Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Different Dosimeters/Detectors Used in Small-Field Dosimetry: Pros and Cons
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With the advent of complex and precise radiation therapy techniques, the use of relatively small fields is needed. Using such field sizes can cause uncertainty in dosimetry; therefore, special attention is required both in dose calculations and measurements. There are several challenges in small-field dosimetry such as the steep gradient of the radiation field, volume averaging effect, lack of charged particle equilibrium, partial occlusion of radiation source, beam alignment, and unable to use a reference dosimeter. Due to these challenges, special dosimeters are needed for small-field dosimetry, and this review article discusses this topic
Cholera Outbreak in Yemen: A Regional or a Global Health Crisis
Get PDFVibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) are Gram - negative, curved, rod - shaped and facultatively anaerobic bacteria classified in Vibrionaceae family. These flagellated bacteria naturally grow and survive in contaminated waters around the world and leads to acute diarrheal infection in small intestine of human (1, 2). Cholera infection has various symptoms, according to severity of the disease, ranging from self - limited diarrhea to lethal diarrhea along with dehydration and shock. In endemic areas, the disease is transmitted from person - to - person and fecal contamination of drinking water and foodstuff with the bacteria. According to the latest reports, every year, there are 3 to 5 million cases of cholera with 100,000 to 120,000 deaths in the world (1, 2). Recently, several cases of V. cholera - related epidemic occurred worldwide for various reasons including Bangladesh cholera following the floods (2004), Zimbabwe (2008 to 2009), and Haiti cholera (2010) following the devastating earthquake (1). In the latest cholera epidemic, Yemen faces the most severe form of disease in the world. Yemen is a war - ravaged country on the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle - East region with a population of 27 million
Correlation between Organizational Learning and Accreditation of Educational Care Centers: A Case Study in Ardabil
Get PDFBackground: Considering the importance of organizational learning and its impact on health accreditation, the present study investigates the level of learning and its relationship with accreditation and its promotion strategies in medical sciences universities as the core of the health sector.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, data was gathered from 176 nurses working in four teaching hospitals in Ardabil. The standard organizational learning questionnaire and the accreditation rating checklist (second generation) were used as well. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, SPSS22, follow-up tests and correlation coefficient.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in the total score of accreditation between teaching hospitals (P-value = 0.320, F = 1.178), but there was a significant difference in organizational learning (P-value > 0.001, F = 146.9) due to the very low rating of one of the centers. The results also showed a positive, significant and strong relationship between the organizational learning score and the total score of accreditation in 4 teaching hospitals in Ardabil (r = 0.319, P-value < 0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results there is a positive and significant relationship between the organizational learning and the accreditation scores. By increasing personnel organizational learning, the accreditation score has also significantly increased. Therefore, with proper policy on organizational learning, educational centers can have a higher level of accreditation in order to provide decent service
Service quality in Iranian hospitals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to explore service quality in Iranian hospitals by a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature.
Methods: The literature search in the international (PubMed, Scopus, and the ISI) and Iranian (SID, Iranmedex, and Magiran) scientific databases was conducted to identify studies (published in English and Persian) used the service quality gap (SERVQUAL) model to examine service quality in Iranian hospitals between 2000 and 2016. The databases were searched using a combination of the following keywords: "hospital service quality", or "healthcare service quality", and "SERVQUAL model", or "gap model", and "Iran". A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to investigate the quality of hospital care in Iran.
Results: A total of 13 articles with 4,217 patients were included in the study. Results indicate that there are negative gap values between patients' expectations and perceptions in six SERVQUAL dimensions namely. tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and access. The overall mean score of patients’ expectations and perceptions of quality of hospital care in Iran were estimated 4.59 and 3.69, respectively (i.e., quality score gap= -0.9). The highest and lowest quality score gap values were related to the reliability and responsiveness dimensions, correspondingly.
Conclusion: The study found that expectations of patients from hospital care have not been met in Iran. Thus, improving service quality in Iranian hospitals warrants further attention by health professionals, health policy-makers, and hospital managers
Systemic delivery of mesenchymal stem cells condition media in repeated doses acts as magic bullets in restoring IFN-γ/IL-4 balance in asthmatic rats
No full textWith respect to recent advantage in stem cell application, given the concern reported previously after stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned media (MSC-CM) could be a potential approach to guarantee more safety and efficient outcomes than the current stem cell–based regenerative therapies.
Main methods
Male rats were assigned into four experimental groups (n = 6); healthy rats (C group), OVA sensitized rats (S group), OVA sensitized rats received a single dose of 50 μl CM intravenously (S group + SD-CM) and OVA sensitized rats received repeated doses of 50 μl CM intravenously (S group + RD-CM). Two weeks post-allergen challenge, the therapeutic effects of systemic administrated CM in single and repeated dosages were investigated by monitoring the transcription of T-bet, GATA-3, IL-4 and IFN-γ genes along with pathological changes in asthmatic lung tissue. IL-4 and IFN-γ levels and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were further evaluated in sera.
Key findings
Our data revealed that the systemic introduction of CM in repeated dosages could significantly reduce pathological injures in OVA-sensitized rats by the modulation of expression of T-bet and GATA-3 in lung tissues and interleukins levels (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05). In contrary, CM in single dosage did not yield any beneficial effect.
