 8.20 and mean BMI of 29.80 + 3.22, indicated the observation of statistical differences between the two groups in the variables of heart beat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, arterial blood oxygen saturation rate, intubation time, duration of correct intubation, number of attempts for the successful intubations, tooth damage, lip and gum injury, straining, stridor, and also post-operation complications that in all of these variables at the time of intubation and minutes one and five after that, also duration of successful intubation and the number of attempts for that, patients undergoing intubation with videolaryngoscopy needed more time to perform it.
Discussion and Conclusion: Using video-laryngoscopy required longer duration and encountered more (hemodynamic and physical) complications for the endotracheal intubation as compared to the direct laryngoscopy
Relation between transcranial doppler findings, neuroimaging and functional state in the first days of acute cerebrovascular accidents- hemorrhagic and ischemic in patients admitted to the Ardabil city hospital during 2015-2016
Full text linkBackground: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Considering the diagnostic and clinical value of sonography of extra cranial vessels of the brain, identifying findings obtained from patients suspected of having CVA and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and their prevalence is of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between TCD finding, neuroimaging and functional state of ischemic and hemorrhagic CVA patients.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that has been done on 100 stroke patients admitted to Ardabil city hospital from March 2015 to March 2016. Patients underwent to CT-scan, doppler sonography, and TCD. The obtained data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 21.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.3±11 years and 53% were women. High blood pressure, history of heart disease, smoking, and diabetes were the major risk factors in the present study. Fifty eight percent of the patients had moderate to severe disability in their functional status. Atheroma plaques, intima-media thickening, and the change of speed in the external carotid artery were most frequent in doppler sonography investigations. There was no significant correlation between the obtained results from TCD and the functional status of the patients.
Conclusions: Considering the non-significant correlation between TCD results and the functional state of the patients in this study, for exactly study of this topic, study the TCD of patients on several different days and after starting treatment is essential
Quality of work life and work-family conflict: a cross-sectional study among nurses in teaching hospitals
No full textBackground The nursing profession is known to induce high levels of stress, and being simultaneously engaged in a stressful professional occupation and having a family life can lead to work-family conflict. Healthcare providers require recruitment and retention strategies that preserve nurses’ quality of work-life and mitigate work-family conflict.
Aim To investigate the relationship between quality of work-life and work-family conflict among hospital nurses in Iran, as well as the relationships between work-family conflict and quality of work life, and between age, professional experience, type of employment, work shift and marital status.
Method This cross-sectional study was conducted among 378 nurses working in six Iranian teaching hospitals, who were selected using random quota sampling. Data on age, professional experience, type of employment, work shift and marital status was collected. The study questionnaire was based on the 53-item Quality of Work Life scale and the 18-item Work-Family Conflict scale. Correlations were established using Pearson’s chi-squared and eta-squared tests.
Results A total of 93% of participants experienced moderate or high levels of work-family conflict and 83% had a low or moderate quality of work life. On average, the levels of work-family conflict and quality of work life were moderate. Quality of work life decreased with increasing work-family conflict.
Conclusion Healthcare providers can use these results to inform their recruitment and retention strategies. Nurse managers can mitigate any adverse effects of work-family conflict on quality of work life by offering staff interventions such as short training courses on how to manage work-family conflict
Electrochemical degradation of diazinon from aqueous media using graphite anode: Effect of parameters, mineralisation, reaction kinetic, degradation pathway and optimisation using central composite design
No full textIn this study, the experimental data were collected in a laboratory-scale batch reactor equipped with a graphite electrode as anode and an SS316 electrode as a cathode. The central composite design (CCD) was selected for evaluation of the effect of different parameters (j = 1–8 mA/cm2, initial diazinon concentration = 30–90 mg/L, pH = 3–11, and electrolysis time = 30–90 min) and their interactions on the electrochemical degradation of the diazinon. The results showed that the degradation of diazinon and removal of COD reached 87.6% and 77.81%, respectively. The kinetic studies were indicative of the suitability of the pseudo-first-order kinetic (R2 > 0.98) for the explanation of data obtained from the degradation of diazinon and removal of COD on the graphite electrode. The AOS parameters in the outlet effluent of the electrochemical process with graphite anode were increased from −0.73 to +0.58, indicating the biodegradability of the diazinon by the electrochemical system. The intermediate produced during the electro-oxidation process were diazinon, O,O-diethyl O-(4-ethylpyrimidin-2-yl) phosphorothioate, O,O-diethyl O-(pyrimidin-2-yl) phosphorothioate, O-methyl O-(pyrimidin-2-yl) O-hydrogen phosphorothioate, O-(pyrimidin-2-yl) O-hydrogen phosphonothioate, pyrimidin-2-yl hydrogen phosphonate, 1,3-dioxan-2-ol, 1λ3,3 λ3-dioxine, and ethane-1,2-diol. Finally, diazinon was completely degraded using hydroxyl radicals produced by the electrochemical process and converted into CO2 and H2O products. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Prevents Deleterious Effects of Erythromycin on Mitochondrial Function in Rat Heart Isolated Mitochondria
No full textIntroduction
Because erythromycin (ERY) is a risk factor for cardiotoxicity through mitochondria pathway, and vitamin D deficiency can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that erythromycin could impair mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in rat heart isolated mitochondria and that 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D3 (calcitriol) treatment could prevent such effects.
