Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Antibiotic resistance of Neisseria species in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFObjective: To estimate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria species in Iran. Methods: A systematic and electronic search using relevant keywords in major national and international databases was performed until 6th July, 2018 in order to find studies reporting the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria species in Iran. Results: A total of nine studies were found to be eligible based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis indicated that the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance to different antibiotics was as follows: 66.9% to penicillin, 59.1% to ciprofloxacin, 11.1% to ceftriaxone, 21.6% to spectinomycin, 13.8% to cefixime, 82.4% to co-trimoxazole, 52.7% to tetracycline, 29.9% to gentamicin, 87.5% to ampicillin, 11.1% to azithromycin, 2.2% to chloramphenicol, 50.1% to cefepime and 50.0% to vancomycin. Antimicrobial resistance rates of Neisseria meningitidis was as follows: 30.0% to penicillin, 33.3% to amoxicillin, 33.3% to cephalexin, 55.6% to ampicillin and 0.0% to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, amikacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and ceftizoxime. Conclusion: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis isolates of Iran show resistance to different types of antibiotics. Therefore, care should be exercised for the use of penicillin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, cefepime and vancomycin for gonococcal infections, and also with respect to the use of penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and cephalexin for meningococcal infections in Iran
Evaluation of Safety, hygienic and Environmentally Risks of Ardebil Cement Factory by FMEA and AHP Method
Get PDFFactors Affecting Readmission in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery bypasses Surgery at Tehran Heart Center
Get PDFAbstract
Introduction: Despite the decline in mortality rates post coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), there are still high readmission rates during the first days after
discharge, which is a multi-factorial issue. This study focuses on the identification of these factors.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2014, of the 2410 patients who underwent CABG in Tehran Heart Center, 1597 were eligible for
inclusion in the study. Demographic characteristics and data related to surgery and post-operative complications were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Findings: The results showed that 9.1% of the patients were readmitted during the first 30 days after discharge due to different complaints. The most common complaints
included pleural effusion (22.75%) and deep sternal infection, (11.7%). Regarding co-morbidities, 28.5%, 50.3%, and 55.5% of the patients had diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension, respectively. The mean
interval between admission and surgery was 8.12±9.31 days, the mean interval between the incidence of clinical complaints and the operation was 20.32±14 days, and the mean interval between discharge and readmission was 15.24±7.08 days. Discussion & Conclusions: Readmission
within 30 days post CABG occurs because of the important complications of this surgery. It seems that the main causes of readmission are patient’s general preoperative conditions, such as advanced age, co-morbidities, and general underlying conditions
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of three types of materials (reinforced zinc oxide eugenol, MTA and Cem cement) used in primary teeth pulpotomy
Get PDFBackground and Aim: One of the major purposes of pediatric dentistry is to maintain deciduous teeth in anatomical and functional conditions up to their physiological exfoliation and eruption of permanent teeth. Whenever pulp gets involved or exposed to mouth area and microorganisms penetrate into pulp, deciduous teeth needs pulp therapy. In the sterile environment, the exposed pulp tissue is able to repair itself and also to create a dentin bridge, but in the presence of bacteria, development of disease and ultimately death of the pulp will be inevitable. The ideal pulpotomy cement should have good physical and biological properties such as sealing of the remaining pulp tissue, being biocompatible and possessing antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of some usual materials used for pulpotomy in deciduous teeth.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of materials used in deciduous teeth pulpotomy including Zoliran, Sina Zonalin, Kemdent Zonalin, MTA (OrthoMTA) and CEM Cement against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Well diffusion test and disk diffusion test and time kill curve were used for antibacterial activity assay. Also, we evaluated stability of antibacterial activity of the materials. The antibacterial activity in disk diffusion and well diffusion test was measured based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition, whereas in time kill curve the optical density of the bacterial suspension was measured. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test at the significance level of 5% .
Results: In well diffussion and disk diffussion tests all of the materials except CEM Cement showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The largest and smallest zones of inhibition belonged to zoliran and MTA respectively. The results of time kill curve revealed a similar pattern, so that during the experiment period Zoliran, Sina Zonalin, Kemdent Zonalin, MTA and CEM Cement showed the greatest effects in both groups of bacteria respectively.