Significance
Overall, we indicated that systemic administration of CM in repeated dosages, but not in single dose, could be strategic approach in amelioration of asthmatic changes, presumably by the regulating the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into Th1/Th2 effector cells via modulation of T-bet and GATA-3 expression in OVA-sensitized male rats
Study of Preterm Infant,S Early and Follow Up Outcomes at Ardabil Boali Hospital in 2016
Get PDFBackground & objective: The outcomes of preterm birth are among the main and direct causes of newborn mortality. Therefore the present research aims to investigate some relations between risk factors and outcomes of preterm birth.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 73 preterm babies at Ardabil,s Boali hospital in 2016. The questionnaires were completed through infant.s examination and perused hospital files. Then data were analyzed by spss.v.16.
Results: The rate of mortality was 21.2 and the rate of developmental disorder was 26.2. The most prevalent of preterm infant.s problems were RDS and ICTER in order. There was a significant opposite relation between GA and birth weight with mortality (p<0.05) & developmental disorders rate (p<0.05). But this relation wasn,t significant about sex with mortality rate. Also there was a significant relation between developmental disorders with RDS, age in 6 months, weight in 6 months and head round in 6 months.
Conclusion: Preterm infants are in risk for developmental disorders and death more than term infants so they should be focused increasingly
Evaluation of Cases of Lead Poisoning in Opium Addicts Referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil
Get PDFBackground and Objective: In recent years, lead poisoning has significantly increased among patients with opium abuse especially in Iran. Late diagnosis of lead poisoning and carrying out unnecessary procedures results in reduced treatment quality, increased costs, complications and prolonged hospitalization. This research aims to present solutions for early diagnosis of lead poisoning in opium users.
Methods: All opioid users diagnosed with lead poisoning who had been admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil from 3/20/2016 to 9/21/2016 were enrolled in the study. By investigating patient records and clinical findings, required data was recorded in pre-designed checklists and further analyzed using statistical methods in SPSS software.
Results: A total of 40 opioid users diagnosed with lead poisoning in Imam Khomeini Hospital with mean age of 51.33±16.04 were enrolled in the study among which 39 patients were male and 1 was female. The mean blood lead level of the patients was 85.26±45.53 µg/dl and their mean hospital stay was 6.05±3.25 days. All patients had a history of opium ingestion and their most prevalent chief complaint was abdominal pain. Their average hemoglobin was 10.92±2.56 g/dl and their mean hematocrit was 33.41±6.98.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, lead poisoning should be considered as a primary differential diagnosis in case of unexplained abdominal pain and anemia especially in patients with opium abuse
Study of clinical signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis and evaluation of them in diagnosing and differentiating the diseases with similar symptoms, in patients who were referred to the ENT Clinic at Fatemi hospital of Ardabil city
Get PDFBackground and objective: The term of chronic rhinosinusitis refers to all nasal and para-nasal sinuses diseases that they continue at least for 12 weeks. Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases. Despite its high prevalence, it is not easy to diagnose. In this disease, clinical criteria and simple radiographs are not so sensitive. Due to different methods of treatment in diseases that show signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis, we have done this study to investigate the signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis and evaluate them in diagnosis and differentiating chronic sinusitis from diseases with the same symptoms in the referral patients to the ear, nose and throat clinic of Fatemi hospital.
Methods: The statistical population was all patients with chronic sinusitis symptoms who were referred to Fatemi Hospital. In this study, 83 patients were examined. The related questionnaires included informations such as age, gender, clinical symptoms and CT scan findings were completed.
Results: In this Study 83 patients were examined. Headache was the main symptom in 69.9% of the patients. The most common symptoms after headache were PND, congestion, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, coughing, facial pain, toothache, decreased appetite and lack of olfaction. 29 patients had positive findings in CT scan. The highest rate of sinus involvement was in the ethmoid sinus.
Conclusion: In this Study the most common symptom was headache. The most valuable clinical signs and symptoms in diagnosing of sinusitis was nasal congestion and coughing. Facial pain and dental pain were less reliable than other clinical symptoms
The efficacy of Sublingual Buprenorphine in controlling pain After lower extremity Orthopedic Surgeries under Spinal Anesthesia
Get PDFAims and background: Postoperative pain is a common side effect following surgery that can postpone patient’s discharge from hospital. Pain control in orthopedic patients can significantly reduce joint movement problems and patients can easily get back to normal life. In this study we aimed to study the efficacy of sublingual Buprenorphine in postoperative pain control following orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs. Materials and methods: This double blind clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients referred for orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs. They were in classes I and II of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA( and they were under spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups of Buprenorphine (0.4mg, every 8h hours( and control group (Morphine 20mg in 100cc(. This trial was practiced after surgery and in the recovery room. Amount of meperidine usage, pain score and side effects including nausea and vomiting, level of sedation and pruritis were recorded at 1, 8, 16 and 24 hours after surgery. Findings: 60 Patients in the control (Morphine) and Buprenorphine groups were studied. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender distribution (p=0.766(, average age (p=0.350(, weight (p=0.195(, ASA score (p=0.519( and operation time (p=0.510(. Average pain score in the Buprenorphine group was significantly lower than the control (Morphine) group at 8 (p=0.025), 16 (p<0.044) and 24 (p<0.003) hours after surgery. Meperidine usage in the first 24 hours after surgery in Buprenorphine group (38.5±15.60 mg) was significantly lower than the control (Morphine) group (49.33±19.02mg) (p=0.019). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of side effects (nausea and vomiting, level of sedation and pruritis(. Conclusion: This study showed that Sublingual Buprenorphine administration after orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs can lead to better postoperative pain control in comparison to control group (Morphine PCA pump(. Also it has minimal side effects and is compatible with Morphine in this field