Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Allele Frequency of the common MEFV gene mutation in normal population of north west IRAN ,ARDABIL
Get PDFBackground and Objective:. Familian Mediterraanne Fever is a hereditary self-inflammatory autosomal recessive disease. FMF prevalent on the Mediterranean coast, Turkish breeds, Ashkenazi Jews, Arabs and Armenians is more than others. The gene responsible for the person with FMF is the MEFV gene. To catch FMF, there is a need for 2 copies of the mutated gene, which is inherited from one parent and one from the mother. The disease is characterized by recurrent fever and inflammation of the membranes, which causes abdominal pain, joint pain and chest pain, and is the most important complication of FMF amyloidosis. The symptoms of this disease can be manifested in the first decade of life. Regarding the importance of FMF disease and its prevalence in Ardebil province, as well as observing the role of this gene (MEFV) in many rheumatologic diseases such as Behjat, Poly Arteritis Nodosa, Henoch Schonlein Purpura and even non-rheumatologic diseases, it is necessary to identify the mutation prevalence of this gene in The normal population. this study were designed to determine the magnitude and type of mutation in the normal population of the area
Methods:. In this study, the subjects completed a questionnaire containing information such as gender of the patients, place of residence of patients, history of familial diseases and the history of other rheumatologic diseases and lack of evidence of FMF according to Tel-Hashmor's criteria. first-degree relatives entered the study. According to the population, each city of Ardebil province were studied in the same proportion. The number of people who were included in the study were calculated using Cochran's formula were 224 people. This number was randomly selected from patients who were referred to angiography center at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil. The extraction of the gene were done by Boiling method and buffers and lubricants from Vienna Lab Diagnostics GmbH. PCR amplification were performed and MEFV sequences were evaluated and mutations detected
Result. Out of 224 cases, 113 cases (50.4%) were male and 111 (49.6%) were female. 57 cases (25%) had mutations, which 28 were male (49%) and 29 were female (51%). The most mutations found was E148Q in 41 cases (18.3%), P369S with 7 cases (3.1%) and V726A 5 cases (2.2%). Of the A744S mutations, 3 cases (1.3%) and F479L, M694V and R761H, each of them were 2 cases (0.8%), and eventually the K695R mutation was only one case (0.4%).
Conclusion:. The result of this study show that 25% of the normal population of the study area in this study had a mutation of MEFV gene that were heterozygote and the most mutations was E148Q in 41 cases (18.3%), P369S with 7 cases (3.1%) and V726A 5 cases (2.2%). Of the A744S mutations, 3 cases (1.3%) and F479L, M694V and R761H, each of them were 2 cases (0.8%), and eventually the K695R mutation was only one case (0.4%)
Evaluation of Immune Responses to a DNA Vaccine Encoding Ag85a-Cfp10 Antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an Animal Model
Get PDFBackground: Many studies indicate that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has low protective efficacy, especially in endemic areas. There are several factors in this assessment, such as genetic diversity of BCG strains, pre-exposure to environmental mycobacteria, and variations in host immune responses. Currently, more than 200 new vaccine candidates have been proposed, such as recombinant BCG, DNA, and subunit vaccines. However, none of them are superior to BCG. Nevertheless, several approaches are considered to reduce the cases of TB infection.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of the Ag85a-cfp10 fusion protein as a new chimeric protein in stimulating immune responses.
Methods: A DNA vaccine encoding Ag85a-cfp10 fusion protein was constructed in the previous study. The expression of Ag85a-cfp10 fusion protein in host cells was confirmed by the RT-PCR method. Six pathogen-free female mice were injected intramuscularly at a total concentration of 100 µg/mL three times at two-week intervals. The BCG and the control groups received BCG and PBS vaccines, respectively. One month after the final immunization, mice were killed and their splenocytes were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 1% antibiotics and 10% serum. Four cytokines including IL-4, IL-12, TGF-β, and IFN-γ were measured in the culture supernatant using the ELISA test.
Results: RT-PCR analysis showed that Ag85a-cfp10 recombinant vector is able to replicate in eukaryotic cells and produce mRNA. The vaccinated groups were compared to the control group, showing induction of high levels of cytokine production.