Material and method
Rat heart mitochondria were isolated with mechanical lysis and differential centrifugation. Then isolated mitochondria were first pretreated with 3 different concentrations of calcitriol (2.5, 5 and 10 µM) for 5 minutes at 37 °C, after which erythromycin (10 µM) was added to promote deleterious effects on mitochondria. During 1 hour of incubation, using by flow cytometry and biochemical evaluations, the parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation (LP) was evaluated.
Discussion and conclusion
The results showed that erythromycin (10 µM) caused a significant change in mitochondrial function, ROS formation, mitochondrial swelling, MMP collapse, increasing lipidperoxidation and oxidative stress. Calcitriol (10 µM) reverted the effect of erythromycin on the parameters tested.
In this study, we show that erythromycin impairs mitochondrial function and induces mitochondrial toxicity in rat heart isolated mitochondria, which were reverted by calcitriol.
These findings suggest that calcitriol may be a preventive/therapeutic strategy for cardiotoxicity complications caused by erythromyci
The removal of cephalexin antibiotic in aqueous solutions by ultrasonic waves/hydrogen peroxide/nickel oxide nanoparticles (US/H2O2/NiO) hybrid process
No full textAntibiotics are non-biodegradable and can remain for a long time at aquatic environments and they have a big potential bio-accumulation in the environment. The antibiotics are broadly metabolized by humans, animals and plants and they or their metabolites, after metabolization, are entered into the aquatic environment. This study aimed to optimize the operational parameters by Taguchi design and to carry out the kinetic studies for removal of cephalexin antibiotic from aqueous solutions by US/H2O2/NiO hybrid process. This experimental study was performed on a laboratory scale in a 500 mL pyrex-made reactor. The main operational parameters to influence the US/H2O2/NiO process were identified as the initial concentration of CEX (20–80 mg/L), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (10–40 mL/L), NiO nanoparticle (2.5–10 mg/L) and reaction time (15–90 min) and therefore, the influence of these factors were studied. Under optimum conditions (pH = 3, reaction time = 90 min, CEX = 40 mg/L, NiO = 7.5 mg/L and H2O2 = 30 mL/L) and using the US/H2O2/NiO process, the removal efficiencies of CEX, COD and TOC were 93.86%, 72.46% and 54.55%, respectively. The percentage contribution of each factor was also determined. Results introduced the solution pH as the most powerful factor, and its percentage contribution value was up to 94% in the studied process. It was also identified that the removal of CEX antibiotic using the hybrid process obeys the pseudo-first-order kinetics
Investigating the Relationship between Personality Traits and Attitudes Toward Death in the Elderly in Ardabil Province
Full text linkBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and attitudes toward death in the elderly in Ardabil.
Methods: This study is descriptive-analytical (correlation). The statistical population of the study included all elderly people covered by health centers living in Ardabil province. The sampling method was randomly classified and using this method, 100 elderly people were selected as the sample group. Data were collected using the Demographic and NEO5 Features Questionnaire (Short Form) and the Revised Half Death Questionnaire (IIDAPR).
Results: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and attitudes toward death in the elderly in Ardabil province. The results showed that there is a negative relationship between the components of neuroticism and openness with fear of death and avoidance of death and with negative acceptance, tendency to accept and avoidance acceptance in the elderly has a significant positive relationship (p <0.01). . There was also a statistically significant relationship between extraversion and avoidance of death and trend orientation (P <0.05). There is a significant negative relationship between the component of adaptability with fear of death and avoidance of death and with positive acceptance and avoidance acceptance in the elderly, there is a significant positive relationship (P <0.05). There is a significant positive relationship between the component of conscientiousness with neutral acceptance and avoidant acceptance in the elderly (p <0.05). In addition, the results of regression analysis showed that 29% of the general attitude towards death in the elderly is explained by personality traits (p <0.05). As a result, personality traits can predict attitudes toward death in the elderly.
Conclusion: As a result, personality traits can predict attitudes toward death in the elderly
An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic Resistance in Iran (2010–2020)
No full textThis updated systematic review and meta-analysis followed two objectives: (1) to determine Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Iran during 2010–2020 and (2) to assess the trend of resistance from 1997 to 2020. A systematic search in multiple databases, including ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Scientific Information Database (SID), was performed using MeSH-extracted keywords. Meta-analysis was done on extracted data from a total of 27 included citations published between 2010 and January 20, 2020. The overall mean prevalence of H. pylori resistance was 64.9% for metronidazole, 25.3% for clarithromycin, 20.7% for amoxicillin, 16.1% for tetracycline, 21.9% for levofloxacin, 22.8% for rifampicin, 27.2% for furazolidone, 32.3% for ciprofloxacin, and 38.7% for erythromycin. In addition, the prevalence of multidrugresistant strains of H. pylori was 26.5% in Iran. The pooled prevalence of point mutations A2143G, A2142G, and A2142C associated with clarithromycin resistance were 46.6%, 37.2%, and 5.5%, respectively; mutations in frxA and rdxA genes associated with metronidazole resistance were 46.4% and 19.7%, respectively; gyrA and gyrB genes mutations among fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were 55.3% and 48.2%, respectively; and resistance associated with integrons was 47%. According to the present findings, resistance of H. pylori to antibiotics used for eradication therapy has reached an alarming level in Iran. Furthermore, the trend of H. pylori resistance has increased between 1997 and 2020. Hence, continuous surveillance on resistance patterns, logical prescription and appropriate consumption of antibiotics, and selecting effective therapeutic regimens in accordance with local resistance patterns are required to prevent further spread of resistance and ensuing treatment failures