Conclusion: Reinforced ZOE groups had the greatest effect in inhibition of growth of S.mutans and L.acidophilus compared to MTA and CEM Cement. Thus, use of Zoliran, Sina and Kemdent Zonalin cements in pulpotomy of deciduous teeth can be useful in controlling bacterial growth and achieving success in pulpotomy
Health Literacy Status and Its Relationship with Quality of Life among Nurses in Teaching Hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Get PDFBackground: Health literacy can be considered as a factor affecting healthcare providers` decision‑making. The aim of this study was to investigate health literacy status and its relationship with quality of life among the nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 2017. To this end, 185 nurses from hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection instruments included the standardized Health Literacy Questionnaire and the 36‑Item Short Form Health Survey. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics as well as t test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression analysis using SPSS23 (α = 5%).
Results: The mean scores for health literacy and quality of life were 70.06 (12.98) and 60.86 (17.26), respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the health literacy and quality of life (p <0.001), Access (p = 0.004), reading skills (p = 0.004), understanding (p = 0.016), and application of health information (p = 0.012) as the dimensions of health literacy were identified among the predictors of quality of life. In addition, there was a significant relationship among age (r = 0.22, p = 0.008), work experience (r = 0.27, p = 0.002), and employment relationship (F = 3.89, p = 0.005) and the mean score for nurses` health literacy status.
Conclusions: A significant relationship was observed between health literacy and quality of life in nurses. Healthcare policy‑makers are suggested to take measures to develop programs on promoting health literacy and related skills to improve the status of quality of life among nurses
Design of a slab phantom for breast dosimetry applications
Get PDFBackground: Design of phantoms for use in radiotherapy should consider the complex geometry of breast tissue and inhomogeneity. The aim of this study is design of a slab phantom for breast dosimetry applications. Materials and Methods: In this study, an anatomical slab phantom was designed with cork lung inhomogeneity and plexi colored heart part, also describes the different size of breast and chest wall phantom that have been designed and constructed for dosimetry. Three size different phantoms have been manufactured that installed in one trunk, as “small,” “medium,” and “large,” two breast size fixed and one size was movable on a chest wall phantom. Two different dosimeters selected to dosimetry in this phantom, film was chosen for this dosimetry since it provides good spatial resolution and suitable for two-dimensional dosimetry also measure dose distribution used a point dosimetry with thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). Results: The results were shown near date due to either software or phantom calculation. Conclusion: Application include assessment dose in the junction region between the tangential fields and the supraclavicular fossa field, as well as assess dose in inhomogeneities, the phantom were formed from a variety of tissue substitute materials
Characteristics and health effects of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in an urban area in Iran
No full textThis study reports a spatiotemporal characterization of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the summer and winter of 2017 in the urban area of Shiraz, Iran. Sampling was fulfilled according to EPA Method TO-11 A. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) procedure was used for spatial mapping. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate carcinogenic and non-cancer risk owing to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposure in 11 age groups. The average concentrations of formaldehyde/acetaldehyde in the summer and winter were 15.07/8.40 μg m−3 and 8.57/3.52 μg m−3, respectively. The formaldehyde to acetaldehyde ratios in the summer and winter were 1.80 and 2.43, respectively. The main sources of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were photochemical generation, vehicular traffic, and biogenic emissions (e.g., coniferous and deciduous trees). The mean inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) values according to the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in summer and winter ranged between 7.55 × 10−6 and 9.25 × 10−5, which exceed the recommended value by US EPA. The average LTCR according to the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in summer and winter were between 4.82 × 10−6 and 2.58 × 10−4, which exceeds recommended values for five different age groups (Birth to <1, 1 to <2, 2 to <3, 3 to <6, and 6 to <11 years). Hazard quotients (HQs) of formaldehyde ranged between 0.04 and 4.18 for both seasons, while the HQs for acetaldehyde were limited between 0.42 and 0.97
Comparison of Quality of Life, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Mindfulness of Cardiac Patients with Much and Few Remembrance of God
Get PDFAims: Most cardiac patients in bad mental conditions find the ways that reduce their pain and suffering and try to achieve meaning in life. "Dhikr" refers to the
remembrance of God and is mentioned as a cause of human tranquility in religious sources as the Quran. The aim of this study was the comparison of quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress, and mindfulness of cardiac patients with much and few remembrance of God.