Conclusions: Some reports depicted that DNA vaccines are able to induce humoral and cellular immune responses both in animal models and humans. Therefore, in the current study, the immune response was induced in mice, which were inoculated with recombinant expression plasmid, pcDNA3.1 (+)-Ag85a-cfp10. We showed that this recombinant vector can stimulate mycobacterial specific modulating cytokines. Nonetheless, analysis appeared that this vaccine is unable to stimulate cell mediated immunity, however, still further studies are needed in futur
Diabetes Distress and It’s determinants among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Referring to Diabetes Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Diabetes distress is one of the psychological disorders affecting patients with diabetes, yet there are few studies about diabetes distress in Iranian patients. The present study aimed to determine the status of diabetes distress and its related factors in type II diabetes patients.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 220 patients with type II diabetes referred to Diabetes Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil, Iran. The samples were selected using convenience sampling method. This present study was conducted in 11 months. Data collection tools included demographic and disease form, Diabetes distress Scale (DDS), summary of diabetes self care activities and brief Cope questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 via descriptive (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (compare means, Pearson correlation coefficient, hierarchical regression and stepwise multiple regression).
Results: The finding showed that 42.3% and 21.4% of the patients with diabetes had moderate and severe diabetes-related distress. Emotional burden dimension had the highest score among the subscales of diabetes distress. The mean score of self care activities was 30.33±11.62, indicating low self care status in patients with type 2 diabetes. Compare to emotion based coping style and avoidance, score of problem based coping strategies was more and equal to 66.95%. The results from multivariable analyses showed that higher BMI, use of insulin, lower levels of blood glucose self monitoring, higher use of avoidance strategies and lower use of problem based strategies were related to greater DDS (p<0.05). The final model of hierarchical regression explained 68.1% of the variance in DDS, so that coping styles had higher portion.
Conclusion: Considering the finding, health care providers must pay attention to how patients deal with disease and its needs, and promote the strategies such as problem based coping style. They also help patients to perform suitably self care activity such as monitoring of blood glucose and retain healthy weight
High incidence of Brucella epididymo-orchitis in Ardabil, Iran
Get PDFBrucella is a Gram-negative facultative intra cellular bacteria that is an important cause of epididymo-orchitis in endemic area like Ardabil, Iran. The incidence of brucellosis in Ardabil is 10-21 in 100,000 population, but brucella epididymoorchitis incidence is unknown .2-20% of brucellosis patients may have epididymoorchitis. Majority of Ardabil people live in rural area concord with domestic animals like sheep, cow and goat. It seems that BEO incidence in Ardabil compared to developed countries or even other provinces of Iran is higher. The incidence of brucella epididymo-orchitis in Ardabil province in Iran is widespread out of prospective. BEO must be important acute scrotal pain differential diagnosis in alike endemic area
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF REMOVAL OF CEFALEXIN FROM AQUATIC SOLUTIONS BY ENZYMATIC OXIDATION USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
No full textAntibiotics are used globally and, after use, they enter water sources in different ways. The presence of these compounds in the environment has created concerns about the toxicity of aquatic organisms and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was to remove cefalexin from aqueous solutions by enzymatic oxidation using response surface methodology (RSM). For this purpose, batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of independent variables, including temperature, pH, contact time, enzyme activity, HBT mediator concentration, and antibiotic concentration. The residual cefalexin concentration was determined by HPLC. The Box-Behnken design of experiments and RSM were used to evaluate the overlap between variables. The results showed that the oxidation efficiency increased with increasing contact time and enzyme activity and decreasing antibiotic concentration. The highest and lowest removal percentages were 90.5% and 5.54%, respectively. Considering the value of R2 (0.946) and adjusted R2 (0.95) in the RSM model, one can state that the selected model is suitable for data analysis. Finally, the second-order polynomial analysis and the quadratic model were used as the best model for finding the relationship between the main variables and cefalexin removal efficiency. The Box-Behnken Design model can be effective for optimizing enzymatic oxidation of cefalexin, and laccase can be used to remove cefalexin
The frequency of resistance to aminoglycoside resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from clinical specimens in teaching hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University Medical Science 2017
Get PDFBackground & Objectives: Treatment of Staphylococcal infections caused by MRSA strains represents a major clinical challenge. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are usually use in combination with a cell wall active agent in treatment of serious SA infections. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of aminoglycosides resistance, distribution of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) genes and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements among clinical isolates of MRSA in Ardabil, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 118 SA isolates were collected from clinical specimens in four teaching hospitals in 2017 and 2018. The SA was identified using standard microbiological and molecular methods. Methicillin resistance was determined by cefoxitin disk test and oxacillin MIC testing. mecA methicillin resistance encoding gene, and SCCmec typing was determined using PCR method. Phenotypic aminoglycoside resistance was determined using disk diffusion assay and the MICs were determined using agar dilution method. AMEs genes were detected using PCR testing. Spa type of aminoglycoside resistant SA isolates were determined based on highly variable Xr region sequences of the spa-gene. The heterogeneity and clonal relatedness of aminoglycoside resistant SA isolates were determined using ERIC-PCR assay.
Results: Totally, 50 (42.4%) and 68 (57.6%) isolates were determined as MRSA and MSSA respectively. All MRSA were mecA-positive by PCR. Among MRSA isolates SCCmec type Iva 17 (34%) was predominant, followed by IVc, V, III, II, I. For aminoglycoside antibiotics the resistance rate to gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin were 19 (16.1%), 21 (17.8%), 10 (8.5%) and 10 (8.5%) respectively. For non-aminoglycosides antibiotics, higher resistance rate observed for penicillin 50 (42.4%) and lower resistance rate observed for nitrofurantoin 1 (0.8%). Of the genes examined for aminoglycoside resistance, aac (6′)-Ie-aph (2'') 30 (76.9%) was the most frequently identified gene followed by aph(2’’)Ib 22 (56.4%), ant (4')-Ia 14 (35.9%) respectively. The genes aph(2’’)Ic, aph(2’’)Id and aph(3’’)IIIa were not detected. The coexistence of multiple AME genes was detected in most aminoglycoside resistant isolates. spa-typing results divided the isolates into t030 types with t310 as the most common one. According to ERIC-PCR results, no significant genetic relatedness between the aminoglycoside resistant isolates were identified. The 19 distinct clusters were identified among aminoglycoside resistant isolates.
Conclusions: Resistance to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic was found in 39 (33%) of isolates. Overall, the resistance to aminoglycoside and most of the non-aminoglycoside antibiotics were significantly higher in MRSA versus MSSA isolates. The aac (6′)-Ie-aph (2'') was the predominate gene responsible for aminoglycoside resistance. The aminoglycoside resistant isolate were not closely related
Evaluation of Vertical Dimension of Occlusion Using Anthropometric Indexes Among Individuals Referring to the Faculty of Dentistry of Ardabil in 1396-97
Get PDFIntroduction: Establishing vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is one of the important factors in prosthetic treatment procedures for edentulous patients. It is usually done in mandibular rest position which in turn is affected by different factors such as loss of teeth, patient age and amount of bone resorption after being edentulous, and also the method for determination of VDO (relaxation, swallowing, phonetic…), and patient position. An ideal method for determining VDO in terms of cost, time, and instrument requirements has been sought in prosthodontics by various investigators. However, no such single method has been formulated. The objective of the study was to evaluate the the reliability of different anthropometric measurements for determination of VDO in individuals referring to the faculty of dentistry of Ardabil. The hypothesis was that facial measurements can be used to obtain VDO for edentulous patients where no pre-extraction records exist.
Materials and Methods: Total of 195 participants with the age ranging between 20 to 60 years from individuals referring to the faculty of dentistry of Ardabil were randomly recruited in this cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria for VDO measurement were complete set of 28 teeth from right second molar to left second molar on the maxilla and mandibular and Angle’s Class I Occlusion, the exclusion criterias were, attrision, traumatic occlusion, unnormal facial asymmetry, a history of facial trauma, undergone orthodontic treatment, undergone orthognathic surgery and crowns on more than two posterior teeth without posterior stop. Four craniofacial measurements including ear length, distances of external corner of eye to tragus of ear, distance of eye exocanthion to the inner canthus(Endocanthion) of the other eye and length of the tip of thumb to tip of the index finger were recorded with digital Vernier calliper, and VDO was recorded at centric occlusion from subnasal to menton. To record VDO, the subjects were instructed to bite lightly on the posterior teeth with lips in response. The obtained data were analysed by using the Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analysis(StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences software (SPSS)version 24). The level of statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05.
Results: Regression analysis showed that, there is significant difference (p>0.05) between VDO and ear length, distances of external corner of eye to tragus of ear, distance of eye exocanthion to the Endocanthion of the other eye and length of the tip of thumb to tip of the index finger. VDO was significantly and positively correlated with all the parameters studied. In males, correlation of VDO was strongest for length of the tip of thumb to tip of the index finger (r= 0.471) whereas in females, it was strongest for length of ear (r= 0.691).
Conclusion: The result implies that, the use of anthropometric measurements, can not be exact as an adjunct for establishing VDO in individuels living in Ardabil city
Study on the Effect of Estradiol Against Tributyltin Toxicity in Rat Pancreatic Islet
Get PDFIntroduction: Discovery of estrogen receptors in the pancreatic beta cells supported the hypothesis of protective effects of female sex steroids on pancreatic beta cells due to lower prevalence of diabetes in females. Studies show that estradiol can increase viability of beta cells, enhance insulin secretion and prevent apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Some metals particularly tin and cadmium have been reported to interfere with estrogen receptors and exert toxic effects through disrupting related endocrine pathways. Tributyltin is known as an endocrine disruptor which is used as a biocide against a broad range of microorganisms. Some sporadic studies indicated that tributyltin induces beta cell apoptosis and disturbs glucose homeostasis. This study was designed to assess the effects of tributyltin and estradiol on rat pancreatic islets.