Instruments & Methods: The statistical population of this causal-comparative study included all cardiac patients with the diagnosis of cardiovascular problems, who received medical treatment in Ardabil during 2017. Totally, 225
of them were selected through available sampling method and completed the research questionnaires. 108 subjects were in the high remembrance group and 117 subjects were in the low remembrance group. The tools used in the study were WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), Freiburg Mindfulness
Inventory_ Short Form (FMI-SF), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21),and researcher made questionnaire of Dhikr. The data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of variance, using SPSS 22 software.
Findings: There was a significant relationship between age, marital status, and gender with the Dhikr of participants. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of quality of life, depression, anxiety, and stress, and mindfulness (p<0.05).
Conclusion: As a religious method, remembrance of God is associated with increased quality of life and mindfulness and reduced depression, anxiety, and stress associated with cardiovascular disease
The Relation Between the Incidence Rate of Second and Third Trimester Hemoglobin and the Incidence of Preeclampsia and Gestational Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Get PDFObjectives: Changes in maternal hemoglobin during pregnancy affect the incidence rate of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study aimed to investigate the relation between the second and third trimester hemoglobin and the incidence of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 600 patients who referred to Milad hospital in 2011 participated in this study. Second and third trimester hemoglobin levels were measured. The association between the level of maternal hemoglobin and the incidence rate of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes was evaluated. In addition, the association between the second and third trimester hemoglobin level and education, job, history of abortion, as well as the use of calcium, folic acid, iron, and multivitamin pills was evaluated.
Results: The results indicated that the second and third trimester maternal hemoglobin levels were high in patients with gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Further, the relative risk of GDM was 2.12 times higher in the high hemoglobin group during the second trimester of pregnancy compared to the normal hemoglobin group (CI = 1.14-3.94) and it was 1.47 times higher in the third trimester (CI = 0.78-2.7). Furthermore, the relative risk for preeclampsia in the high hemoglobin group was 2.33 times more than normal one (CI = 1.16-4.66) and in the third trimester, it was 1.33 higher (CI = 0.66-2.66).
Conclusions: The high hemoglobin, especially in the second trimester is associated with a higher risk of subsequent preeclampsia and GDM. Hence, women with high hemoglobin in their second trimester are at greater risk of developing GDM and preeclampsia. Therefore, early detection and prevention reduce undesirable effects
The pattern of Imipenem/Cilastatin administration in Imam Khomeini hospital (Ardabil) in the year 1397
No full textIntroduction: Nowadays antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important concerns of medical care system in the world. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs are the last gun?? against the complicated microbial infections in the hospitals. Therefore, the indiscriminated use of these drugs in addition toincreasing costs of hospitalization, increases the antibiotic resistance and this opportunity makes ecologic change in bacterial spices to develop new resistant infections against our current drugs? Imipenem is of carbapenem class of beta-lactam antibiotics that prescribed mostly in our hospitals because of its broad activity against bacterial infections. Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) process is an official, ongoing and systemic program that collects information in order to identify and improve probable adverse effects of drugs, and shows us complains?? that reduces cost effectivness of medicalization in hospitals.
Objective: To evaluate appropriate use of Imipenem/Cilastatin (IC) antibiotic in educational Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardabil.
Methods and Results: 100 hospitalized patients who received IC from September to December of 2018 were included in this study. Patients' demographic data, dose, dosage adjustment in renal insufficiency and co-prescribed antimicrobial drugs were extracted from current medical file of hospitalized patients and evaluated with Up-to-date and Lexi-comp references.
Results: 75% were empirically received IC and antibiogram tests were ordered for only 25% of patients. 64% of patients received Imipenem in first day of hospitalization. Serum creatinine tests was ordered for most of the patients but correct dose regimens for patients who get non-empiric antibiotic therapy were only 24%.
Conclusions: High rate of empiric prescription of IC without considering culture and antimicrobial susceptibility results and initiation of antimicrobial therapy at the time of admission were the most important aspects of irrational use of this antibiotics are observed in this study. Paying more attention to sampling, culturing and sensitivity tests and prescription of IC based on specific guidelines are recommende