Methods and Results: Pancreatic islets of male rat were isolated, grouped (10 islets in each group) and cultured in RPMI for 24 hours at 37° C. After calculating EC50 of tributyltin and estradiol by using MTT assay, islets were treated with estradiol and tributyltin for 24 hours. Then viability and level of reactive oxygen species ROS were measured.
Tributyltin decreased cellular viability of islets along with an increase in the ROS formation, while estradiol increased viability and decreased ROS when added to both control group and tributyltin treated group.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that estradiol can protect beta cells of the pancreas by increasing viability and decreasing ROS formation against tributyltin toxicity. It can be concluded that function of estrogen receptors in the pancreas particularly beta-cells might be an important target of pharmacological and toxicological modifications in order to discover new aspects of pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies for diabete
Effect of Glutamine on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Glycation Markers, and the Activity of Glyoxalase System in Diabetic Rats with Atherosclerosis
Get PDFBackground and purpose: Vascular complications of diabetes are the most common causes of mortality in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, glycation products, oxidative stress, and inflammation lead to atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy in diabetes. This research aimed at studying the effect of glutamine (Gln) on main causes of vascular complications in diabetic rats with atherosclerosis.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, including a control group, diabetic atherosclerosis group, and two similar groups under Gln (0.1 % in drinking water) treatment. The following items were measured in all groups: fasting blood sugar, insulin, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, the activity of glyoxalase system (GLO), markers of glycation (glycated albumin, glycated LDL, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and advanced glycation end products), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation end products), inflammatory markers (interleukine-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), serum creatinine, 24-hour urine protein excretion, and kidney weight index.
Results: In diabetic-atherosclerotic group Gln reduced fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, triglyceride level, total cholesterol, atherogenic index, markers of glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The levels of Cr, 24-hour urine protein excretion, and kidney weight index were lower in treated diabetic-atherosclerotic rats than the untreated group. Gln showed elevating effect on the activity of GLO system in diabetic-atherosclerotic group (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: Glutamine improved glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammation and induced the activity of glyoxalase system. Therefore, it could have preventive effect on vascular complications of diabetes
Evaluation of Maxillary Central IncisorS color frequency in patients referring to Ardabil faculty of dentistry clinic in 2018-19
Get PDFIntroduction: Determining and color matching has been of a great importance in dentistry. The color matching of the material used in restorative dentistry, the choice of color in fixed and partial prosthesis and also choice of color for complete dentures have been some of the dentists’ major issues. Dental color does not play a role in physiological success of the dental restorations. However, it can be a main controlling factor in terms of its acceptance by the patient. So color matching can be an important factor when it comes to creating a more beautiful smile and also increasing patient’s level of satisfaction. Dental color may differ under the influence of several factors such as: age, gender, genetics, and native features of every region. This research was conducted in order to study the color abundancy of the central upper teeth in clients referring to the faculty of dentistry in Ardabil, Iran in 2018.
Materials and Methods: 328 patients referring to the clinic of faculty of dentistry of Ardabil were studied. The central maxillary teeth in referrers to this clinic in 2018 were studied by a student who had been trained to work with the “Easy Shade” device. In order to determine the color, these principles were carried out by the researcher. Prior to the determination process, the patients were taught how to brush their teeth correctly, and they used a suitable brush and toothpaste. At least one of the maxillary central teeth should be free of repair, decay, history of injury, discoloration, fluorosis, bleaching history, germ, and stain. To determine the color, the probe of the device was set perpendicularly to the mid third of the central tooth. The color determination was done according the VITA Classical guide.
Results: The most abundant main color in both sexes was A then B and the least abundancy was set for C. There was no significant correlation between dental color and gender. However, there was a significant relationship between dental color and age increase. In a way that with increasing age (in all age groups), the color abundancy of A and B were decreased, while C and D experienced an increase. In this study the most abundancy of the shade color was set to be B2.
Conclusion: : Considering the results obtained in this study and its coherence with other studies in Iranian society, the closest color choice to the tested population can be from the color group A and then B. The sex of the patients does not affect the choice of color. In older patients, more colors can be found with darker hues and more chroma. In matching color and providing restorations colors, the high frequency of group A and B2 shade colors should be considered in younger patients